Acute coronary syndrome with severe atherosclerotic and hyperthyroidism: A case report

BACKGROUNDAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of cardiovascular emergencies arising from the obstruction of coronary artery blood flow and acute myocardial ischemia. Recent studies have revealed that thyroid function is closely related to ACS. However, only a few reports of thyrotoxicosis-induced ACS with severe atherosclerosis have been reported.CASE SUMMARYA 33-year-old man, who had a history of hyperthyroidism without taking any antithyroid drugs and no history of coronary heart disease, experienced neck pain with occasional heart palpitations starting 3 mo prior that were aggravated after an activity. As the symptoms worsened at 21 d prior, he went to a hospital for treatment. The electrocardiogram examination showed a multilead ST segment elevation and pathological Q waves. Based on these findings and his symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with a suspected myocardial infarction and transferred to our hospital on July 2, 2020. He was diagnosed with a rare case of ACS due to coronary artery atherosclerosis in the anterior descending artery complicated by hyperthyroidism. A paclitaxel-coated drug balloon was used for treatment to avoid the use of metal stents, thus reducing the time of antiplatelet therapy and facilitating the continued treatment of hyperthyroidism. The 9-mo follow-up showed favorable results.CONCLUSIONThis case highlights that atherosclerosis is a cause of ACS that cannot be ignored even in a patient with hyperthyroidism.     

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Long-term Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events

PurposeDual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y₁₂ inhibitor is currently recommended to prevent further ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Guidelines currently recommend a minimum of 6 months after elective drug-eluting stent placement and at least 12 months of DAPT after ACS; however, the benefits of prolonged treatment are unclear. The purpose of this review was to conduct a detailed examination of the data refuting or supporting the use of DAPT beyond 1 year in patients with ACS and in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting.MethodsA search of PubMed was performed to identify articles published in the last 20 years that addressed the role of DAPT beyond 12 months’ duration.FindingsA number of studies have shown ischemic benefits associated with prolonging DAPT beyond 12 months, but this finding is dependent on the patient population studied and the quality of the study design. Many studies also show that longer duration therapy has been associated with increased bleeding risk. In patients with previous myocardial infarction completing at least 1 year of DAPT, continuing DAPT with a reduced dose of ticagrelor 60 mg BID is a regimen to be considered for these patients; in general ACS patients, a reduced dose of 60 mg BID of ticagrelor after the first year of DAPT should be considered; and in the post–percutaneous coronary intervention patients, DAPT beyond 1 year should be considered after careful evaluation of the patient's thrombotic and bleeding risks.ImplicationsThe duration of DAPT, and the choice of P2Y₁₂ inhibitor, should be tailored to the individual patient. To optimize patient outcomes, the benefits and risks associated with prolonging DAPT need to be evaluated, considering comorbidities and the presence of bleeding and ischemic risk factors. Despite some limitations, risk scores, such as the DAPT score, are available to help guide decisions for the best approach for each patient.     

Physical therapy in the treatment of chronic headache

Careful evaluation of the chronic headache patient can reveal the presence or absence of musculoskeletal factors to be causative or contributory to the headache condition. This article presents a review of the literature surrounding physical findings in patients with cervicogenic and musculoskeletal sources of pain and specific treatment with physical therapy. Included in the discussion is the identification of muscular and joint involvement in a given headache, the relevance of postural, range of motion, and strength deficits, and appropriate individualized treatment strategies with a review of relevant outcome studies. Possible mechanisms for treatment effects also are considered.     

替格瑞洛治疗非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征的临床效果

目的探讨替格瑞洛治疗非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者的临床效果。方法将2017年10月至2019年4月我科室收治的60例NSTE-ACS患者随机分为对照组(氯吡格雷)与观察组(替格瑞洛),各30例。比较两组的临床效果。结果治疗后,两组的ET-1、NT-proBNP水平、血小板聚集率、LVEDD均降低,NO水平、LVEF均升高,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组MACCE发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论替格瑞洛可改善NSTE-ACS患者血管内皮功能和心功能,降低其血小板聚集率及MACCE发生率而不增加出血风险。     

Successful optical coherence tomography-guided treatment in a 19-year-old patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction caused by plaque erosion

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is a type of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and its pathophysiological mechanism is formation of lipid plaques. We report a 19-year-old patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction caused by plaque erosion, but he did not have any common traditional risk factors of lipid plaques. His treatment was guided by optical coherence tomography. He received successful treatment and had a good prognosis. Optical coherence tomography can be used to help understand the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and visualize the real lumen.     

Precordial Steering Wheel: A Fortunate Accident

Background: Myocardial ischemia has been associated with motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). However, we were unable to find reported cases of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) leading to ventricular tachyarhythmia and subsequent MVC. In such patients, decisions regarding antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy need to balance the risk of ongoing myocardial ischemia and hemorrhage. Objectives: To describe a case of STEMI and ventricular fibrillation (VF) associated with a head-on MVC, and to describe the management decisions involved in the care of such a patient. Case report: A 47-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department after a single-car head-on collision with a wall at high speed. He had a facial degloving injury as well as right-sided flail chest. An electrocardiogram demonstrated ST-segment elevation in the inferior and anterior leads. Due to the patient's significant traumatic injuries, he underwent a rapid trauma evaluation and was transferred for emergent cardiac catheterization, which demonstrated evidence of plaque rupture in the right coronary artery (RCA). Flow distal to the lesion was preserved, so stent implantation was initially deferred out of concern for hemorrhage secondary to the aggressive antiplatelet and antithrombotic regimen requisite with stent implantation. The patient then went into VF in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, and repeat angiography demonstrated an occluded RCA, and the patient underwent successful stent implantation. Conclusion: The management of STEMI in the setting of trauma is complex. Pharmacologic agents used in STEMI increase the risk of bleeding, and management must balance the risk of prolonged ischemia with the risk of hemorrhage.     

Cost-Effectiveness of 12-Month Treatment With Ticagrelor Compared With Clopidogrel in the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background

The PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) randomized trial (NCT00391872) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) reported that ticagrelor (in addition to aspirin) reduced the rate of the composite end point of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or cardiovascular death compared with clopidogrel (in addition to aspirin) by 16% over 12 months (P < 0.001). No significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding was noted, but ticagrelor was associated with a higher rate of major bleeding not related to coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective

By extrapolating the key findings of PLATO, we sought to assess the cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in the management of ACS in a contemporary Australian setting.

Methods

A Markov model with 4 health states (free from further ACS events, MI, stroke, and death) was developed to simulate the long-term costs and outcomes associated with ACS. Event risks were based on data derived directly from PLATO, and costs and utilities were drawn from published sources. A 10-year time horizon was simulated, and future costs and benefits were discounted at a 5% annual rate. However, treatment with ticagrelor and clopidogrel was only assumed for the first 12 months, with no benefits applied beyond drug cessation. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken based on variations to key data inputs. All costs for resource use applied in the analysis were based on published Australian prices (in 2010/2011 dollars [A$]).

Results

Over 10 years, the estimated quality-adjusted life-years lived per-patient were 5.74 and 5.68 for ticagrelor and clopidogrel, respectively. Net costs were A$19,132 for ticagrelor and A$18,428 for clopidogrel. These equated to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of A$9031 per quality-adjusted life-year gained for ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel. Sensitivity analyses indicated the result to be robust.

Conclusions

When assessed from the perspective of the Australian health care system, ticagrelor is likely to be cost-effective compared with clopidogrel in preventing downstream morbidity and mortality associated with ACS.     

主动脉瓣关闭不全患者冠脉造影术后并发症的护理

目的 总结主动脉瓣关闭不全患者行冠状动脉造影术后并发症的护理措施。方法 用Judkins法行冠状动脉造影，记录术后出现的并发症，并施予相应护理。结果 23例老年患者手术成功率为100％，术后心绞痛发生率4．3％、出血发生率13．0％、血管迷走神经反射发生率4．3％、排尿困难发生率21．7％。以上并发症经及时采取护理措施均得到缓解。结论 主动脉瓣关闭不全患者进行冠状动脉造影检查术后有一定的并发症发生率，尤其易发生出血和排尿困难，但是可以预防和治疗。     

Tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction with ST-segment elevation after central spinal cord injury: a case report

The etiology of a novel cardiac syndrome called "tako-tsubo" cardiomyopathy, otherwise known as "acute onset and reversible left ventricular apical wall motion abnormality (ballooning)," is very similar to that of acute myocardial infarction; however, it may also be associated with emotional or physical stress. We report a case of tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction with ST-segment elevation after trauma. A 69-year-old man was transferred to our hospital after a fall in which he injured his back. He was diagnosed with a central spinal cord injury and was admitted to our Intensive Care Unit. He complained of a sudden chest pain 12 h after the injury. ST-segment elevation was observed on the electrocardiographic monitor, and subsequent 12-lead electrocardiogram demonstrated ST-segment elevation in leads V(2) through V(5). We considered acute myocardial infarction or cardiac contusion to be the cause of this event; therefore, an emergency coronary angiography was performed. However, the angiography revealed no significant coronary artery stenosis. Furthermore, left ventriculography demonstrated severe hypokinesis of the left ventricular apical region, consistent with tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction. The patient's cardiac function improved gradually, and he was discharged from our hospital on the 18(th) day after admission. Physicians should recognize the syndrome of tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction, which may result from traumatic stress or chest injury.     

Acute coronary syndrome after cannabis use: Correlation with quantitative toxicology testing

Excluding ethanol, cannabis is the most commonly used drug in the United States and worldwide. Several published case series and reports have demonstrated an association between cannabis use and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We report the first ever published case of ACS precipitated by cannabis use that was confirmed with concomitant rising quantitative plasma levels of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a secondary metabolite of cannabis. A 63-year-old non-tobacco smoking male with no prior medical history presented to the emergency department with chest pain immediately after smoking cannabis, and anterior ST-segment elevation pattern was observed on his electrocardiogram. He was taken to the cardiac catheterization lab for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of his left anterior descending artery, whereupon he developed hemodynamically significant accelerated idioventricular rhythm necessitating intra-aortic balloon pump placement. He underwent two further PCI procedures during his inpatient stay and was discharged in improved condition after eight days. Two sequential quantitative plasma cannabis metabolite assays at time of arrival then 6?h later were 24?ng/mL then 39?ng/mL, an increase of 63%, which implicated the patient's acute cannabis use as a precipitant of ACS. We also discuss the putative pharmacologic mechanisms behind cannabis use and ACS. Clinicians caring for patients using cannabis who have vascular disease and/or risk factors should be aware of this potentially deleterious association, as cessation of cannabis use could be important for their cardiac rehabilitation and long-term health.     

A case of myocardial infarction due to acute left main coronary artery occlusion presenting with peculiar electrocardiographic changes

Myocardial infarction (MI) due to acute obstruction of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is a medical emergency, requiring early and prompt diagnosis and revascularization, and unless it is treated, it will frequently result in cardiogenic shock, which has a high fatality rate. Our case focused on a patient, who was transferred to our hospital relatively late due to peculiar ECG. He had acute MI, and was in cardiogenic shock. ECG is the easiest diagnostic method in the early diagnosis of the acute coronary syndromes and in deciding on the early invasive intervention in the high risk group. Before he was sent to us, the patient had an ECG showing right bundle branch block (RBBB) and a AVR ST segment elevation. At the time of the urgent coronary angiography, it was noticed that the LMCA was totally occluded. This case has been presented in order to emphasize that peculiar changes might bring about devastating consequences as in our rare case, showing acute left main coronary artery occlusion, and ST segment elevation only in the AVR on the 12-lead ECG along with upward deflection of ST segment vector might be critical for accurate diagnosis.     

替格瑞洛治疗氯吡格雷低反应患者的有效性及安全性分析

目的 观察替格瑞洛对氯吡格雷低反应急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndromes,ACS)患者治疗的有效性及安全性。方法 选择2013年1月至2014年6月应用氯吡格雷75 mg/d治疗的ACS经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者493例,用血栓弹力图测定血小板聚集率,根据血小板聚集率筛选出氯吡格雷低反应患者173例,采用数字随机法分为氯吡格雷组(n=87)和替格瑞洛组(n=86)。氯吡格雷组继续服用氯吡格雷(75 mg/d),替格瑞洛组将氯吡格雷替换为替格瑞洛(90 mg,2次/d)。主要终点事件为治疗3天、7天、30天二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集率变化情况,次要终点事件为主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)及出血的发生率。结果 替格瑞洛组3天、7天、30天血小板聚集率分别为(56.7±12.5)%、(54.1±12.3)%、(53.2±15.3)%显著低于氯吡格雷组(87.7±14.3)%、(85.4±12.7)、(84.9±10.7)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对所有患者随访12个月,替格瑞洛组MACCE及出血的发生率显著低于氯吡格雷组(P<0.05)。而两组出血发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 对于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的氯吡格雷低反应患者接受替格瑞洛治疗后能获得理想的抗血小板效果,且替格瑞洛是有效、安全可信赖的药物。     

Antiplatelet therapy - ticagrelor

Ticagrelor, a cyclopentyltriazolopyrimidine (CPTP), is the representative of a new chemical class of P2Y(12) receptor inhibitors that differ from thienopyridines (ticlopidin, clopidogrel, prasugrel) as ticagrelor is not a prodrug requiring active biotransformation by cytochromes in the liver and thus is characterized by a more rapid, more effective and more consistent platelet inhibition than ticlopidin or clopidogrel. An extensive study program for dose finding and safety for AZD6140 (DISPERSE studies) and a large-scaled phase III trial (PLATO) were undertaken on more than 18,000 patients for validation of efficacy and safety. In the PLATO trial, patients presenting with the broad spectrum of ACS, i.e. unstable angina, non-STEMI or STEMI, were randomized to ticagrelor (Brilique, Brilinta) or clopidogrel within 24 hours after onset of symptoms, regardless whether they were allocated to a planned invasive or conservative treatment. Compared to clopidogrel, ticagrelor reduced rates of the primary endpoint consisting of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, or stroke, without an excess of the primary safety endpoint that was PLATO-defined major bleedings. Results from the pre-specified confirmatory subgroup of patients undergoing planned invasive treatment was consistent with PLATO main trial. In addition, the primary endpoint, as well as CV death and all cause death were consistently reduced with ticagrelor in numerous exploratory subgroups including STEMI patients, those planned for non-invasive treatment, patients undergoing CABG, patients with renal failure, and those with diabetes mellitus, although patients were pretreated before coronary angiography and patients with clopidogrel pretreatment were not excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacological properties and convincing study results of the PLATO trial have stimulated a paradigm change for dual antiplatelet therapy. The new ESC guidelines on the management of ACS without ST segment elevation recommend the use of clopidogrel only when a new antiplatelet drug, e.g. ticagrelor or prasugrel is not available or contraindicated.     

Venous leg ulcer patients: a review of the literature on lifestyle and pain-related interventions

Background. Having a leg ulcer has a major impact on daily life. Lifestyle is mentioned in most leg ulcer guidelines but mostly without much emphasis on the subject. Aims and objectives. Evidence for the effect of nutrition, leg elevation and exercise on the healing of leg ulcers was reconsidered. Furthermore, the evidence for effective pain‐related interventions was investigated. Design. Systematic literature review. Methods. Medline, Cinahl, Psychinfo and Cochrane were searched for studies on pain related interventions, and the effectiveness of leg elevation, leg exercise and nutritional interventions in patients with venous leg ulceration. Results. Some evidence was found to support a positive effect of leg exercises on the endurance and power of the calf muscle and on the haemodynamic status of the limb. There is also evidence for a positive effect of leg elevation during bed rest without compression. No hard evidence was found concerning the effect of enriched or altered nutrition on wound healing. However, there is some evidence of nutritional deficits in this patient group. The use of eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic cream is effective for reducing pain in wound debridement, but pain relief in daily life is insufficiently treated. Conclusion. There is no real evidence of effectiveness of the investigated lifestyle interventions but there are indications that lifestyle interventions might contribute to healing or prevention of venous leg ulceration. Relevance to clinical practice. Although there is no hard evidence, it can be expected that interventions such as nutritional monitoring, guided exercise and leg elevation will have a substantial impact on wound healing in patients with venous leg ulceration. The use of eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic cream can be advised for pain relief with wound debridement. The current lack of effective pain treatment with venous leg ulceration emphasizes the need for effective pain treatment.     

Acute myocardial infarction caused by coronary embolism from infective endocarditis

Background: Identifying an acute myocardial infarction caused by a non-atherosclerotic process can have consequences on the short- and long-term management of the disease. Case Reports: In the first case reported, a 39-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, diabetes, end-stage renal disease, deep vein thrombosis, and a recent hospitalization for staphylococcal bacteremia presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute onset of chest pain and shortness of breath. Her electrocardiogram (ECG) showed findings of an ST-segement elevation lateral wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The patient's condition worsened in the ED, and thrombolytic therapy was initiated. The patient subsequently had a coronary catheterization that illustrated an irregular mitral valve and abrupt occlusions in the left anterior descending artery, suggestive of coronary embolism from a mitral valve source. This patient was later treated with intravenous antibiotics and mitral valve replacement. In the second case reported, a 56-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and end-stage renal disease presented to the ED with shortness of breath, fever, and chest pain. His ECG was significant for ST-segment elevation in the lateral leads, suggestive of an AMI. This patient had a history of positive blood cultures in a previous admission as well as an echocardiogram revealing an aortic valve vegetation. Given the high suspicion for an infective endocarditis causing an embolic event that in turn led to the myocardial infarction, thrombolytics were withheld in the ED and the patient was transported for coronary catheterization. The coronary angiogram demonstrated abrupt cutoffs at the distal left anterior descending artery and distal left posterior descending artery suggestive of an embolic occlusion of these vessels. He was subsequently treated with intravenous antibiotics and aortic valve replacement. Conclusions: These two cases illustrate the importance of broadening our differential in the causes of AMI. In these cases, the recognition of an embolic event from infective endocarditis as the cause of the acute coronary syndrome allowed physicians to direct their interventions to optimize the appropriate care for each patient.     

替格瑞洛辅助治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床效果及安全性

目的分析替格瑞洛辅助治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床效果及安全性。方法将2018年7月至2020年7月收治的120例冠心病心绞痛患者依据治疗方法分为对照组(n=60,瑞舒伐他汀治疗)和研究组(n=60,瑞舒伐他汀与替格瑞洛联合治疗)。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果治疗后,两组的CRP、IL-6、MPO水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组的心率低于对照组,LVEF高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的不良反应总发生率低于对照组,治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论替格瑞洛辅助治疗冠心病心绞痛的效果显著,能够改善患者的心功能,减轻炎症反应。     

Delayed complication from a percutaneous vascular closure device following a neuro-interventional procedure

Percutaneous vascular closure devices are being increasingly used as alternatives to manual compression for the closure of femoral arteriotomy after endovascular procedures as they appear to reduce time to ambulate, improve patient's comfort, and are implicated with cost saving. However, vascular closure devices have been associated with an increased risk of complications including hematoma formation, local bleeding, arteriovenous fistula formation, pseudoaneurysm and arterial leg ischemia. To our knowledge, if the above complications occur it is usually within the first 30 days after the procedure. None have been reported in a delayed fashion ten months or longer after closure. We describe a 30-year-old man with a history of a giant basilar trunk aneurysm. He was placed on aspirin and clopidogrel prior to the procedure. He had bilateral femoral access with 6 French sheaths. Following the procedure, 6 French Angio-Seals (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) were used for closure of bilateral femoral arteriotomies. Ten months after the procedure, the patient kicked a metal cart and developed a large right retroperitoneal iliopsoas hematoma. There was no evidence of pseudoaneurysm. The patient was managed conservatively and his serial hematocrit stayed stable. He did not require surgical intervention. Use of percutaneous vascular closure devices is associated with complications including risk of hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, intravenous fistula, rectal peritoneal hemorrhage, limb ischemia and possible surgical repair. Most complications occur peri-procedure or within 30 days post-procedure. This is the first reported case of a delayed complication at ten months after the initial procedure. Site-related complications associated with percutaneous vascular closure devices may occur in a delayed fashion, even ten months post-procedure, so should be considered in the management of patients.     

Chiropractic management of a 30-year-old patient with Parsonage-Turner syndrome

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this case report is to describe the chiropractic management of a patient presenting with right arm paralysis and a diagnosis of Parsonage-Turner syndrome. CLINICAL FEATURES: After receiving nerve entrapment release surgery, a 30-year-old man presented with a right arm contracture, atrophy, and weakness with general paralysis of the forearm and index finger of 6 weeks' duration. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The patient was provided chiropractic care that included high-velocity/low-amplitude spinal manipulation based upon applied kinesiology manual muscle testing, soft tissue trigger point therapy, exercises, and stretches. The patient demonstrated improvement in range of motion after the first treatment session. By the eighth treatment, he was able to fully straighten his arm. Three years later, the patient reported that he was able to do mountain climbing and that his arm was fully functional and pain-free. CONCLUSION: For this patient, chiropractic care seemed to be successful in relieving his right arm paralysis and restoring normal arm movement.     

Chiropractic management of toe-walking in an eight-year-old male diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder utilizing a functional approach: A case study

ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to discuss the treatment of idiopathic toe-walking utilizing cognitive-motor dual-tasking and primitive reflex integration exercises.MethodsAn eight-year-old child with the previous diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and idiopathic toe-walking presents for chiropractic care. The patient had previously received eight months of physical therapy in which his results plateaued after three months of care.ResultsOn the initial visit, the child was evaluated for primitive reflexes. The patient retained the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex and palmer grasp. He was prescribed exercises to integrate these reflexes. In the second visit and onwards, the patient was tasked with walking while performing a cognitive or motor task. The patient’s performance of primitive reflex attenuation exercises significantly improved in form and timing, and the patient achieved proper gait mechanics with most interventions used.ConclusionDue to the limited number of visits, the patient was prescribed a cognitive task to help facilitate the retention of proper gait mechanics; however, these findings suggest that chiropractic management may prove useful in children who toe walk and that further investigation into treatment utilizing primitive reflex integration exercises for children with psychomotor delays is warranted. We suggest that the integration of primitive reflex testing for the chiropractor can yield many answers and serve as a valuable rehabilitation approach.     

Acute Coronary Syndrome From Green Snake Envenomation

BackgroundSnake bite is a grossly underreported public health issue in subtropical, tropical suburban, and rural areas of Africa and South Asia. In literature, ophitoxemia (snake bite envenomation) as a cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is limited to very few case reports. Viper envenomation is the most common cause of ACS among snake bites. We report the first case of unstable angina caused by Colubridae snake bite (Ahaetullanasuta, commonly called green snakes) in a young man without comorbidities.Case ReportA young healthy man had a green snake bite that was camouflaged in the green fodder. He was managed elsewhere with anti-snake serum. He developed acute chest pain and breathlessness on day 3 of his treatment. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed biphasic T wave inversions suggestive of type A Wellens pattern in the anterior chest leads (V1–V4). He was treated for ACS medically outside and was referred to our institute for further management on the following day. ECG and cardiac enzymes were normal. The echocardiogram showed no regional wall motion abnormality. Computed tomography coronary angiography showed normal epicardial coronaries. He was discharged in stable condition and asymptomatic at 2 months follow-up.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?ACS after a snake bite is not limited to venomous snakes. The diagnosis should be considered promptly even with a nonvenomous snake bite, especially in those with typical symptoms and ECG changes. The time interval between snake bite and development of ACS can be long and warrants prolonged medical supervision.