单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白单克隆抗体对致死性腹腔感染BALB/c幼鼠的被动保护作用

用单纯疤疹病毒(HSV)Ⅰ型SM44株和Ⅱ型SaV株分别腹腔感染BALB/c小鼠,于感染前后不同时间经腹腔注射HSV单克隆抗体(McAb)观察6株McAbs对致死性腹腔感染小鼠的被动保护作用。结果4株McAbs(2C5、1A12、Mad-2、1D10)对HSV-Ⅰ感染的小鼠有保护作用,5株McAbs(2C5、1A12、2A8、1D10、CH-A9)对HSV-Ⅱ感染的小鼠有保护作用。体内保护作用与体外的中和活性相关;并分析了McAbs在中和试验中有无补体参与条件下的保护能力。还证实了HSV糖蛋白在急性感染病程中其型特异性和型共同性抗原决定簇在体内的表达。     

Protection Against a Syngeneic Mammary Adenocarcinoma by Administration of Idiotypic and Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies

A hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody (mAb) with specificity for tumor-associated cell surface antigens of a transplantable murine mammary adenocarcinoma (SMC-168) was prepared by fusion of syngeneic C3H/He spleen cells with SP2 myeloma cells. Mice which were pretreated with this mAb (C–73) were significantly resistant to the outgrowth of a tumorigenic dose of SMC-168 cells when compared to controls. The treated nice developed tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity, measured by leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI), which was equal to that of mice immunized with live tumor cells. The IgG fraction from serum of mice receiving mAb C-73 contained antibodies which would bind to that mAb suggesting the presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id). This binding could be partially inhibited by a soluble l-butanol cell surface extract of SMC-168. Rabbits were immunized with mAb C-73 to produce a polyclonal anti-Id. The purified and absorbed IgG fraction of this serum would bind only to mAb C-73 and not to other mAbs of the same isotype or normal C3H/HeN IgG. Binding of the rabbit anti-Id to mAb C-73 could be partially inhibited by soluble tumor-associated antigen extracted from SMC-168. Mice immunized with this polyclonal anti-Id vaccine developed tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity and were significantly resistant to the outgrowth of a tumorigenic dose of SMC-168.     

Protection Against a Syngeneic Mammary Adenocarcinoma by Administration of Idiotypic and Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies

A hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody (mAb) with specificity for tumor-associated cell surface antigens of a transplantable murine mammary adenocarcinoma (SMC-168) was prepared by fusion of syngeneic C3H/He spleen cells with SP2 myeloma cells. Mice which were pretreated with this mAb (C-73) were significantly resistant to the outgrowth of a tumorigenic dose of SMC-168 cells when compared to controls. The treated nice developed tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity, measured by leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI), which was equal to that of mice immunized with live tumor cells. The IgG fraction from serum of mice receiving mAb C-73 contained antibodies which would bind to that mAb suggesting the presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id). This binding could be partially inhibited by a soluble l-butanol cell surface extract of SMC-168. Rabbits were immunized with mAb C-73 to produce a polyclonal anti-Id. The purified and absorbed IgG fraction of this serum would bind only to mAb C-73 and not to other mAbs of the same isotype or normal C3H/HeN IgG. Binding of the rabbit anti-Id to mAb C-73 could be partially inhibited by soluble tumor-associated antigen extracted from SMC-168. Mice immunized with this polyclonal anti-Id vaccine developed tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity and were significantly resistant to the outgrowth of a tumorigenic dose of SMC-168.     

Human Polyreactive IgM Monoclonal Antibodies with Blocking Activity Against Self-Reactive IgG

Natural IgM antibodies have been found to be involved in the control of IgG reactivity in normal serum. The authors investigated the blocking activity of four human IgM monoclonal antibodies (BY-2, BY-7, BY-10 and IRM-7) derived from B-cells from blood samples of three renal dialysis patients, which had shown multispecific properties similar to those observed for natural polyreactive autoantibodies. To achieve this, competitive inhibition assays were performed with these MoAbs on the binding of IgG purified from a healthy control, three patients with SLE, and two patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, to histone, dsDNA, RNP and thyroglobulin. MoAbs inhibited binding of self-reactive IgG to histone and dsDNA, but not to thyroglobulin or RNP, of natural and active or inactive phase disease-associated autoreactive IgG. The inhibitory effect of the MoAbs was mediated by V-region dependent interactions with autoreactive IgG, as shown by the ability of these MoAbs to block the binding of F(ab')₂ fragments of autoreactive IgG to antigens (histone and dsDNA). The blocking of autoantibody activity was dose-dependent with maximal inhibition occurring at a specific molar ratio between the patient's IgG and a given MoAb. In contrast, MoAbs did not inhibit binding of IgG alloantibodies present in the sera of four polytransfused renal dialysis patients to target antigens on the surface of different cells. These results support the concept of a functional idiotypic network regulating autoimmune responses, and suggest that the IgM MoAbs under study may be natural polyreactive antibodies belonging to the physiological network of autoantibodies with highly connected V-regions, capable of binding and functionally neutralizing V-regions of natural and pathologic autoantibodies.     

Encephalopathy in Mice Following Inapparent Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) Infection

The avirulent “A8” strain of S.F.V. gave rise to acute lesions of encephalitis in mice within 7 days of infection. After 6 weeks, however, all signs of disease disappeared from the brain, but when such animals were destroyed 2 years later they had advanced lesions of hydrocephalus, spongy degeneration and above all a severe astrocytic reaction in many centres of the brain. No such lesions were observed either in animals inoculated with formolinactivated virus, or in uninoculated controls of the same age.     

Antigenic Stimulation and Blocking of Pregnancy in Mice by an Anti-Idiotypic Antibody to Progesterone

PROBLEM: The present study was carried out to see if the anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibody (Ab2) to progesterone could mimic the immunogenicity of the steroid hormone by giving rise to antiprogesterone antibodies (Ab3) and whether these antiprogesterone antibodies (Ab3) were biologically active. METHOD: Twenty virgin female Balb/C mice were actively immunized with the anti-Id antibody (Ab2). The antiprogesterone antibody (Ab3) titres in the serum were determined and the animals were used for fertility studies. In the passive immunization studies Balb/C female mice were injected i.p. with 100 μg of anti-Id antibody to see its effect on pregnancy. RESULTS: The actively immunized animals when mated showed 80% reduction in their fertility rate. The duration of infertility (20–121 days) in these animals could be directly correlated with the concentration of antiprogesterone antibody (Ab3). The anti-Id antibody (Ab2) blocked pregnancy in 80% of the passively immunized mice. CONCLUSION: The studies show that anti-Id antibody to progesterone could mimic the immunogenicity of progesterone and give rise to antiprogesterone antibodies (Ab3). The anti-Id antibody successfully blocked pregnancy in mice both after active and passive immunization.     

静脉与肌肉注入单克隆抗体对乙脑病毒感染小鼠的保护作用

本文探讨了JEV单抗制剂经静脉和肌肉注射对人工感染JEV小白鼠的保护作用。结果表明,肌肉给药组须在小鼠感染后的24小时内给药,保护率才达100％;到小鼠感染后的96小时给药肌肉组的保护率仅26.7％。而静脉给药组到感染后48小时给药,其保护率仍可达100％;感染后96小时给药的保护率为73.3％。静脉给药组和肌肉给药组的保护率相差显著(P<0.05)。这些结果力McAb用于临床治疗选择适宜的给药途径提供了科学依据。     

日本乙型脑炎病毒单克隆抗体的产生及其特性鉴定

我国有日本乙型脑炎、森林脑炎及登革热等病流行,其病原体在抗原性上有明显的交叉反应,长期以来用动物免疫血清不易鉴别。单克隆抗体技术问世提供了新的病毒分析方法,但用于日本乙型脑炎病毒抗原分析方面的研究尚少,且无一致结论。因此,不论为提高检验诊断的准确性或评价现行疫苗的效果,都有必要建立各种分泌日本乙型脑炎病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系,以深入研究该病毒的抗原特性。     

Interferon-Inducing Polycarboxylates: Mechanism of Protection Against Vaccinia Virus Infection in Mice

The present study was undertaken to examine possible correlations between long-term protection of mice treated with polycarboxylates and infected with vaccinia virus, and the presence of subdetectable amounts of interferon in the tissues, as determined by tissue or organ resistance to replication of viruses. After a single dose of polycarboxylate, splenic resistance to virus replication could be detected. It persisted for 7 to 14 days, but no attempt was made to prove that it was due to subdetectable amounts of interferon. Whole-animal protection lasted longer than splenic resistance. Moreover, when different polycarboxylates and different virus strains were used, patterns of early protection were not correlated with those of splenic resistance. These data, as others presented earlier, suggest that, in addition to interferon, other antiviral mechanisms are stimulated by polycarboxylates.     

Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Tumour Cells from Patients Treated with Monoclonal Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies

In this paper data are presented indicating that immunotherapy with monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (MoAb anti-id) can provoke different responses in the B-cell tumour concerned. With respect to the course of disease during and after immunotherapy, the in vitro findings may very well explain the in vivo observations in the two patients (D.E.F., B.O.R.) with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) who were treated with MoAb anti-id. After initial tumour reduction, there was a recurrence of tumour cells with altered functional and phenotypic properties. In both cases the recurring tumour cells still expressed the same idiotype. In one patient (D.E.F.) the phenotypic changes (a surface Ig change from IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgD to weakly positive IgM and IgD) and functional changes (a 10-fold increase in [3H]thymidine uptake and a decreased idiotype secretion in vitro), together with the in vivo findings with respect to the course of disease--at relapse an impressive tumour regrowth rate with constant serum idiotype level--suggest that immunoselection might have taken place favouring the survival and relapse of a less mature, more aggressive tumour cell population with a lower idiotype expression. In the second patient (B.O.R.), the phenotypic changes (an isotype change from IgM and IgD to IgM with the loss of IgD, and a gradual decrease in expression of CD19 and CD24) and functional changes (a 10-fold increase of idiotype secretion in vitro), together with the in vivo finding that the serum idiotype level had increased 25-fold compared with the preimmunotherapy serum level with comparable tumour load, strongly suggest an immunotherapy-induced differentiation of the malignant B cell. We also describe an increased expression of CD74, detected by MoAb BoM22, on the recurring tumour cells of patient B.O.R., whereas the expression of HLA-DP, -DQ and -DR did not change. The significance of this finding is unclear.     

Anti-Idiotypic Antibody Used for the Localization of Parenterally Administered Monoclonal Anti-Progesterone Antibody in Mice

Affinity-purified rabbit and sheep anti-idiotypic antisera raised against mouse monoclonal anti-progesterone IgG1 antibody (DB3) or mouse myeloma IgG1 protein P3 (MOPC 21) showed high binding specificities to the respective idiotypes used for immunization as determined by RIA or ELISA. They have been used in an indirect immunofluorescent method to demonstrate the localization of parenterally administered idiotypes in pregnant or pseudopregnant BALB/c mouse frozen tissue preparations, at known stages post coitum after a single intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of DB3 or P3. DB3 was visualized on the surface of uterine luminal and glandular epithelia of pregnant mice 36 h after treatment; the localization was DB3-specific as it was not seen in mice treated with P3 (using sheep anti-P3 anti-idiotype as a probe) or saline. The fluorescent staining reaction in oviduct was weak and only appeared on the surface of the oviducal serosa (peritoneal side). Both DB3 and P3 were also localized in liver (granules of Kupffer cells), kidney (glomerular basement membrane), spleen (on the membrane surface of mononuclear cells in the white pulp), and peritoneal exudate cells (on the membrane surface). Staining could be completely blocked by the addition of the free idiotypes against which the anti-idiotypes were made but not by the unrelated idiotype. Anti-idiotypic labelling in vivo is more specific and selective than anti-whole immunoglobulin labelling.     

运动神经元单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

以猪脊髓前角运动神经细胞制备的匀浆免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠。按常规方法制备、筛选抗运动神经元单克隆抗体。总计３５株杂交瘤细胞所分泌的ＭｃＡｂ，与大鼠半月神经节细胞免疫组化反应均呈阴性，３０株与脊髓前角运动细胞（Ｍｎ）呈阳性反应、其中５株ＭｃＡｂｓ免疫组化反应特异性较强，用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法测定其滴度在２０４８～４０９６之间，免疫双扩散法测定，５株杂交瘤均分泌ＩｇＧ。     

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Sendai Virus I. Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies

Twelve monoclonal antibodies specific for Sendai virus were prepared by fusing immune LOU rat spleen cells with Y3 or FO myeloma cells. Six antibodies bound the viral glycoprotein HN, and six the viral protein F. Among the six HN-specific monoclonal antibodies, five reacted with the very same epitope and inhibited viral haemagglutination. Two antibodies against the F protein recognized the same epitope, but all the others reacted with different epitopes. All monoclonals were characterized with regard to specificity, biological function, epitope recognition, isotypes, and pI.     

单克隆的抗-HBs在同系鼠体内诱导抗-HBs的观察

作者采用BALB/c鼠的抗-HBs单克隆抗体(Ab_1)作为抗原,免疫同系BALB/c小鼠,使其在自身体内产生Ab_2,观察了由Ab_2诱导的Ab_3的消长情况。经测定其血清,免疫小鼠在第7天出现Ab_2,随后第9天、第19天出现Ab_2的显著增高。Ab_3的出现是在第9天,随后在第11天,第17天和第21天出现增高现象。Ab_2与Ab_3的量的变化,呈周期性消长。一般说来,当Ab_2增高时,Ab_3减低;若Ab_2降低,则Ab_3增高。实验过程中,还发现Ab_3能与外界进入体内的HBsAg结合。上述实验中出现的Ab_2和Ab_3之间的相互刺激和相互中和的现象,表明是小鼠体内自身的抗个体型抗体的调节作用的结果,因而出现了上述周期性的动态变化,支持体内存在着一个个体型——抗个体型免疫网络的理论,本文依据实验事实,认为传统的被动免疫方法,在一定条件下,也能诱导出主动免疫。     

EPF单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

本文用纯化的早孕因子免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，通过鼠－鼠杂交瘤技术，成功地建立了２株分泌ＥＰＦ单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。经检测，它们所分泌的抗体亚类均为ＩｇＧ１，毁交瘤染色体数目１００－１０６条，ＥＩＳＡ检测诱生腹水抗体效价为１：１．２８＊１０＾５，连续培养生物学性状稳定。抗ＥＰＦ抗原的单克隆抗体的建立，为深入研究ＥＰＦ的生物学性质、特征提供了有力的工具。     

Antibodies Directed Against Monomorphic and Evolutionary Conserved Self Epitopes may be Generated in 'Knock-Out' Mice. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Monomorphic MHC Class I Determinants

Beta-2 microglobulin (β₂m) gene ‘knock-out’ mice (C1D) were primed wilh purified H-2K^b and H-2D^b molecules and spleen cells from immunized mice were used to generate monoclonal antibody secreting B-cell hybridomas. Approximately 0.2% of the Ig-secreting primary microcultures contained H-2^b binding antibodies. Three stable anti-MHC class I (MHC-I) antibody secreting hybridoma clones were established and subcloned. All three MoAbs precipitated radiolabelled H-2 molecules as analysed by SDS PAGE, and all three MoAbs stained H-2^b, H-2^d, as well as H-2^k cells by FACS analysis. The MoAbs stained to two β₂m loss mutant cell lines, C4.4-25- and R1E, suggesting that some MHC-I heavy chain is exported to the cell surface even in the absence of endogenous β₂m. Staining of murine cell lines kept under serum-free culture conditions was strongly influenced by the addition of bovine or human serum as a source of exogenous β₂m suggesting that xenogeneic β₂m affects the conformation of class I molecules. Furthermore, all three MoAbs strongly stained the peptide transporter deficient cell line, RMA-S, when cultured at 26°C, however, staining was reduced five-fold when RMA-S cells were cultured at 37°C. In total, these observations suggest that the MoAbs recognize conformational, presumably β₂m and peptide dependent, self epitopes on MHC-class I. One of the three MoAbs stained rat blood mononuclear blood cells (BMC), all three MoAbs stained hamster BMC, whereas two of the MoAbs stained human cells. These data suggest that the MoAbs recognize determinants which are conserved between species. All three antibodies strongly inhibited the development of CTLs generated in an allogeneic one-way MLC, provided that the MoAbs were present during the first 24 h of culture. It is concluded that MoAbs reacting with monomorphic self epilopes may be generated using animals deleted of the gene of interest. The implications may be far reaching since such MoAbs potentially identify evolutionary conserved and physiologically important epitopes.     

Prevention of death in Semliki Forest virus-infected mice by administration of defective-interfering Semliki Forest virus

Adult mice inoculated with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) were protected from a lethal infection of the central nervous system by intranasal administration of defective-interfering (DI) SFV. DI SFV was prepared by eight passages at high m.o.i. in BHK 21 cells. Mice were treated with unpurified, unconcentrated tissue culture fluid which had been u.v.-irradiated to inactivate the infective virus present. Prevention of death was maximal when the DI virus was administered simultaneously with the infecting inoculum, and under the same conditions multiplication of infective virus in the brains of treated mice was reduced by 10(5)-fold. It was shown that DI SFV was propagated in mouse brains followed intranasal inoculation and it was concluded that protection was brought about through the intrinsic interfering capacity of the DI virus.     

Protection of Mice Against Vaccinia Virus by Bacterial Infection and Sustained Stimulation with Specific Bacterial Antigens

In these experiments, mice which have a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity to mycobacteria were found, when elicited with old tuberculin, to be more resistant to intravenous vaccinia virus challenge than controls. This was manifest as protection from killing when large amounts of virus were injected, or as significantly less tail swelling and damage as well as lower titers of infectious virus when a lesser inoculum was used. Preliminary experiments indicate that animals sensitized with Staphylococcus aureus and elicited with phage lysate of staphylococcus are also more resistant to vaccinia infection.     

抗人胎盘酸性铁蛋白McAb的制备及其鉴定

本文应用人胎盘酸性铁蛋白免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，经细胞融合制备出３株抗人胎盘酸性铁蛋白（ＰＡＦ）的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测证明，此单抗对人胎盘酸性铁蛋白的酸性部分反应较强，而与碱性部分反应较弱；间接免疫荧光法检测此单机与体外培养的肝癌细胞株７７２１起反应，而与白血病细胞株Ｄａｕｄｉ、肺癌细胞株９２６，以及外周血单个核细胞均不起反应。