18F-前列腺特异性膜抗原-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-胆碱PET/CT显像及单光子发射计算机断层成像术骨显像对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断价值比较

目的探讨¹⁸F-前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)-1007标记的正电子发射体层显像融合计算机体层显像技术(PET/CT)显像、11C-胆碱(11C-CHO)PET/CT显像及单光子发射计算机断层成像术(SPECT)骨显像在前列腺癌骨转移诊断上的差异。方法回顾性分析2018年9月至2020年7月北部战区总医院核医学科收治的43例男性前列腺癌患者的临床资料,年龄(77.47±11.87)岁,年龄范围为55~89岁。所有患者行¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT显像及SPECT骨显像检查。分别统计¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT及SPECT骨显像诊断骨转移的阳性例数和阴性例数,计算三种方法各自的灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算并比较各自曲线下面积(AUC),评价三种检查方法对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断效能。结果 43例前列腺癌患者中,27例患者出现骨转移。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像示26例患者发生骨转移,漏诊1例;11C-CHO PET/CT显像示24例患者发生骨转移,误诊1例,漏诊4例;SPECT骨显像示23例患者发生骨转移,误诊3例,漏诊7例,三者诊断前列腺癌骨转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为96.3%(26/27)、100%(16/16)、97.7%(42/43);85.2%(23/27)、93.8%(15/16)、88.4%(38/43);74.1%(20/27)、81.3%(13/16)、76.7%(33/43)。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT和SPECT骨显像ROC曲线的AUC和95%CI分别为0.981(0.885~1.000)、0.913(0.763~0.967)、0.777(0.624~0.889)。三种检查的AUC曲线下面积进行两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验对27例患者三种方法检出的骨转移灶的数量进行两两比较发现,¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像与SPECT骨显像比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.484,P=0.013),¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像与11C-CHO PET/CT显像比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.160,P=0.873);11C-CHO PET/CT显像与SPECT骨显像比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.085,P=0.037)。结论 PET/CT显像较SPECT骨显像能发现更多的骨转移灶。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的灵敏度、特异度及准确性高于其他两种检查方式。在低前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的情况下,能够精确地对前列腺癌骨转移做出诊断。     

Applications and software techniques for integrated cardiac multimodality imaging

Several imaging technologies are available for diagnostic cardiac imaging, such as coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each of these techniques offers unique advantages, but also suffers from specific limitations. Software techniques are being developed to combine cardiac images from different modalities and generate composite multimodality images, allowing better diagnosis than that possible from images analyzed separately. Hybrid scanners (SPECT/CT and PET/CT) have also been proposed for integrated cardiac imaging. Physicians are presented with integrated fused images that contain complementary information from separate scans containing physiological and anatomical information. In this review, we present the latest approaches for integration of cardiac images from multiple modalities.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在胃癌术后复发和转移中的诊断价值

目的：探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像在胃癌术后复发及转移灶诊断中的价值。方法：胃癌术后患者112例,共行PET/CT检查150例次,图像分析采用视觉及半定量分析法（SUVave）,病灶根据病理学检查结果、多种影像学检查手段及临床随访确诊,随访时间半年以上。结果：112例患者中,16例存在肿瘤复发和转移,PET/CT诊断残胃复发的灵敏度为81.2%,特异性100%,准确性97.3%。复发病灶SUVave为4.4±1.2,吻合口炎性病灶SUVave为2.6±0.5,两者差异显著（t=3.9370,P=0.0005）。PET/CT诊断胃癌术后肿瘤转移的灵敏度94.1%、特异性96.7%和准确性95.5%。26例行两次以上PET/CT检查,第一次PET/CT检查发现复发或转移15例,经放化疗后6例PET显像示病情好转,随访6个月至2年患者均存活;9例治疗后PET显像示病情无明显变化或者出现新病灶,患者存活时间为3个月至1年。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT在胃癌术后复发和转移中有很好的诊断价值,并在监测胃癌术后复发放化疗疗效有一定的价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT features of ureteral metastases from breast cancer: a case report

Breast cancer metastasis to the ureter is rare. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) is widely used to identify primary lesions of metastatic tumours, however, 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging features of ureteral metastasis from breast cancer are rarely reported. Herein, the case of a 46-year-old woman with recurrent left flank pain for 5 months, who was admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, is described. She had undergone right radical mastectomy 5 years previously and had received tamoxifen treatment for 5 years. Assessment by 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed tumours on the ureter presenting as a long segmental lesion, radioactive concentrations, and a low maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), with no radioactive concentrations in the urine and no significant change in the ureteral contour. The severity of the ureteral lesion was not consistent with the severity of hydronephrosis. A tumour biopsy was performed laparoscopically, and postoperative pathological examination confirmed a primary breast cancer tumour. The patient did not consent to treatment and was lost to follow-up.     

18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings of bilateral primary fallopian tube carcinoma and metastasis to the uterus: a case report and literature review

Existing literature on primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is limited because of the rarity of this disease. We report a patient with intermittent vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge who underwent transvaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-F FDG PET/CT) in our hospital. Ultrasound showed a bilateral fallopian tube mass and a uterine lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed typical sausage-shaped bilateral adnexal masses, but overlooked a small lesion in the uterus in the initial diagnosis. FDG PET/CT findings not only showed bilateral fallopian tube masses and uterine lesions, but also ruled out distant metastasis. Postoperative pathology confirmed bilateral primary high-grade serous adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube with implants in the uterus. These findings suggest that 18-F FDG PET/CT imaging could be a good approach for the diagnosis and staging of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube.     

Staging and follow-up of gastrointestinal tumors with PET/CT

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality that has been documented to be useful in patient care. Oncologic PET imaging is used for a wide variety of neoplasms, mainly for staging and follow-up, differentiation of equivocal morphologic findings, therapy stratification, and monitoring. Because PET imaging is based on the physiologically mediated distribution of the administered tracer but not on anatomic information, the addition of computed tomography (CT) to PET may improve the interpretation of PET. Combined PET and CT offers several potential advantages over PET alone that may influence the clinical routine. PET/CT was introduced into clinical use only 3 years ago and has found widespread application within only 1 to 2 years. This article summarizes preliminary data of clinical applications for PET/CT in gastrointestinal tumors.     

Skeletal scintigraphy as an important complement for detecting bone metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Bone metastasis occurs frequently in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Although fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) has been proven to be more sensitive at detecting bone metastases than Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate skeletal scintigraphy in pretreatment patients with NPC in most clinical settings, there have been metastatic lesions that were positive on skeletal scintigraphy but negative on PET/CT scans. Herein, we report the case of a patient with stage IV NPC that manifested as multiple metabolically abnormal lesions on pretreatment skeletal scintigraphy and were considered malignant although they were negative on PET/CT examination. Follow-up evaluations with both skeletal scintigraphy and PET/CT scans as post-therapeutic imaging are also presented.     

整合素受体显像99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT用于非小细胞肺癌诊断及淋巴结分期的价值

  目的  通过与¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT比较, 前瞻性评估整合素α_vβ₃受体显像^99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT对非小细胞肺癌诊断及淋巴结分期的价值。  方法  前瞻性纳入2011年2月至2012年12月北京协和医院知情同意参与研究的65例肺占位病变患者。其中男41例, 女24例, 平均年龄(60±11)岁。患者在1周内分别行^99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT和¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查。完成病理诊断后, 随访至死亡或随访至少2年。用受试者工作特征曲线、Z检验、卡方检验比较两种方法对肺内病灶及纵隔淋巴结的诊断效能。  结果  53例患者共65个病灶经病理证实为非小细胞肺癌, 12例患者共14个病灶诊断为良性病变。基于美国癌症联合委员会/国际抗癌联盟纵隔分区, 248个区域有肿瘤转移淋巴结, 56个区域有良性淋巴结。在诊断纵隔淋巴结转移方面, ^99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT特异性显著高于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT(94.6%比75.0%, P=0.008), 而两者的敏感性差异无统计学意义(88.3%比90.7%, P=0.557)。两种方法对肺内病变的诊断效能差异无统计学意义(Z=0.82, P=0.410)。  结论  整合素受体显像^99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT在诊断淋巴结转移方面具有较高的特异性, 可能弥补¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT的不足, 在肺癌手术决策方面具有更大价值。     

肺癌骨转移SPECT/CT融合图像的影像学特点分析

目的:探讨99 Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(methylene diphosphonate,MDP)单光子发射计算机断层/CT(single photon emission computed tomography/spiral computed tomography,SPECT/CT)所显示的肺癌骨转移病灶的图像特点及SPECT/CT显像对肺癌骨转移的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析113例病理证实为肺癌、初次全身骨显像及SPECT/CT显像诊断为肺癌骨转移的患者的骨转移病灶的SPECT/CT图像特点,经病理诊断或再次全身骨显像及SPECT/CT显像随访确认,分析SPECT/CT显像所示肺癌骨转移病灶的部位、数量、放射性分布及CT表现的特点。结果:113例患者共482处病灶纳入本研究,肺癌骨转移病灶429处。肺癌骨转移病灶中位于脊柱者占50.6%(217/429),胸廓者占29.1%(125/429),骨盆者占17.0%(73/429),四肢者占2.1%(9/429),颅骨者占1.2%(5/429)。肺癌骨转移病灶SPECT/CT图像表现为放射性异常浓聚者占90.7%(389/429),无放射性分布异常者占9.3%(40/429);CT图像表现为成骨性转移者占41.0%(176/429),溶骨性转移者占50.3%(216/429),混合性(兼有溶骨和成骨)转移者占4.0%(17/429),骨质形态学正常者占4.7%(20/429)。113例患者中有23例患者同时伴有良性病灶,共53处。结论:肺癌骨转移的部位以脊柱居首,胸廓次之;肺腺癌患者容易发生骨转移,以成骨性转移多见。SPECT/CT诊断肺癌骨转移病灶的敏感度和特异性均较高。     

SPECT vs. PET monitoring of bone defect healing and biomaterial performance in vivo

Quantification of the bone healing processes by X‐ray‐based methods becomes inaccurate in the presence of radiopaque synthetic materials. In this study, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) were compared as alternatives to follow in vivo bone healing in a rat calvarial defect model. SPECT/computed tomography (CT) following administration of ^99mtechnetium‐labelled hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (^99mTc‐HDP) and PET/CT data with ¹⁸F‐fluoride were acquired up to 10 weeks after surgery. New bone formation was then confirmed by histology. Computed tomography scans allowed visualization of untreated bone defect healing; however, no information was gathered in presence of the ceramic. Positron emission tomography provided superior data compared with SPECT. The ¹⁸F‐fluoride uptake increased significantly up to 4 weeks after surgery, declining thereafter until the last time‐point. In vivo performances of porous versus dense ceramic scaffolds were also evaluated by PET, with a significantly higher uptake registered within the porous scaffolds. In conclusion, PET is a valuable tool for qualitative/quantitative follow‐up of bone healing around radiopaque bone substitutes in vivo. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在结直肠癌术后血清癌胚抗原阳性患者中的临床应用

目的探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检测结直肠癌术后血清癌胚抗原（CEA）阳性患者中复发和转移灶的价值。 方法回顾性分析60例结直肠癌术后CEA阳性且接受PET/CT检查的患者,将PET/CT检出结果与病理及随访结果进行比较。 结果¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断阳性50例,假阳性1例;阴性10例,假阴性3例。PET/CT诊断结直肠癌术后CEA阳性患者复发和转移灶的灵敏度为94.2%（49/52）,特异度为87.5%（7/8）,阳性预测值为98.0%（49/50）,阴性预测值为70.0%（7/10）,准确率为93.3%（56/60）。 结论¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT在结直肠癌术后血清CEA阳性患者中有较高的临床应用价值,其对复发及转移灶的检测具有较高的灵敏度、特异度及准确率。     

前列腺癌患者全身核素骨显像与病理分级及PSA关系分析

目的 探讨单光子发射型计算机断层(ECT)全身核素骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移的价值,以及前列腺癌发生骨转移的规律及与病理分级、PSA(前列腺癌糖蛋白抗原)之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析142例前列腺癌患者资料.术前均测定血清PSA水平及全身骨ECT检查,术后病理分级.结果 142例前列腺癌患者,全身骨显像中107例有骨转移(占75 35%),骨转移好发部位为脊柱(87例,占30 96%)和骨盆(84例,占29 89%).PSA越高骨转移发生率越大,肿瘤分化程度越低骨转移发生率亦相应增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0 01).结论 全身骨扫描诊断前列腺癌骨转移有重要价值,前列腺癌血清PSA值、病理分级与前列腺癌骨转移发生率相关.     

Decision-tree analysis for cost-effective management of solitary pulmonary nodules in China

AIM: To analyze the cost-effectiveness of the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule(SPN) in China. METHODS: Decision analysis models were constructed to assess the cost-effectiveness of four strategies for the management of SPN: computed tomography(CT) alone, CT plus CT-guided automated cutting needle biopsy(ACNB), CT plus positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT), CT plus diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWI) plus PET/CT. RESULTS: The prevalence of lung cancer among SPN discovered in the clinical setting was approximately 50%. The CT plus ACNB strategy had higher diagnostic accuracies(87% vs 81%), with a cost saving of $1945 RMB per patient, and reducing unnecessary thoracotomy by 16.5%; this was associated with a 4.5% missed diagnosis rate. CT plus DWI plus PET/CT strategy also had higher accuracies(95% vs 81%), with a cost saving of $590 RMB per patient, and reducing unneces-sary thoracotomy by 13.5%; this was accompanied by 0.3% missed diagnosis rate. CT plus PET strategy is cost effective at a prevalence rate of 0-34%, but there was a larger prevalence range of lung cancer for CT plus ACNB strategy(from 0 to 0.6) and CT plus DWI plus PET/CT strategy(from 0 to 0.64). CONCLUSION: CT plus DWI plus PET/CT strategy was cost-effective, and had a higher accuracy accompanied by a lower missed diagnosis rate than CT plus ACNB strategy.     

Liver metastases from colorectal cancer: imaging with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MR imaging,computed tomography and positron emission tomography

The literature about superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging, computed tomography (CT) and PET (positron emission tomography using fluorine-18 labelled fluoro-deoxy-glucose) in detection of liver metastases (LM) from colorectal cancer is reviewed in this update. Special emphasis is given to studies with surgical standard of reference allowing for the lesion-by-lesion sensitivity to be determined. Based on the review, it is concluded that state-of-the-art anatomical imaging, e.g., SPIO-enhanced MR imaging and multidetector CT (MDCT), must be considered more sensitive than PET in detection of individual LM, due to technical developments in MR imaging, such as liver specific contrast agents, modern sequences and high performance gradients, and in modern MDCT have increased the performance of these modalities. MR imaging with a liver specific contrast agent is recommended for the preoperative evaluation before liver surgery for LM because of high sensitivity and better discrimination between small LM and cysts compared to MDCT. PET or PET/CT can be used for detection of extra-hepatic tumor before liver surgery.     

Hemolymphangioma with multiple hemangiomas in liver of elderly woman with history of gynecological malignancy: A case report

BACKGROUNDHepatic hemolymphangioma is an extremely rare benign congenital malformation composed of cystically dilated lymphatic and blood vessels, and they have nonspecific clinical symptoms and laboratory results. In this study, hepatic hemolymphangioma with multiple hemangiomas in an elderly woman was initially reported and analyzed.CASE SUMMARYA 61-year-old female patient, with a history of hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, was referred to the hepatobiliary surgery department with the complaint of multiple hepatic hemangiomas that had been diagnosed 2 years prior in a preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) examination. Upon entering our hospital, no abnormal physical examination and laboratory data were found. The latest CECT revealed a new 7.0 cm × 6.2 cm cystic-solid lesion with multiple internal divisions in segment II of the liver, with delayed CECT enhancement characteristics that presented as solid parts with internal division. On the positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, no significant uptake of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucse was observed. Finally, hepatic hemolymphangioma was confirmed based on the pathological and immunohistochemical results after surgery. At 1-year follow-up, her posthepatectomy evaluation was uneventful, and she had recovered full activity. In addition, no postoperative recurrent or residual lesion was found on CECT imaging.CONCLUSIONHepatic hemolymphangioma with multiple hemangiomas was reported and observed by CECT and PET/CT imaging.     

Relative clinical utility of simultaneous 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI and PET/CT for preoperative cervical cancer diagnosis

ObjectiveTo investigate the utility of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) for the preoperative diagnosis of cervical cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 114 patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer and underwent PET/MRI (n = 59) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) (n = 65) before surgery. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUV_max) and mean SUV (SUV_mean) were determined for regions of interest in the resultant radiographic images.ResultsRelative to PET/CT, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI exhibited higher specificity and sensitivity in defining the primary tumor bounds and higher sensitivity for detection of bladder involvement. The SUV_max and SUV_mean of PET/MRI were remarkably higher than those of PET/CT as a means of detecting primary tumors, bladder involvement, and the lymph node status. However, no significant differences in these values were detected when comparing the two imaging approaches as a means of detecting vaginal involvement or para-aortic lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsThese outcomes may demonstrate the capability of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI to clarify preoperative cervical cancer diagnoses in the context of unclear PET/CT findings. However, studies directly comparing SUVs in different lesion types from patients who have undergone both PET/MRI and PET/CT scans are essential to validate and expand upon these findings.     

18F-NaF PET/CT 显像与99mTc-MDP SPECT 骨显像对乳腺癌患者骨转移诊断的对比研究

目的:探讨18F-NaF PET/CT显像与99mTc-MDP SPECT显像对乳腺癌患者骨转移的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析2017年12月-2019年6月间我院收治的乳腺癌患者35例.所有患者均在2周内行18F-NaF PET/CT显像与99mTc-MDP SPECT显像,以病理结果、X线、CT、MRI、临床随访等综...     

Performance of 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-glucose Positron Emission Tomography and Integrated PET/CT in Restaged Breast Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the clinical stage derived from 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to that of integrated PET/computed tomography (CT) in restaged breast cancer patients. PROCEDURES: Fifty-eight female patients (age range 29-80 years, mean age +/-SD, 53.3 +/- 11.7 years) underwent PET/CT restaging for breast cancer. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians interpreted PET images. A radiologist was added for reading PET/CT studies. A patient-based analysis was performed. Histopathological findings, correlative imaging studies, changes in number, size, and hypermetabolic activity of suspicious lesions and/or patient outcome served as standard of reference for determining the diagnostic accuracy of both modalities. RESULTS: PET staged 79.3% (46/58) of the patients correctly, overstaged seven (12.1%), and understaged five patients (8.6%). Integrated PET/CT staged 89.7% (52/58) of the patients correctly, overstaged four (6.9%), and understaged two patients (3.4%). The staging accuracy of PET/CT was not significantly better than that of PET alone (p = 0.059). Lesions exhibiting mild hypermetabolic activity, benign inflammatory lesions, and physiological variants largely explained incorrect PET findings. CONCLUSION: Integrated PET/CT only marginally improves the restaging accuracy over PET alone (p = 0.059) in breast cancer patients.     

18F-FDG PET-CT在食管癌放射治疗靶区勾画中的应用进展

放射治疗是食管癌的重要治疗方法,而精准的靶区勾画是决定放射治疗疗效的前提和基础,靶区勾画是以CT为基础的多种影像学信息资料,本文将对正电子发射断层显像(PET-CT)分子功能影像在食管癌及其转移淋巴结的靶区勾画中的应用进行综述,以充分发挥PET-CT在食管癌原发病灶及淋巴结转移靶区勾画方面的重要作用。     

I-124-PET/US Fusion Imaging in Comparison to Conventional Diagnostics and Tc-99m Pertechnetate SPECT/US Fusion Imaging for the Function Assessment of Thyroid Nodules

The purpose of this study is to investigate I-124 positron emission tomography (PET)/ultrasound (US) fusion imaging for function assessment of thyroid nodules. In 70 patients, 201 lesions were examined with conventional diagnostics (CD) (thyroid US, laboratory findings and Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy), Tc-99m pertechnetate single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and I-124 PET/computed tomography (CT). Subsequently, US fusion imaging (SPECT/US and PET/US) was performed by three experienced investigators. Patients referred for thyroid diagnostics in a clinical routine setting were included in this study if CD produced equivocal results. PET/US was superior to CD and SPECT/US in 96% and 86%, respectively, and ambiguous findings in CD were clarified by PET/US in 96% of the 70 patients. Regarding nodule-based function assessment, 10% (66%), 39% (14%) and 71% (4%) of the 201 lesions were rated with absolute certainty (equivocal or uncertain) using CD, SPECT/US and PET/US, respectively (p < 0.001). PET/US has the potential to improve the function assessment of thyroid nodules in comparison to CD.