Congenitally missing mandibular second premolar: treatment outcome with orthodontic space closure

Orthodontic treatment for patients with congenitally missing mandibular second premolars can be challenging. Treatment options include keeping the deciduous second molar, extracting the molars and allowing the space to close spontaneously, autotransplantation, prosthetic replacement, and orthodontic space closure. Space closure with orthodontic appliances is demonstrated in this case report.     

Unusual maxillary second premolar morphology: a case report.

This case report presents the relatively uncommon occurrence of a maxillary second premolar with 3 root canals. The possibility of additional root canals should be considered even in teeth with a low frequency of abnormal root canal anatomy. Sound knowledge of root canal anatomy, critical interpretation of radiographs, and high-magnification examination are essential elements of success in complicated root canal therapy.     

Delayed formation of a lower second premolar

Delayed odontogenesis of a lower second premolar is presented in a case treated without extraction and focuses on the 7-year follow-up of the delayed tooth bud. The follow-up was initiated when the crown formation was diagnosed and was finished when the tooth erupted completely into the orthodontically provided space, which enabled the orthodontic leveling and alignment of the delayed premolar. The long follow-up indicates that delayed tooth buds may develop completely and normally.     

Three-rooted maxillary second premolar

The possibility of three canals in maxillary second premolars is quite small; however, it must be taken into account in clinical and radiographic evaluations during endodontic treatment. Many times their presence is noticed only after canal treatment, due to continuing postoperative discomfort. This article describes a clinical case of three-canal maxillary second premolars that are endodontically treated.     

Five canals in a mandibular second premolar

A case of conservative endodontic therapy for a mandibular second premolar with five root canals is described. A thorough knowledge of the root canal anatomy, careful interpretation of the radiographs, and access cavity modifications are essentials for enhancing intracanal procedures.     

Endodontic therapy for dens invaginatus in a maxillary second premolar

A unique approach to endodontic therapy for dens invaginatus in a maxillary second premolar is presented. The management of the case included the placement of calcium hydroxide in the root canals for 5 months, followed by obturation with gutta-percha and sealer.     

Unusual fracture of a mandibular second premolar: a case report.

Root fractures of posterior teeth, which are defined as fractures involving cementum, dentin, and pulp, are relatively uncommon among dental traumas. This study describes an unusual horizontal fracture of a mandibular second premolar. The tooth was asymptomatic and the fracture unnoticed until the crown broke off completely. The patient had no recollection of a causative event nor was there any evidence of previous physical trauma. The tooth was extracted, embedded in resin, sliced, and examined with different light microscopes. It was concluded that the tooth had been damaged previously but not to the extent that the pulp was seriously damaged. Resorption over a period of time eventually caused the final fracture.     

Four root canals in a mandibular second premolar

A case report is presented involving the successful endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with four canals in a single root. Statistics of morphological variations are irrelevant when the involved tooth is an anomaly.     

Surgical treatment of a three-rooted maxillary second premolar. Report of a case

This article discusses surgical treatment of a maxillary second premolar with three roots. Conventional endodontic therapy was not possible because of complete calcification of the root canal systems. Apicoectomies and retrograde amalgam filling were performed on all roots, resulting in successful treatment.