类风湿关节炎与慢性牙周炎关系研究

目的    探讨类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）与慢性牙周炎（chronic periodontitis,CP）之间的关系。方法    选择2014年1月至2015年1月于中国医科大学附属第四医院风湿免疫科确诊为RA的患者30例（RA组）和同期于中国医科大学附属第四医院体检中心进行常规体检者23例（对照组）,两组在性别及年龄上相匹配。检测两组患者的菌斑指数（plaque index,PLI）、出血指数（bleeding index,BI）、探诊深度（probing depth,PD）、附着丧失（attachment loss,AL）、缺失牙数等牙周指标,比较两组患者牙周状况、CP患病率及中、重度牙周炎的分布情况。结果    RA组患者PLI、AL、缺失牙数、CP患病率及中、重度牙周炎比例均高于对照组（均P < 0.05）,而两组BI、PD的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论    RA患者比正常人群的牙周状况差,且其患中、重度牙周炎的比例要高于正常人群。     

代谢综合症患者牙周状况的临床研究

目的：分析代谢综合症患者牙周状况,探讨代谢综合症在牙周疾病发生、发展中的意义。方法：选择150例诊断明确的代谢综合症患者为研究组,150例健康人作为对照组。检查记录：菌斑指数（PLI）、探诊深度（PD）、临床附着丧失（CAL）、出血指数（BI）、失牙数并计算牙周位点率。测定龈沟液及血清中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。结果：代谢综合症组患侵袭性牙周炎、慢性牙周炎高于对照组（P〈0．01）;代谢综合症组PD、CAL、重度百分比及失牙数除BI外均高于对照组（P〈0．01）。代谢综合症患者龈沟液中IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平高于对照组（p〈0．01）,而血清中两组无差异。相关性分析表明：MS组患者血糖水平与PLI、CAL、BI、重度百分比呈正相关（P〈0．01）,腹型（腰围水平）与PD、CAL、PLI重度百分比呈正相关（P〈0．01）。HDL-C水平与PLI、CAL、BI、重度百分比及失牙数正相关。血糖及HDL-C水平与牙周病的发病率正相关。结论：MS患者牙周疾病的发病率明显高于正常人,其中血糖、HDL-C及肥胖程度是影响牙周状况的重要因素,这种变化可能是通过MS引发炎症失衡而发生的。     

北京某社区代谢综合征人群的牙周状况调查

目的:明确北京某社区代谢综合征人群的牙周状况并与心梗、高血压等其它心血管病患者的牙周状况进行比较。方法:对152名代谢综合征患者、106名陈旧性心梗患者、211名单纯高血压患者及56名全身健康者进行全口牙周检查,记录菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI)、出血指数(bleeding index,BI)、探诊深度(pro-bing depth,PD)、附着丧失(attachment loss,AL)和缺失牙数,按性别分层后比较4组人群的牙周状况。结果:男性代谢综合征组的PLI、BI、PD、AL均高于其它3组;女性代谢综合征组的PLI、PD高于其它3组,中重度牙周炎的比例也明显高于高血压组和健康组。结论:代谢综合征者是牙周炎防治的重点人群。     

慢性牙周炎患者早期动脉粥样硬化指标检测

目的明确慢性牙周炎患者动脉粥样硬化早期临床指标的改变,探索慢性牙周炎与动脉粥样硬化关系。方法纳入59名无系统疾病的牙周科就诊患者,其中无或轻度牙周炎者30名和中重度牙周炎患者29名,由同一检查者记录口内缺失牙、存留牙近中颊、远中舌2个位点菌斑指数（plaque index,PLI）、出血指数（bleeding index,BI）、探诊深度（probing depth,PD）、附着丧失（attachment loss,AL）;彩色多普勒超声分别检测双侧颈总动脉内中膜厚度（intima-media thickness,IMT）和血流介导的血管舒张反应（flow-mediated dilatation,FMD）,以这两项指标反映动脉粥样硬化早期血管改变。结果两组研究对象在性别、年龄、体重指数和受教育程度上无统计学差异。牙周炎组的双侧颈动脉IMT均显著高于对照组[左侧IMT：（0.84±0.22mm）vs.（0.70±0.28mm）,P〈0.05,右侧：（0.82±0.31 mm）vs.（0.64±0.20 mm）,P〈0.05],牙周炎组斑块检出率与对照组无统计学差异（左侧：10.34%vs.13.33%P=0.77;右侧：6.90%vs.10%P=0.71）,牙周炎组血流介导的血管舒张反应显著低于对照组[（10.00±6.50%）vs.（13.44±6.41%）,P=0.04]。多因素分析显示调整性别、年龄、吸烟、体重指数、血脂、血糖、血压等因素后,PD和AL仍是影响颈动脉IMT的重要因素,PLI、PD和BI仍是影响血管内皮功能的重要因素。结论中重度慢性牙周炎患者较无/轻度牙周炎者早期动脉粥样硬化指标差,慢性牙周炎可能与动脉粥样硬化相关。     

IL-12和Th亚群细胞在牙周病免疫病理及免疫调节中的作用

目的：探讨白细胞介素12（interleukin-12,IL-12）在牙周病免疫病理及免疫调节中的作用。方法：选取2016年1月—2019年1月收治的98例慢性牙周炎患者,按照牙周炎严重程度分为轻度组（30例）、中度组（35例）与重度组（33例）,选取同期进行牙周检查的健康者30例作为对照组,观察各组间临床牙周指标[探诊深度（probing depth,PD）、附着丧失（attachment loss,AL）、菌斑指数（plague index,PLI）、出血指数（bleed index,BI）]、外周血中Th细胞表达（Th1、Th2、Th17）、龈沟液及血清中IL-12水平。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：各组间PD、PLI、BI等指标相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;轻、中、重度3组PD、PLI、BI显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;轻、中、重度3组AL指标相比差异显著（P<0.05）;中、重度组PD、AL、PLI、BI显著高于轻度组（P<0.05）,且重度组PD、AL、PLI、BI显著高于中度组（P<0.05）;轻、中、重度3组Th1、Th2、Th17显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;中、重度组Th1、Th2、Th17显著高于轻度组（P<0.05）,且重度组Th1、Th2、Th17显著高于中度组（P<0.05）;轻、中、重度龈沟液及血清中IL-12水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;中、重度组龈沟液及血清中IL-12水平显著高于轻度组（P<0.05）,且重度组龈沟液及血清中IL-12水平显著高于中度组（P<0.05）;龈沟液及血清中IL-12与PD、AL、PLI、BI、Th1、Th2及Th17等指标呈正相关（P<0.05）。H-E染色中、轻度组淋巴细胞较少,中度组淋巴细胞数目明显增加,重度组淋巴细胞表现为密集状态,同时在细胞间质中出血明显;IL-12蛋白阳性染色结果均在牙龈组织淋巴细胞质中表达,可见明显棕褐色,轻、中、重度3组IL-12蛋白阳性染色在牙龈组织中数量显著高于对照组,且着色随着轻、中、重度炎症变化而加重。结论：IL-12参与牙周病的免疫调节机制,可能是牙周炎发生的关键促炎细胞因子。     

不同牙周健康状况者血清白细胞介素21的检测水平

目的:初步探讨白细胞介素21(interleukine 21,IL-21)与牙周健康状况的关系.方法:选择符合纳入标准的受试者105 名,其中无牙周炎组、轻度、中度及重度牙周炎组分别为17 人(16.2%),17 人(16.2%),24 人(22.9%),47 人(44.8%).牙周检查包括:牙周探诊深度(probing depth, PD),牙周附着丧失(attachment loss, AL),龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index, SBI),菌斑指数(plaque index, PLI),采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测受试者血清IL-21水平.结果:无牙周炎组、轻度、中度及重度牙周炎组血清IL-21水平(pg/ml)分别为143.23、202.93、222.21、239.95,"牙周炎组"(227.96±146.39)与"非牙周炎组"(143.23±70.18)之间IL-21水平的差异有显著性(t=2.33,P=0.022).IL-21水平与牙周检查指标(PD、AL、BI、PLI)之间均有显著正相关关系(P<0.05), IL-21水平与全口PD≥5 mm且AL≥4 mm的牙齿所占的比例之间也有显著正相关关系(P=0.036).结论:血清IL-21水平与牙周病严重程度呈正相关,牙周炎患者血清IL-21水平显著升高.     

高强纤维牙周夹板固定重度牙周炎松动牙的疗效评价

目的:评价高强纤维牙周夹板固定重度牙周炎松动牙的临床效果.方法:选取符合病例纳入标准的30例重度牙周炎患者的104颗患牙,按随机数字表法分成实验组(15例,58颗患牙)和对照组(15例,46颗患牙).实验组在基础治疗后,以高强纤维牙周夹板固定松动患牙;对照组在基础治疗后,以结扎丝牙周夹板固定松动患牙,经过3个月～1 a的临床观察,检查记录松动患牙的探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、附着丧失程度(attachment loss,AL),龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index,SBI)和菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI)4项牙周指标,以及固定夹板的完好率.采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:实验组固定6个月后,PD、AL较固定前显著改善(P＜0.05);SBI、PLI在固定3、6、12个月后,与固定前比较无显著差异.对照组固定6个月后,PD、AL较固定前显著改善(P＜0.05),SBI、PLI在固定6个月后高于固定前(P＜0.05).固定后3个月,牙周各项指标在2组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).固定6个月后,实验组与对照组的PD、AL无显著差异,对照组的SBI和PLI较实验组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:高强纤维牙周夹板用于重度牙周炎松动牙固定疗效确切,对维持牙周健康有利,不妨碍菌斑控制.     

纤维夹板松牙固定术对重度牙周炎治疗效果的影响

摘要 目的 探索纤维夹板松牙固定术对重度牙周炎治疗效果的影响。方法 收集我院重度牙周炎患者48例,随机分为两组,治疗组给予牙周基础治疗以及纤维夹板松牙固定术,对照组给予单纯的牙周基础治疗,分别记录两组患者在治疗前基线检查时、治疗后3、6、12个月的菌斑指数（PLI）、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、探诊深度(PD)、附着水平（AL）,通过组间比较来进行可比性分析和疗效分析。结果 治疗后6、12个月,治疗组与对照组SBI、PD、AL的组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05)。两组间PLI无统计学差异。结论 对于重度牙周炎患者,尤其是下前牙牙槽骨吸收大于根长1/2的患者,建议给予纤维夹板松牙固定术,并进行口腔卫生宣教。     

牙周炎伴糖尿病患者对牙周非手术治疗的疗效观察

目的：观察慢性牙周炎伴糖尿病患者对牙周非手术治疗的疗效。方法：观察36例中、重度牙周炎伴糖尿病患者(DM组)，其中20例血糖较高或高低波动(DM-H组)，16例血糖相对较低或较稳定(DM-L组)。以28例非糖尿病慢性牙周炎患者作为对照(Non-DM组)。所有患者每个牙分6个位点，分别观察牙周治疗前及治疗后（口腔卫生指导、洁治、根面平整)1、3、6个月的菌斑指数(P1I)、牙龈指数(GI)、探针出血(BOP)、探针深度（PD)和临床附着丧失（AL)的变化。结果：牙周非手术治疗后，所有患者的牙龈炎症显著改善，牙周袋深度显著下降且牙周附着再获得。伴糖尿病及非糖尿病牙周炎患者对牙周非手术治疗的反应类似。结论：牙周炎伴糖尿病患者对牙周非手术治疗具有良好的治疗反应，糖尿病患者血糖的不同水平并不影响短期治疗反应。     

可摘式牙周夹板修复治疗牙周炎的临床效果分析

目的：评价可摘式牙周夹板对牙周炎伴牙列缺损患者的修复效果。方法：选取40例,随机分为2组,每组20例。两组患者行牙周基础治疗后,分别采用可摘式牙周夹板修复和可摘局部义齿修复,观察并记录不同时段各相关牙周指数。结果：可摘式牙周夹板组修复后24个月时菌斑指数（ plaque index,PLI）和出血指数（ bleeding in-dex,BI）较修复前增加（P＜0.05）;但修复后12个月和24个月时牙周探诊深度（periodontal probing depth,PD）较修复前下降,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。可摘局部义齿修复组修复后12个月和24个月时均出现PLI、BI和PD较修复前明显增加（P＜0.05）。结论：可摘式牙周夹板可改善牙周炎伴有牙列缺损患者的牙周状况,其修复疗效优于可摘局部义齿。     

2007年辽宁省2型糖尿病患者牙周炎患病情况调查

目的 调查2007年辽宁省2型糖尿病患者牙周炎患病率,分析此人群牙周炎发病的影响因素,以期为牙周病的预防和研究提供依据.方法 选取辽宁省2007年糖尿病流行病学研究普查出的2型糖尿病患者182例,进行问卷调查,并检查6颗指数牙的牙周探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、附着丧失(attachment loss,AL)、龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index,SBI)、简化口腔卫生指数(simplified oral hygiene index,OHI-S)的情况.体格和生化指标检查:测量身高、体质量、血压、心电图等.患者检查前24 h内禁食油腻食物,取上午8:00到10:00的空腹静脉血及口服75 g葡萄糖后2 h的静脉血,全自动血生化仪分析血清生化指标.结果 182例2型糖尿病患者牙周炎患病率为96.7%(176/182),其中轻度牙周炎20例,占11.0%,中、重度牙周炎156例,占85.7%.182例患者共检测6552个位点,平均PD为(2.92±0.67)mm,平均AL为(2.87±1.31)mm.男性患者的平均AL、SBI明显大于女性,口腔卫生状况较女性差;城市患者的SBI重于农村患者,农村患者的口腔卫生状况较城市患者差.57.1%(104/182)的患者至少有1颗牙脱落(不包括第三磨牙).年龄、性别、吸烟、城乡差异、糖耐量实验2 h血糖与牙周指标具有相关性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 2007年辽宁省2型糖尿病患者牙周炎患病率高且牙周破坏严重,口腔卫生教育及防病、治病意识亟待加强.     

牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴牙周炎病人糖基化终产物的影响

目的:观察牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎病人牙周组织和血清中糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end of products,AGEs)变化的长期影响。方法:诊断为Ⅱ型糖尿病并伴有中等程度以上牙周炎的病人30例,分为进行牙周基础治疗的干预组15例(DM1组),未进行牙周基础治疗的未干预组15例(DM2组);分别在初诊和每次复诊治疗前记录2组的探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、附着丧失(attachment loss,AL)、空腹血精、AGEs指标。结果:经牙周基础治疗后,DM1组牙周临床指标均有明显改善;2组AGEs水平有不同程度升高(P<0.05);DM1组第21个月AGFs水平显著低于DM2组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎病人的PD、AL、血糖水平、AGEs水平有显著的改善(P<0.05),并且有助于长期稳定。     

不同程度慢性牙周炎患者病情的二年自然进展

目的　观察不同程度慢性牙周炎的自然进展规律。方法　纵向观察 16 9例轻、中、重度慢性牙周炎患者在 2年中的疾病自然进展 ,检查除第三磨牙外的全口牙 ,每颗牙 6个位点 ,以探诊深度、附着丧失为指标 ,两次检查之间附着丧失加重≥ 3mm的牙位定为活动性进展。结果　活动性发生率依基线时疾病的轻、中、重程度而逐渐增高 ,按位点活动性的发生率分别为 0 14 %、0 39%及0 73% ,按个体活动性的发生率分别为 15 5 6 %、2 9 89%及 4 3 2 4 % ,差异有统计学意义。结论　重度牙周炎患者是牙周破坏活动性进展的高危人群。     

Detection of putative periodontal pathogens in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus by polymerase chain reaction

It has been assumed that there is a relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes mellitus, however the putative periodontal microorganisms in non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) individuals and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients have not been well studied. In this study, the detection rates of 5 putative periodontal pathogens: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Treponema denticola, and Candida albicans by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between NIDDM and non-DM adults were compared. A total of 246 adults were randomly recruited and periodontal parameters including: plaque index (P1I), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected by sterile curettes from the most diseased and healthy sites based on PD and AL. The differences in periodontal parameters and microbiological data in healthy and diseased sites between non-DM and NIDDM patients were compared by chi-square analysis. The results showed no significant differences in age, gender, GI, P1I, PD, and prevalence of the 5 microorganisms between the NIDDM and the non-diabetic groups. However, except for A. actinomycetemcomitans, the prevalence of the periodontal microorganisms tested was significantly higher (p <0.001) in diseased sites than in the healthy sites in both groups. The P1I, GI, PD and AL were significantly higher in T. denticola positive sites than in negative sites. The results suggested that P. gingivalis, T. denticola, E. corrodens and C. albicans may play important roles in the periodontitis of both NIDDM and non-DM individuals, however the etiology of periodontitis in both groups may not be different from each other.     

Evaluation of periodontal status and effectiveness of non-surgical treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan for a 1-year period

Background: The periodontal status and effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are assessed. Methods: One‐hundred patients with type 2 diabetes (mean ± SD hemoglobin (Hb)A1c level: 7.3% ± 0.94%) and periodontal disease were recruited for this study. The group with moderate‐to‐severe periodontal disease included patients with >1 tooth with a probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and >2 teeth with a clinical attachment loss (AL) ≥6mm, and the group with mild periodontal disease included patients with <1 affected tooth, and >2 affected with a clinical AL ≥6mm. Patients (28 patients in the mild group and 72 patients in the moderate‐to‐severe group) underwent non‐surgical periodontal treatments. We analyzed differences in serum concentrations of metabolic parameters (glycated hemoglobin and low‐density lipoprotein), inflammatory parameters (interleukin [IL]‐1β and C‐reactive protein [CRP]), and periodontal parameters between the two groups before treatment and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐therapy. Results: Seventy‐five patients with diabetes (21 patients in the mild group and 54 patients in the moderate‐to‐severe group) completed the study. Significant differences in the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PD, and clinical AL at examination times were observed in the whole cohort (P <0.05). We observed significant differences in the PI, GI, and PD in the moderate‐to‐severe group (P <0.05), whereas there was only a significant difference in PD in the mild group (P <0.05) between baseline and 12 months post‐treatment. Both groups experienced improved glycemic control, but the difference was insignificant. CRP and IL‐1β levels were significantly different at examination times for the whole cohort (P <0.05). No significant positive association among metabolic and inflammatory parameters at 12 months post‐therapy were found. Conclusion: Non‐surgical periodontal treatment improved and maintained the periodontal health of patients with well‐controlled diabetes, but no significant reduction of metabolic parameters was observed over a 1‐year period.     

烤瓷冠修复对非依赖型糖尿病患者牙周状况的影响

目的：研究非依赖型糖尿病患者经牙周基础治疗后,进行烤瓷冠修复对牙周情况的影响。方法：选择非依赖型糖尿病与非糖尿病患者各一组,经牙周基础治疗,对比两组在烤瓷冠修复前、修复后学年及1年的口腔菌斑指数（PLI）、牙龈指数（GI）、探诊出血指数（BI）、探诊深度（PD）和临床附着丧失（AL）5项指标。结果：统计学分析,两组病人牙周情况在修复前、修复后半年及1年均无显著性意义。结论：经良好的牙周基础治疗与口腔健康维护,烤瓷冠修复对糖尿病患者牙周情况影响甚微。     

Association between type 1 and type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease and tooth loss

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with increased prevalence and extent of periodontal disease and tooth loss compared with non-diabetic subjects within a homogeneous adult study population.
Material and Methods: T1DM, T2DM and non-diabetic subjects were recruited from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. Additionally, T1DM subjects were retrieved from a Diabetes Centre. The total study population comprised 145 T1DM and 2647 non-diabetic subjects aged 20–59 years, and 182 T2DM and 1314 non-diabetic subjects aged 50–81 years. Periodontal disease was assessed by attachment loss (AL) and the number of missing teeth.
Results: Multivariable regression revealed an association between T1DM ( p <0.001) and T2DM ( p <0.01) with mean AL after full adjustment. After age stratification ( p =0.04 for interaction), the effect of T2DM was only statistically significant in the 60–69-year-old subjects (B=0.90 (95% confidence intervals [95% CI]; 0.49, 1.31). T1DM was positively associated with tooth loss (adjusted, p <0.001). The association between T2DM and tooth loss was statistically significant only for females (odds ratios=1.60 [95% CI: 1.10, 2.33]).
Conclusions: Our study confirmed an association between both T1DM and T2DM with periodontitis and tooth loss. Therefore, oral health education should be promoted in diabetic subjects.     

Monocytic TNFα secretion patterns in IDDM patients with periodontal diseases*

Abstract The aim of the present study was to identify whether monocytic TNFα secretion patterns could serve as a potential phenotypic discriminator for periodontal disease susceptibility within insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. In 32 IDDM individuals the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated monocytic TNFα secretion dose-response characteristics were analyzed and related to two different periodontal status categories. Diabetics were divided into group A (gingivitis or mild periodontal disease) and group B (moderate to severe periodontal disease). In addition, 17 non-diabetic individuals with various degrees of periodontal disease served as control patients. Diabetics as a group had a significantly higher monocytic TNFα production in response to increasing Porphyromonas gingivalis A 7436 lipopolysaccharide concentrations (0, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 μg/ml) as compared to non-diabetic patients with gingivitis or adult periodontitis (p <0.05). A significant difference in the dose response was also noted in the level of TNFα secreted as a function of P. gingivalis LPS concentrations between group A and B diabetics, as determined by two-way repeated measurements ANOVA (p <0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the mean HbA_1C between the two diabetic groups, and the TNFα level was not significantly associated with the HbA_1C level within diabetic patients. These data suggest that the diabetic state results in an upregulated monocytic TNFα secretion phenotype (4.6-fold increase) which, in the presence of Gram-negative bacterial challenge, is associated with a more severe periodontal disease expression. In addition, approximately 40% (10 of 24) IDDM periodontitis patients in group B demonstrated a 62-fold elevation in TNFα secretion relative to non-diabetic gingivitis or periodontitis patients and a 13.5-fold increase relative to IDDM group A (gingivitis or mild periodontitis) patients.     

Inverse association between periodontitis and respiratory allergies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aim: In a general adult population, we have demonstrated an inverse association between periodontitis and respiratory allergies that is in line with the hygiene hypothesis suggesting a protective effect of infections against the development of allergies. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and respiratory allergies in a type 1 diabetes mellitus population. Material and Methods: The study population comprised 170 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 17–80 years. Respiratory allergies were present in 22 subjects. The attachment loss (AL) was measured. Periodontitis was defined according to the percentage of surfaces that exceeded 3 mm AL (healthy, mild, moderate, severe periodontal conditions). Results: Our adjusted analyses revealed an inverse association between periodontitis and respiratory allergies. For increasing AL, a trend towards a decreasing risk was present for respiratory allergies (p_trend<0.05). Compared with subjects with healthy periodontal conditions, individuals with severe periodontal conditions had the lowest risk of respiratory allergies [odds ratios (OR) 0.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.39)], followed by subjects with moderate AL [OR 0.14 (95% CI 0.03–0.63)] and mild AL [OR 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–1.08)]. Conclusion: There is a strong inverse association between periodontitis and respiratory allergies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. These findings further support the hygiene hypothesis.     

牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎患者血糖水平的影响

目的:观察牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎患者牙周炎症的控制和糖化血红蛋白的影响。方法:选取62例患者分为牙周治疗组(31例)和非牙周治疗组(31例),牙周治疗组给予牙周基础治疗和药物治疗,记录术前和术后8周龈沟出血指数(SBI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)、附着水平丧失(AL)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAIc)。非牙周治疗组仅给予药物治疗并记录治疗前及治疗后8周的PD、AL、HbAIc。结果:牙周治疗组PD、AL、HbAIc均有明显下降(P<0.01)。非牙周治疗组无显著性差异。结论:牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎患者具有良好的治疗反应。