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1.
Michael Van Ameringen Catherine Mancini William Simpson Beth Patterson 《CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics》2011,17(4):221-226
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a life‐long, chronic disorder, which has its onset in childhood and is associated with significant functional impairment. ADHD appears to be highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, however, literature is lacking concerning ADHD/anxiety comorbidity. To that end, we examined the prevalence of ADHD in an anxiety disorder sample. Consecutive patients referred to an anxiety disorders clinic completed a variety of anxiety disorder self‐report measures as well as the Adult ADHD self‐report scale and were clinically assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV, and the ADHD module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Of the 129 patients assessed, the rate of adult ADHD was 27.9%. The mean age of the sample was 33.1 ± 12.5 years, and the mean baseline CGI‐S was 4.6 ± 1.1 (moderate to marked severity). The majority of the sample was female (63.6%) and single (49.5%). The most common comorbid disorders associated with ADHD were major depressive disorder (53.8%), social phobia (38.5%), generalized anxiety disorder (23.1%), and impulse control disorders (30.8%). Individuals with ADHD had higher symptom severity scores for obsessive‐compulsive disorder, (P≤ 0.05) and for GAD (P≤ 0.05) and reported a significantly earlier age of onset for depression as compared to those without (P≤ 0.05). The prevalence of adult ADHD was higher in our anxiety disorders clinic sample than found in the general population. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Yunhye Oh Hyewon Park Seonwoo Kim Hye Seung Kim Yoo-Sook Joung Kyung Sue Hong Ji Hyun Baek 《Psychiatry investigation》2021,18(4):304
ObjectiveAdult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a heterogeneous clinical presentation with patients showing very frequent emotional problems. In the present study, patients with adult ADHD were subtyped based on their psychopathology using a person-centered approach. MethodsIn the present chart review study, detailed findings of psychological evaluation conducted as part of routine care were utilized. A total of 77 subjects with adult ADHD were included in the analysis. Detailed ADHD symptoms, psychiatric comorbid Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnoses, and severity of mood and anxiety symptoms were evaluated in the person-centered analysis. ResultsThree clusters were generated using clustering analysis. DSM comorbid conditions did not significantly impact the clustering. Cluster 1 consisted of ADHD combined presentation (ADHD-C) with less mood symptoms, cluster 2 of ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation and cluster 3 of ADHD-C with significant mood symptoms. Patients in cluster 3 had adulthood functional impairment more frequently compared with patients in cluster 1. Patients in cluster 3 showed recurrent thoughts of death and suicidal ideation more frequently compared with patients in cluster 1. ConclusionFurther studies are needed to confirm the relationships observed in the present study. 相似文献
3.
H. Huynh S. L. Luk R. Singh M. Pavuluri & J. Mathai 《Child and Adolescent Mental Health》1999,4(2):61-67
Many studies have demonstrated the short-term efficacy of stimulant drugs in decreasing the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, long-term studies have not shown a similar effect. In this study, we report an audit of the medium-term outcome of 50 children with ADHD referred to a mental health service and treated with stimulants for at least 6 months. A poor outcome group was identified consisting of 30% of the children. As a group, they received a significantly higher dose of stimulant. More studies, with prospective design, are required to examine the medium-term outcome of children with ADHD on medication. 相似文献
4.
目的 探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童脑血流改变与临床症状及智力的关系。方法用非采血法SPECT显像法测定65例ADHD及20例正常组全脑血流(CBF)、左右脑血流量及局部脑血流量,并分析其与临床症状及智力水平的相关性。结果 ①40%ADHD存在rCBF降低,降低区域分布频率为额叶>丘脑,尾状核>颞叶>枕叶、顶叶。②ADHD患儿临床症状越严重,CBF血流量降低越明显,两者呈正相关(r=0.4618,P<0.05)。③CBF血流量降低越显著,ADHD患儿智力水平越低下(r=0.5614,P<0.05)。结论 注意缺陷多动障碍患儿脑血流改变与临床症状及智力水平有一定相关性。 相似文献
5.
Need for Care and Life Satisfaction in Adult Substance Use Disorder Patients With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
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Linda M. Kronenberg MSc MANP RN Peter J. J. Goossens PhD MANP RN FEANS Derk M. van Etten MANP RN Theo van Achterberg PhD RN FEANS Wim van den Brink MD PhD 《Perspectives in psychiatric care》2015,51(1):4-15
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Se Hee Kim Doug Hyun Han Young Sik Lee Bung-Nyun Kim Jae Hoon Cheong Sang Ho Han 《Psychiatry investigation》2014,11(2):143-151
Objective
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with the deficit in executive functions. Playing Go involves many aspect of cognitive function and we hypothesized that it would be effective for children with ADHD.Methods
Seventeen drug naïve children with ADHD and seventeen age and sex matched comparison subjects were participated. Participants played Go under the instructor''s education for 2 hours/day, 5 days/week. Before and at the end of Go period, clinical symptoms, cognitive functions, and brain EEG were assessed with Dupaul''s ADHD scale (ARS), Child depression inventory (CDI), digit span, the Children''s Color Trails Test (CCTT), and 8-channel QEEG system (LXE3208, Laxtha Inc., Daejeon, Korea).Results
There were significant improvements of ARS total score (z=2.93, p<0.01) and inattentive score (z=2.94, p<0.01) in children with ADHD. However, there was no significant change in hyperactivity score (z=1.33, p=0.18). There were improvement of digit total score (z=2.60, p<0.01; z=2.06, p=0.03), digit forward score (z=2.21, p=0.02; z=2.02, p=0.04) in both ADHD and healthy comparisons. In addition, ADHD children showed decreased time of CCTT-2 (z=2.21, p=0.03). The change of theta/beta right of prefrontal cortex during 16 weeks was greater in children with ADHD than in healthy comparisons (F=4.45, p=0.04). The change of right theta/beta in prefrontal cortex has a positive correlation with ARS-inattention score in children with ADHD (r=0.44, p=0.03).Conclusion
We suggest that playing Go would be effective for children with ADHD by activating hypoarousal prefrontal function and enhancing executive function. 相似文献9.
Muslum Kul Fatih Unal Hasan Kandemir Bahram Sarkarati Kamer Kilinc Sultan Basmac? Kandemir 《Psychiatry investigation》2015,12(3):361-366
Objective
Oxidative metabolism is impaired in several medical conditions including psychiatric disorders, and this imbalance may be involved in the etiology of these diseases. The present study evaluated oxidative balance in pediatric and adolescent patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods
The study included 48 children and adolescents (34 male, 14 female) with ADHD who had no neurological, systemic, or comorbid psychiatric disorders, with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and 24 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (17 male and seven female).Results
TAS was significantly lower, and TOS and OSI were significantly higher in patients with ADHD than in healthy controls. Total antioxidant levels were lower in patients with comorbid ODD than in those with no comorbidity. No difference was found in TOS or OSI among the ADHD subtypes; however, TAS was higher in the attention-deficient subtype.Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that oxidative balance is impaired and oxidative stress is increased in children and adolescents with ADHD. This results are consistent with those of previous studies. 相似文献10.
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Abstract: In order to clarify the effects of methylphenidate on interpersonal relationships of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), data from sociometric tests conducted in 28 classes to which ADHD children belonged was analyzed, comparing patients who had a history of methylphenidate treatment with those who had not. It was suggested that ADHD children with a history of methylphenidate treatment had more favorable votes and fewer unfavorable ones than those without it. However, there were more isolated children among ADHD children with methylphenidate treatment than in those without it. The results are discussed in the light of previous findings in the literature and a hypothesis for methylphenidate induced isolation is proposed. 相似文献
12.
《Sleep medicine》2021
BackgroundSleep difficulties have been reported in up to 85% of children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD exhibit commonly sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) and experience more significant functional difficulties. Sleep difficulties have also been associated with SMD. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether SMD are associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD.MethodsWe assessed sleep difficulties using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and SMD using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) questionnaire. A total of 25 children with ADHD and atypical sensory profiles, 13 children with ADHD and typical sensory profiles and 38 children used as controls (all children aged 8–11 years) were included.ResultsSleep difficulties were detected in 86.4% of children with ADHD and atypical SSPs, as compared to 30.8% of children with ADHD and typical SSPs, and 16.7% of controls. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that children with ADHD and atypical SSPs had significantly increased odds for sleep difficulties as compared to controls (OR = 32.4; 95% CI 4.0–260.1, p = 0.001), while children with ADHD and typical SSPs were indistinguishable from controls. Suspected confounders (gender, age, mother's education, and stimulant therapy) did not contribute to sleep difficulties.ConclusionIn this pilot study, SMD were associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD. 相似文献
13.
Objective
The current study investigated the personality characteristics of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).Methods
Fifty mothers (average age of 38.1±4.2 years) of children with ADHD not having comorbidity (37 boys, 13 girls; average age of 8.5±1.9 years) and 59 mothers (average age of 38.1±2.7 years) of comparison children (37 boys, 13 girls; average age of 8.1±1.5 years) completed the Korean version of the MMPI. Only mothers whose psychiatric health was verified by the Structured Clinical Interview for axis-I DSM-IV disorders (SCID-IV) were included in current study.Results
After controlling for maternal age, maternal education level, children''s gender, age, and total and verbal intelligence quotient (IQ), the MMPI scores of the mothers of children with ADHD were significantly higher on the depression (D), hysteria (Hy) and psychasthenia (Pt) scales than those of the mothers of children in the comparison group.Conclusion
These results suggested that even psychologically healthy mothers of children with ADHD alone might be depressed, histrionic and anxious. 相似文献14.
Sung-Han Kang Mi-Sun Yum Eun-Hee Kim Hyo-Won Kim Tae-Sung Ko 《JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY》2015,11(1):20-25
Background and Purpose
To determine how cognitive function is related to epilepsy classification and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy of genetic or unknown etiology.Methods
The medical records of children aged 6-16 years with newly diagnosed epilepsy of genetic or unknown etiology were reviewed retrospectively. The Korean Education Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the Comprehensive Attention Test were used to evaluate intelligence and attention/executive function, respectively.Results
The data of a total of 149 children, 103 with focal seizures and 46 with generalized seizures, were reviewed. The prevalence of ADHD was 49.2% (59 out of 120 examined patients), and ADHD patients exhibited significantly worse auditory selective attention, flanker test results, and spatial working memory. Patients with generalized seizures exhibited significantly worse auditory selective and sustained attention than patients with focal seizures. In patients with generalized seizures, sustained attention, flanker test findings, and spatial working memory were found to be affected by ADHD, and auditory selective and sustained attention were significantly worse in patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and ADHD than in their counterparts without ADHD.Conclusions
Cognitive processes are affected by seizure type and comorbid ADHD. Proper characterization of these neuropsychiatric impairments may allow earlier intervention during the disease course. 相似文献15.
Samuel Kuperman Paul J. Perry Gary R. Gaffney Brian C. Lund Kristine A. Bever-Stille Stephan Arndt Timothy L. Holman David J. Moser Jane S. Paulsen 《Annals of clinical psychiatry》2001,13(3):129-134
Despite the increasing recognition of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, there are few controlled trials demonstrating the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, particularly with nonstimulants. One controlled trial found bupropion SR more effective than placebo in the treatment of ADHD adults. We conducted a controlled study to contrast the effectiveness of bupropion SR and methylphenidate to placebo in ADHD adults. A randomized, double-blind, parallel design was used in this study. Following a 7-day placebo lead-in, 30 ADHD (DSM-IV) subjects (18–60 years old) were randomized to bupropion, methylphenidate, or placebo for 7 weeks. Methylphenidate was titrated over 1 week to a maximum dose of 0.9 mg/kg/d divided into 3 doses while bupropion was titrated over 2 weeks to a maximum dose of 200 mg A.M. and 100 mg P.M. Response rates based on Clinical Global Impression improvement ratings in patients receiving bupropion, methylphenidate, and placebo were 64, 50, and 27%, respectively. The difference in response rates between active treatment and placebo was not statistically significant (p = 0.14). Neuropsychological testing demonstrated trends favoring drug treatment on measures of immediate recall and verbal fluency. While bupropion SR may be a viable clinical alternative for adults with ADHD, further investigation is needed. 相似文献
16.
目的 探讨颈内动脉狭窄患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(peripapillary r etinal n erve f iber l ayer,
pRNFL)、黄斑区神经节细胞复合体(ganglion cell complex,GCC)厚度的改变,RNFL缺损、GCC丢失比
例的情况。
方法 回顾分析2015年7月-2016年7月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院诊治的单侧颈内动脉重度
狭窄(≥70%)或闭塞患者的病例资料,并纳入经颈动脉超声检查明确颈内动脉无明显狭窄的健康者
作为对照组,通过光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检测病例组及对照组双眼
pRNFL及GCC厚度、RNFL缺损、GCC丢失比例。比较病例组狭窄同侧眼和对侧眼及对照组右眼的上述
数据的差异。
结果 共入组56例颈内动脉狭窄患者和56例对照组。颈内动脉狭窄同侧眼的p R N F L平均厚
度、黄斑区GCC平均厚度[(99.44±14.60)μm,(92.61±10.63)μm]较对侧眼[(107.01±9.96)μm,
(96.48±9.73)μm]均薄(P =0.008,P =0.047);较正常对照组眼的pRNFL平均厚度、黄斑区GCC平均
厚度([ 110.47±6.48)μm,(96.86±5.00)μm]均薄(P=0.001,P=0.013)。狭窄同侧眼出现RNFL缺损、
GCC丢失的比例(33.9%,53.6%)较对侧眼(12.5%,26.8%)均显著增高(P =0.007,P =0.004)。
结论 颈内动脉重度狭窄可导致pRNFL和GCC厚度变薄,通过OCT检查可以更早发现颈内动脉狭窄对
眼部血供的影响。 相似文献
17.
Adam R. Clarke Robert J. Barry Stuart J. Johnstone Rory McCarthy Mark Selikowitz 《Clinical neurophysiology》2019,130(8):1256-1262
ObjectiveAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders found in children. While an extensive literature has documented the EEG in this clinical population, few studies have investigated EEG throughout the lifespan in ADHD. This study aimed to investigate EEG maturational changes, in subjects with ADHD combined type, that spanned from childhood into adulthood.MethodTwenty five male adults with ADHD were assessed between the ages of 8–12 years and again as adults. At both ages, an EEG was recorded during an eyes-closed resting period, and power estimates were calculated for relative delta, theta, alpha and beta.ResultsAt the childhood assessment, the ADHD subjects had elevated posterior delta. Relative theta was elevated, with diminished alpha activity across all sites. Significant maturational changes were observed, with reductions in the delta and theta bands, and increases in the alpha and beta bands across all electrodes. In adulthood, relative to controls, diminished frontal delta and elevated global theta activity were apparent.ConclusionsSubstantial developmental changes occurred in the EEG of these subjects. These results identify important issues when using EEG as part of the diagnosis for ADHD.SignificanceThis study is the first to explore EEG changes from childhood to adulthood over an 11 year period in the same subjects with ADHD. 相似文献
18.
Kesler A Vakhapova V Korczyn AD Naftaliev E Neudorfer M 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2011,113(7):523-526
Objectives
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may represent a transition to early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is composed of axons originating in retinal ganglion cells that eventually form the optic nerves. Previous studies have shown that degenerative changes occur in optic nerve fibers and manifested as thinning of RNFL in patients with AD. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between MCI, AD and loss of RNFL.Patients and methods
In this study, patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for MCI (n = 24), AD (n = 30) and cognitively normal age-matched controls (n = 24) have undergone neuro-ophthalmologic and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations to measure RNFL thickness.Results
There was a significant decrease in RNFL thickness in both study groups (AD and MCI) compared to the control group, particularly in the inferior quadrants of the optic nerve head, while the superior quadrants were significantly thinner only in AD. Although AD patients may have more severe changes than MCI cases, the differences were statistically nonsignificant. Furthermore among AD patients, there was no relation to the severity of the dementia.Conclusions
Our data confirm the retinal involvement in AD, as reflected by loss of axons in the optic nerves. 相似文献19.
Bora Kim Min-Seong Koo Jin-Yong Jun Il Ho Park Dong-Yul Oh Keun-Ah Cheon 《Psychiatry investigation》2009,6(3):216-221
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between a variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism at the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a continuous performance test (CPT).Methods
This study included 72 ADHD children (mean age=9.39±2.05 years) who were recruited from one child psychiatric clinic. The omission errors, commission errors, reaction time and reaction standardization in the CPT were computed. The number of 48-base pairs tandem repeats in the exon III of DRD4 was analyzed in a blind manner.Results
The homozygosity of the 4-repeat allele at DRD4 was significantly associated with fewer commission errors (t=2.364, df=28.685, p=0.025) and standard deviation of reaction time (t=2.351, df=24.648, p=0.027) even after adjusting for age. The results of analyses of CPT measured values among three groups showed that the group with higher frequency of the 4-repeat allele showed a lower mean score of commission errors (F=4.268, df=2, p=0.018).Conclusion
These results suggest a protective role of 4-repeat allele of the DRD4 polymorphisms on commission errors in the CPT in children with ADHD. 相似文献20.
Jaewon Yang Byung-Moon Yoon Moon-Soo Lee Sook-Haeng Joe In-Kwa Jung Seung-Hyun Kim 《Psychiatry investigation》2012,9(3):263-268