高压氧对急性移植物抗宿主病小鼠细胞因子表达的影响

目的:观察高压氧(HBO)对骨髓移植时急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)小鼠脾组织中细胞因子表达的影响,探讨HBO抗aGVHD的作用机制.方法:应用直线加速器排空C57BL/6小鼠骨髓后,注入BALB/C小鼠骨髓与脾淋巴细胞的混合液,复制aGVHD模型.应用RT-PCR技术检测经HBO、环孢素A(CsA)、氨甲喋呤(MTX)处理后,小鼠脾组织中白细胞介素2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)及白细胞介素10(IL-10)mRNA水平的变化.结果:HBO组小鼠11d的生存率明显高于异基因移植组及CsA MTX组;HBO组小鼠脾组织中TNF-α和IL-2mRNA相对含量显著低于异基因移植组(P＜0.05)、显著高于CsA MTX组;HBO组小鼠脾组织中IL-4和IL-10 mRNA相对含量显著高于异基因移植组及CsA MTX组(P＜0.05).结论:HBO可能通过调节促炎/抑炎细胞因子的分泌而发挥其明显的抗aGVHD作用.     

高压氧对急性一氧化碳中毒小鼠脑组织细胞因子的影响

目的:观察高压氧(HBO)对急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒小鼠脑组织白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子γ(TNF-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)及白细胞介素10(IL-10)的水平影响.方法:建立CO中毒模型,常压氧(NBO)、高压氧干预治疗.ELISA法检测各组小鼠脑组织细胞因子的浓度.结果:CO中毒组IL-1β和TNF-α含量明显高子对照组(P＜0.01),而IL-4和IL-10则明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).HBO治疗组与CO中毒组比较,IL-1β和TNF-α含量显著下降(P＜0.01),而IL-4和IL-10含量显著升高(P＜0.01).NBO治疗组IL-1β和TNF-α低于CO中毒组,而IL-4和IL-10高于CO中毒组,但差异不显著.结论:HBO可对抗CO中毒小鼠脑组织的毒性作用.     

供受体血清白介素-2、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平与急性移植物抗宿主病的关系

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植供受体细胞因子IL-2、TNF-α水平与急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的关系.方法 采用HLA部分相合或全相合同胞以及HLA相合非亲缘志愿者为供体,对22例白血病患者进行异基因造血干细胞移植,用ELISA方法检测供体和受体血清中IL-2、TNF-α水平,并比较移植后发生0-Ⅰ度aGVHD组和Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD组细胞因子水平有无差别.结果 5例患者无aGVHD发生(0度),Ⅰ度aGVHD 10例.Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD7例.发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD组患者(n=7)在预处理后及移植后的血清IL-2、TNF-α水平均明显较0～Ⅰ度aGVHD组患者(n=15)高(P均<0.05),预处理前两组IL-2、TNF-α水平无差别;供体动员后IL-2水平在Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD组高于0～Ⅰ度aGVHD组,TNF-α浓度两组无差别.结论 白血病患者预处理后及移植后血清中IL-2、TNF-α水平及供体动员后IL-2水平可能与aGVHD发生及严重程度有关,可作为预测发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD指标.     

雷帕霉素抑制小鼠骨髓移植后移植物抗宿主病作用的初步研究

目的:探讨新型免疫抑制药物雷帕霉素(RAPA)对小鼠异基因骨髓移植(allo-BMT)后急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的抑制作用,并与传统免疫抑制药物比较作用效果。方法:用主要组织相容性抗原(MHC)完全不合的纯种近交系小鼠[供鼠为雄性C57BL/6 J(H-2b)鼠,受鼠为雌性BALB/c(H-2d)鼠]建立allo-BMT/aGVHD动物模型,随机分5组,第1、2和3组分别给予RAPA、环孢菌素A(CsA)加甲氨蝶呤(MTX)、RAPA加CsA加MTX联合用药作为aGVHD抑制方案,第4组为空白对照,第5组为未移植组。观察各组小鼠骨髓移植后aGVHD的出现情况。结果:移植小鼠出现典型的aGVHD症状,未用aGVHD预防方案的移植小鼠(第4组)死亡高峰在移植后第5~7天,死亡率达100%。用不同aGVHD预防方案的第1~3组小鼠aGVHD症状明显减轻,平均生存时间(MST)较第4组显著延长(分别延长3.5、1.9和6.0 d,P<0.05)。不同aGVHD预防方案的移植小鼠之间,移植后外周血常规变化差异无显著性。经用各预防方案后,移植小鼠aGVHD病理表现减轻,且RAPA、CsA和MTX联合用药组的病理分级轻于RAPA单药组或CsA加MTX标准方案组。结论:RAPA可以显著抑制体外T淋巴细胞增殖效应,增强小鼠对骨髓移植的免疫耐受,对小鼠骨髓移植后移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)有明显抑制作用,可减轻GVHD症状和病理损害程度,延长平均生存时间。     

间充质干细胞联合NK细胞输注抑制DC减轻aGVHD

【目的】 观察骨髓MSC联合NK细胞输注对小鼠异基因骨髓移植后aGVHD的影响,初步探讨其作用机制?【方法】 分离C57BL/6小鼠骨髓细胞,体外培养MSC;取C57BL/6小鼠脾脏细胞,磁珠分选NK细胞;建立C57BL/6→BALB/c小鼠异基因骨髓移植模型,接受移植小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只小鼠,MSC和NK细胞移植组,MSC移植组,NK细胞移植组和培养基对照组?根据aGVHD分值,肝?脾?小肠aGVHD病理损害和平均存活时间,评价aGVHD的程度?ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IFNγ和IL-12的含量?流式细胞术检测受鼠脾脏细胞CD11c和CD86的表达情况?【结果】 根据GVHD分值,肝?脾?小肠aGVHD病理损害和平均存活时间综合评价,与培养基对照组比较,MSC联合NK细胞移植组,MSC移植组和NK细胞移植组,发生aGVHD的程度均减轻,以MSC联合NK细胞移植组减轻最为明显?IFNγ的含量,NK细胞组明显高于MSC联合NK细胞移植组,MSC移植组和培养基对照组?IL-12的含量,MSC联合NK细胞移植组低于NK细胞移植组和培养基对照组,MSC移植组低于培养基对照组?脾脏DC细胞的含量,MSC联合NK细胞移植组未成熟DC(CD11c+CD86-)和成熟DC(CD11c+CD86+)均低于MSC移植组,NK细胞组和培养基对照组?【结论】 MSC联合NK细胞输注降低DC细胞数量,减轻aGVHD,延长小鼠生存时间?     

自然杀伤细胞对小鼠异基因骨髓移植中移植物抗宿主病效应的影响

目的:研究自然杀伤细胞(NK)在异基因骨髓移植中对移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的影响.方法:以近交系小鼠C57BL/6(H-2b)为供鼠、BALB/c(H-2d)为受鼠,在移植物中增加供者的外周T细胞和(或)NK细胞进行异基因骨髓移植,根据临床表现和病理检查,比较不同移植组的存活率和GVHD发生情况.结果:增加1×106供鼠NK细胞的移植组中40%小鼠出现GVHD,增加2×106供鼠NK细胞的移植组中仅30%出现GVHD;与单纯异基因骨髓移植细(80%急性GVHD、20%慢性GVHD)和骨髓 T细胞组(100%急性GVHD)比较,GVHD发生率显著下降(P＜0.01),30、60和120 d存活率显著增高(P＜0.01).结论:在小鼠异基因骨髓移植中,同种异基因反应性NK细胞可抑制GVHD效应,延长存活期.     

白介素-11对小鼠异基因骨髓移植后aGVHD的预防作用

目的 评估白介素-11(Interleukin-11,IL-11)对小鼠异基因骨髓移植(allo-BMT) 后急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD) 的预防作用. 方法 用主要组织相容性抗原(MHC) 完全不合的纯种近交系SPF级小鼠,雄C57BL/6(H-2b)为供鼠,雌性BALB/C(H-2d)为受鼠,建立allo-BMT/aGVHD 动物模型,随机分3组:模型对照组、IL-11组(剂量为500μg/(kg·d)、环孢菌素A(CsA)组(剂量为10mg/(kg·d),观察其对aGVHD 的预防作用. 结果 IL-11组、CsA组受鼠生存时间均长于模型对照组(P<0.01);IL-11组、CsA组受鼠aGVHD临床表现和病理改变均较模型对照组明显轻.IL-11组、CsA组之间平均生存时间比较无统计学差异(P=0.901). 结论 IL-11可有效预防小鼠allo-BMT后aGVHD,减轻其症状和病理损害程度,显著延长平均生存时间.     

FTY720对小鼠异基因骨髓移植后急性GVHD的预防作用

目的评估FTY720对小鼠异基因骨髓移植诱发急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的预防作用.方法 36只受体BALB/c小鼠,接受直线加速器一次性全身照射后4 ～ 6 h内,经尾静脉注射供体小鼠骨髓和脾脏细胞.受体小鼠分为移植方式对照组(A组)和异基因移植治疗组(B组);同时A组分未移植组(A1)、同基因移植组(A2)和异基因移植对照组(A3),B组分CsA 5 mg/kg组(B1),FTY720 0.3 mg/kg组(B2)和FTY720 1 mg/kg组(B3).移植后受体小鼠,根据生存时间、体重变化和病理组织学检查,评估各组aGVHD严重程度.结果异基因移植各组在移植后第7 d造血开始恢复,第14 d流式细胞仪检测显示异基因骨髓细胞已植入,病理组织学检查A3组发生重度aGVHD;与B1和B2组比较,B3组aGVHD严重程度最低.结论小鼠异基因骨髓移植后给予FTY720具有预防aGVHD作用,以剂量为1 mg/kg时作用显著.     

急性移植物抗宿主病患者血浆中细胞因子的水平及其意义

探讨异基因外周血干细胞移植发生急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)时血浆中相关细胞因子水平及其与aGVHD的关系。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定20例恶性血液病患者异基因外周血干细胞移植前后及发生aGVHD时的血浆白细胞介素18(IL-18)、白细胞介素2受体(IL-2R)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平。结果所有患者的造血功能均获得重建；发生Ⅰ～Ⅱ度aGVHD者8例，Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD者3例；发生aGVHD者血浆IL-18及IL-2R水平显著高于无aGVHD者，且IL-18水平与aGVHD的严重程度呈正相关；TNF-α水平在移植前后无显著变化；发生aGVHD者的IL-10水平明显下降，而无aGVHD者则较移植前显著上升。研究表明，来源于TH1细胞的Ⅰ类细胞因子和来源于TH2细胞的Ⅱ类细胞因子在aGVHD发生中具有相反作用。     

雷帕霉素抑制小鼠骨髓移植后移植物抗宿主病作用的初步研究

目的：探讨新型免疫抑制药物雷帕霉素（RAPA）对小鼠异基因骨髓移植（allo-BMT）后急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）的抑制作用，并与传统免疫抑制药物比较作用效果。方法：用主要组织相容性抗原（MHC）完全不合的纯种近交系小鼠[供鼠为雄性c57BL／6J（H-2“）鼠，受鼠为雌性BALB／c（H-2^d）鼠]建立allo-BMT／aGVHD动物模型，随机分5组，第1、2和3组分别给予RAPA、环孢菌素A（CsA）加甲氨蝶呤（MTX）、RAPA加CsA加MTX联合用药作为aGVHD抑制方案，第4组为空白对照，第5组为未移植组。观察各组小鼠骨髓移植后aGVHD的出现情况。结果：移植小鼠出现典型的aGVHD症状，未用aGVHD预防方案的移植小鼠（第4组）死亡高峰在移植后第5～7天，死亡率达100％。用不同aGVHD预防方案的第1～3组小鼠aGVHD症状明显减轻，平均生存时间（MST）较第4组显著延长（分别延长3．5、1．9和6．0d，P〈0．05）。不同aGVHD预防方案的移植小鼠之间，移植后外周血常规变化差异无显著性。经用各预防方案后，移植小鼠aGVHD病理表现减轻，且RAPA、CsA和MTX联合用药组的病理分级轻于RAPA单药组或CsA加MTX标准方案组。结论：RAPA可以显著抑制体外T淋巴细胞增殖效应，增强小鼠对骨髓移植的免疫耐受，对小鼠骨髓移植后移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）有明显抑制作用，可减轻GVHD症状和病理损害程度，延长平均生存时间。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.