多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素抵抗的新进展

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是青春期及育龄妇女最常见的内分泌和代谢紊乱性疾病,其发病率占育龄妇女的5%～10%。PCOS的基本特征为长期不排卵或稀发排卵、卵巢多囊性增大和高雄激素血症等,此外还表现有胰岛素抵抗（IR）及胰岛β细胞功能失调。PCOS患者妊娠率降低,妊娠期自然流产、妊娠期糖尿病的患病率亦较普通人群高,同时子宫内膜癌发病风险增高。PCOS患者代谢综合征的发病率升高,后者与心血管疾病风险紧密相连,并与IR有密切关系。目前许多学者对PCOS患者的IR做了大量的研究,提示改善PCOS的IR可改善内分泌及生殖功能,而改善生活方式是改善患者IR的有效手段。口服降糖药已成为治疗PCOS的IR的有效方法之一。     

多囊卵巢综合征流行病学研究

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)是育龄妇女最常见的内分泌紊乱性疾病之一,我国育龄妇女患病率5.6%,也是引起无排卵性不孕的主要原因。PCOS以月经紊乱、多毛、不孕、高雄激素症等为主要表现,易发生胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus, T2DM)（非胰岛素依赖型）、高血脂、心血管疾病、代谢综合征、睡眠窒息、非酒精性脂肪肝、妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠期高血压疾病等,PCOS患病率与不同种族、地区、调查对象和诊断标准有关,大多数文献报道其患病率在5%～10%。     

多囊卵巢综合征孕期代谢特点及其管理

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄女性内分泌和代谢紊乱性疾病,对孕期与非孕期育龄妇女均可能产生不利影响。近年来,随着对PCOS孕妇的相关研究不断深入,发现其妊娠期母儿并发症的发生率升高,且与胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、糖脂代谢、高雄激素血症等相关,做好孕前、孕期及产后的管理对近远期并发症的预防可能均有重要作用。文章对PCOS孕期代谢特点及其管理等内容进行阐述。     

多囊卵巢综合征和肥胖及其治疗的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种异质性的内分泌紊乱疾病,在育龄妇女中高发.临床上发现PCOS和肥胖密切相关,PCOS患者中肥胖者居多,而肥胖的PCOS患者与非肥胖患者相比,有更加严重的内分泌代谢紊乱,肥胖在PCOS中可能起一定的病因作用.因此,需要更加重视肥胖PCOS患者的治疗,除常规PCOS的治疗外,肥胖患者还需纠正长期代谢紊乱导致的远期并发症.     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床应用

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是妇科最常见的内分泌紊乱性疾病,胰岛素抵抗是PCOS发病机制的重要因素和显著临床特征.近年研究发现胰岛素增敏剂二甲双胍单独或与克罗米芬合用有助于诱导卵巢排卵、恢复规则月经周期,对克罗米芬抵抗者亦有效,并可改善其他症状,妊娠期应用亦可能减少早期流产及妊娠糖尿病的危险,副作用相对较少,可作为PCOS临床治疗的一个可行选择.     

经阴道超声评估来曲唑对多囊卵巢综合征的治疗作用

目的:通过阴道超声评估来曲唑对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的治疗作用。方法:来曲唑治疗38例PCOS患者,经阴道超声观察宫颈前后径、子宫内膜厚度和形态、优势卵泡个数,子宫动脉和卵巢基质血流PSV、EDV、PI、RI,与超声观察同天测定血清FSH、LH、E2、P,并与52例正常育龄妇女相比较。结果:来曲唑治疗PCOS有较高的排卵率(81.58%)和妊娠率(21.05%),并使子宫卵巢出现类似正常育龄妇女的周期性血流变化。结论:来曲唑改善了PCOS患者的子宫卵巢血流供应,利于妊娠。     

抑制素与多囊卵巢综合征

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄妇女常见的复杂的内分泌及糖代谢异常的病理状态.患者卵泡选择受阻,早卵泡期FSH相对缺乏,雄激素过多,病理过程中是否存在卵泡抑制素自分泌和旁分泌的异常尚有争议.对抑制素的理化性质、分子量、生物活性等予以综述,探讨其在PCOS病因和病理生理中的作用.     

抗苗勒管激素用于多囊卵巢综合征诊断的探讨

目的:探讨抗苗勒管激素(AMH)在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)诊断的应用价值.方法:用电化学免疫发光法检测75例PCOS患者(研究组)及86例正常排卵育龄妇女(对照组)月经第2日内分泌水平,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清AMH,同时应用超声诊断仪行卵巢卵泡计数(FN).结果:①研究组与对照组血清AMH水平分别为(8...     

二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征妇女妊娠期糖尿病发病率的影响及安全性评价

胰岛素抵抗(IR)常见于多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)和妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)。二甲双胍应用于PCOS的治疗,可减轻IR,促进排卵,提高妊娠率。二甲双胍能否应用于PCOS妇女妊娠期以降低GDM的发生风险,以及其孕期应用的安全性,尚不明确。     

PCOS不孕患者长方案IVF中采用不同口服避孕药预处理的结果比较

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄妇女不孕较常见的原因,随着促排卵方案的改进和辅助生殖技术的发展,近年其妊娠率有了很大提高.     

Preptin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, frequently develop metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance (IR), impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidemia, obesity. Among the new markers responsible for metabolic disorders, preptin seems to be of great significance.

Material: One hundred and thirty-four women aged 17–45 were enrolled. PCOS was diagnosed in 73 women on the basis of ESHRE-ASRM criteria. Non-PCOS group consisted of 61 women with regular menstruation matched for nutritional status.

Methods: All women underwent anamnesis, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, the abdominal ultrasound examination, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum adropin levels were determined by ELISA. Biochemical and hormonal (testosterone, androstenedione, LH, FSH, estradiol) measurements were also performed. Insulin resistance indices (HOMA, QUICKI, Matsuda) and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated with the test results according to the standard formula. For all comparisons, statistical significance was defined by p?≤?.05.

Results: Serum preptin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group. No significant correlations between preptin level and metabolic and hormonal markers were observed. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum preptin level was an independent factor differentiating the two groups.

Conclusions: Serum preptin levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS compared with controls. This peptide might be an independent predictor of PCOS in the future.     

Role of serum renalase levels in predicting the presence of metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

ObjectiveThis study was designed to compare the serum renalase levels of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with and without metabolic syndrome (MS) and those of healthy non-PCOS women.Materials and methodsSeventy-two patients diagnosed with PCOS and age-matched 72 healthy non-PCOS were included in the study. The PCOS group was divided into two groups as having metabolic syndrome or not. General gynecological and physical examination findings and laboratory results were recorded. Renalase levels in serum samples were determined using Enyzme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay method.ResultsMean serum renalase level was significantly higher in PCOS patients with MS compared with both PCOS patients without MS and healthy controls. Additionally, serum renalase correlates positively with body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance values among PCOS women. However, systolic blood pressure was found to be the only significant independent factor that can affect the serum renalase levels. A serum renalase level of 79.86 ng/L had a sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 46.4% in discriminating PCOS patients with metabolic syndrome from healthy women.ConclusionsSerum renalase level increases in women with PCOS in the presence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, monitoring the serum renalase level in women with PCOS can predict the metabolic syndrome that may develop.     

Diagnostic Evaluation,Comorbidity Screening,and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents in 3 Specialty Clinics

Study Objective

A polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis in adolescence can have significant long-term health implications. The criteria for its diagnosis in adolescents have been subject to much debate. In this study we aimed to characterize the variability in diagnosis and management among different pediatric specialties.

Meigs Syndrome Superimposed on Gorlin Syndrome in a 14-Year-Old Girl

BackgroundMeigs syndrome is a rare complication associated with ovarian fibromas. Although ovarian fibromas are rare in children, they are common in women with Gorlin syndrome after puberty.CaseA 14-year-old girl with Gorlin syndrome was admitted to our hospital for ablation of basal cell carcinoma. A chest x-ray revealed pleural effusion. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral multinodular ovarian masses. Meigs syndrome associated with ovarian fibromas was considered. A laparotomy revealed bilateral ovarian masses, which were resected. Microscopically, the masses were composed of mitotically active fibroma and areas resembling hemangiopericytoma and luteinized thecoma. The pleural effusion disappeared soon after the surgery.Summary and ConclusionPhysicians should consider the possibility that pleural effusion might precede the diagnosis of ovarian fibroma in patients with Gorlin syndrome.     

Serum adiponectin is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in Hong Kong,Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: To evaluate the association of serum adiponectin level with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Hong Kong Chinese women with PCOS at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital between January 2010 and January 2011. Clinical and biochemical parameters of the women were analysed. Prediction of the metabolic syndrome was determined by receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curves, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results: A total of 116 women diagnosed to have PCOS were analysed. The area under the ROC curve of adiponectin for the prediction of metabolic syndrome was 0.820, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.737–0.886. Univariate binary logistic regression showed that testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiponectin were significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, adiponectin (p?= 0.020), HOMA-IR, age (p?= 0.011) and BMI (p?= 0.019) were independently associated with the metabolic syndrome, but not FAI (p?= 0.256).

Conclusions: Serum adiponectin is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese women with PCOS. Further longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to determine whether serum adiponectin adds to the prediction of long-term cardiometabolic morbidity conferred by age, BMI and measures of insulin resistance.     

Metabolic syndrome in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome

The aim of the presented study is to evaluate metabolic features in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison with age- and BMI-matched subjects. Forty-three adolescents with PCOS according to ESHRE criteria were prospectively evaluated and compared with 48 control subjects. Blood sampling was done in the early follicular phase of menstrual cycle, between 1st and 5th day, for plasma glucose, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and C peptide. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was done according to IDF adolescent criteria. Adolescents with PCOS have increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (p?<?0.002), decreased HDL-cholesterol (p <0.0007) and increased C peptide levels (p?<?0.02) in comparison with healthy adolescents. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between the groups. There was no difference when we compared the prevalence of adolescents with at least one feature of metabolic syndrome between PCOS (17 from 43) and healthy controls (27 from 48). In conclusion, adolescents with PCOS have less favourable blood lipid profiles with higher LDL-cholesterol and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and are more insulin resistant than their healthy counterparts having higher fasting C peptide levels.     

多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者IVF-ET结局的临床分析

目的:分析体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF ET)或卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)对多囊卵巢综合征不孕妇女的助孕效果。方法:回顾性分析2001年10月至2005年4月在我院生殖中心接受IVF ET(包括ICSI)治疗的46名多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者52个周期(观察组)和62名输卵管因素不孕患者68个周期(对照组)。比较两组的取卵数、受精率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率和卵巢过度刺激综合征的发生率。结果:多囊卵巢综合征组和对照组取卵数分别为18.3±8.8与13.8±5.9,受精率分别为57.1%与75.7%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.001);胚胎种植率分别为17.3%和26.2%,临床妊娠率分别为28.0%和42.6%,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);卵巢过度刺激综合征的发生率分别为11.5%和5.9%,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:对于多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者,体外受精胚胎移植可以有效助孕,通过积极的预防措施可以有效控制卵巢过度刺激综合征的发生。     

部分卵母细胞浆内单精子注射的临床结局及影响受精率的相关因素分析 #br#

目的分析中国南方多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）患者中胰岛素抵抗的发生情况及其与代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome,MetS）发生的相关性。方法回顾性分析中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院2004年1月至2008年10月初诊的578例PCOS患者各表征胰岛素抵抗指标的发生率,及其与代谢综合征发生的关系。结果 PCOS患者中,332例（57.4%）稳态模型测定（HOMA-IR）〉75th,133例（23.0%）空腹胰岛素（FIN）〉95th,73例（12.6%）胰岛素释放实验2h胰岛素（2h-INS）〉150mU/L,49例（8.5%）FIN和2h-INS同时超标,157例（27.2%）发生高胰岛素血症（HIN）,FIN和/或2h-INS超标。FIN升高、2h-INS升高、HIN和HOMA-IR超标者,代谢综合征发生率分别为40.6%、41.1%、39.5%和26.8%。与指标正常者比较,其发生代谢综合征的风险明显增加（P〈0.001）。结论应用不同表征胰岛素抵抗的指标得到的PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗的发生率存在差异,但是存在任一胰岛素抵抗指标异常的患者合并代谢综合征的风险显著高于无高胰岛素血症及HOMA-IR正常者。因此,判断和纠正PCOS患者的胰岛素抵抗对于预防代谢综合征的发生有临床意义。     

Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Prevalence on the Basis of Different Diagnostic Criteria

Study ObjectiveExisting literature on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MBS) in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is inconsistent, likely because of the application of differing diagnostic criteria. The objective was to assess the prevalence of MBS in adolescents with PCOS depending on the PCOS diagnostic criteria used.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective chart review of female patients (N = 37), ages 11-22 years, diagnosed with PCOS between January 2013 and December 2017. Patients were included only if they had received screening allowing comparison across all PCOS diagnostic criteria: National Institutes of Health, Rotterdam, Androgen Excess Society, Amsterdam, Endocrine Society, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES). The presence of MBS was established using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The proportion of patients having MBS was then calculated for each PCOS diagnostic criteria subgroup.Interventions and Main Outcome MeasuresFor the entire study cohort, MBS was present in 17/37 patients (45.9%). The highest prevalence of MBS was among the subgroup of patients meeting the PES PCOS diagnostic criteria (13/25; 52.0%), whereas the lowest prevalence was in the subgroup meeting the Amsterdam PCOS criteria (6/15; 40.0%). Those diagnosed using the PES criteria also had the highest percentage of patients with 3 or more risk factors for MBS.Results and ConclusionThe prevalence of MBS varied according to the specific PCOS diagnostic criteria and was highest when PES guidelines were used. The PES criteria are adolescent-specific and have thus refined the diagnosis of PCOS for this population. Our results highlight the importance of validated adolescent-specific PCOS diagnostic criteria.