实验性自身免疫性神经炎相关细胞的免疫机制

目的 建立P2或P0多肽诱导的实验性自身免疫性神经炎（EAN）大鼠模型，确定诱导EAN的优选抗原和剂量，探讨EAN相关细胞免疫机制。方法 实验组用P2 57-81或P0 180-190多肽加完全弗氏佐剂（FCA）免疫Lewis大鼠，对照组单用FCA免疫，致敏后每日对大鼠进行临床评分，比较高峰期最大评分，致敏第14天进行淋巴细胞增殖试验，测定CD4^＋T／淋巴结单个核细胞（MNC）和CD4^＋CD25^＋T／CD4^＋T细胞百分比，并进行坐骨神经病理检查。结果实验大鼠瘫痪高峰期最大评分，P2 57-81200μg组显著高于P2 57-81 100μg组和P0 180-199 200μg组（均P〈0．01），P2 57-81 100μg组与P0 180-199 200μg组差异无统计学意义；P2 57-81 100μg组和P2 57-81 200μg组对P2 27-81多肽刺激反应性显著高于对照组（均P〈0．01），P0 180-199 200μg组对P0 180-199多肽刺激反应性显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），P2 57-81 100μg组和P0 180-199 200μg组对相应致敏多肽刺激反应性显著低于P2 57-81 200μg组（均P〈0．05）；CD4^＋T／淋巴结MNC百分比在各组间差异无统计学意义；CD4^＋CD25^＋T／CD4^＋T细胞百分比，P2 57-81 200μg组显著低于P2 57-81 100μg组、P0 180-199 200μg组和对照组（均P〈0．01），P2 57-81 100μg组和P0 2180-199 200μg组显著低于对照组（均P〈0．01），P0 180-199 200μg组显著低于P2 57-81 100μg组（P〈0．01）；EAN急性期坐骨神经以炎性细胞浸润为主，P257-81 200μg组重于其他实验组（均P〈0．01），P257-81 200μg组慢性期无炎性细胞浸润，而表现多发性局灶性脱髓鞘和神经纤维崩解未恢复。结论 200μgP257-81多肽是诱导EAN的优选抗原，EAN致病与CD4^＋T细胞数量无关，而与致病性T细胞活性增强及CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞减少有关。     

T细胞疫苗接种实验性自身免疫性神经炎的实验研究

目的建立P257-81-特异性T细胞系,在实验性自身免疫性神经炎(EAN)大鼠进行T细胞疫苗接种(TCV)的实验研究。方法P257-81多肽、IL-2和抗CD3/CD28单抗包被磁珠诱导扩增P257-81-特异性T细胞及非抗原特异性T细胞,将灭活T细胞接种大鼠,检测指标包括:瘫痪高峰期最大评分比较,淋巴细胞增殖试验、CD4 T/淋巴结单个核细胞及CD4 CD25 T/CD4 T细胞百分比测定、培养液上清IFN-γ及IL-10水平测定以及坐骨神经病理学检查。结果P257-81-特异性T细胞显著扩增,2周扩增近1000倍;P257-81-特异性TCV预防组无大鼠发病;P257-81-特异性TCV治疗组大鼠病情减轻,其坐骨神经炎性细胞浸润程度显著轻于对照组(P<0.001);P257-81-特异性TCV预防组和治疗组CD4 CD25 T/CD4 T细胞百分比及培养液上清IL-10水平均显著高于其对照组,培养液上清IFN-γ水平均显著低于其对照组(均P<0.001)。结论抗原 IL-2 CD3/CD28单抗包被磁珠刺激是一种高效、可靠的扩增抗原特异性T细胞方法;P257-81-特异性TCV能预防EAN发生,并可治疗已发生的EAN,其机制可能为:使CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞/CD4 T细胞比例上调,诱导致病性CD4 Th1细胞向保护性CD4 Th2细胞转换。     

从Th1、Th17细胞除极探讨丙戊酸干预实验性自身免疫性神经炎的机制

目的从Ⅰ型辅助T细胞(Th1)、17型辅助T细胞(Th17)细胞除极角度探讨丙戊酸(VPA)干预实验性自身免疫性神经炎(EAN)的机制。方法实验大鼠随机分为VPA治疗组、EAN组、正常组,应用周围神经髓鞘抗原(P257-81)多肽与完全弗氏佐剂的混合液免疫VPA治疗组和EAN组大鼠。VPA治疗组大鼠于免疫当天至第15天每天腹腔内注射300mg·kg-1丙戊酸钠。观察发病情况,坐骨神经电生理改变及组织病理学变化,检测腹股沟淋巴结中IFN-γ、IL-17 mRNA水平。结果 VPA治疗组的最初发病时间迟于EAN组(P<0.05),其高峰期临床评分显著低于EAN组(P<0.05),坐骨神经复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)的波幅较EAN组明显升高,潜伏期和时限显著缩短(P<0.05)。髓鞘脱失和炎性细胞浸润较EAN组明显减少(P<0.05)。淋巴结中IFN-γ、IL-17mRNA表达明显下降(P<0.05)。结论 VPA通过影响Th1、Th17细胞除极,使IFN-γ、IL-17分泌下降,从而抑制EAN大鼠的自身免疫反应。     

从IFN-γ／IL-33表达变化探讨EAN中的Th1／Th2细胞极化

目的探讨IFN-γ／和IL-33在实验性自身免疫性神经炎（EAN）发病机制中的作用及EAN中的Th1／Th2细胞极化。方法用P253-78肽段免疫Lewis大鼠,建立EAN模型,观察其发病情况和组织病理改变,并检测淋巴细胞增值反应,用RT-PCR技术检测干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和白介素33（IL-33）在大鼠发病高峰期脾脏、淋巴结和坐骨神经中的表达。结果EAN组大鼠临床表现明显,病理检查可见大量炎性细胞浸润;坐骨神经组织、淋巴结,脾脏中IFN-γ mRNA表达显著升高,IL-33mRNA表达明显减少,其引流淋巴结淋巴细胞对P253-78aa的刺激发生强烈的淋巴细胞增殖反应。结论IFN-γ对EAN发病起促进作用,IL-33对EAN大鼠起保护作用;EAN中Th0细胞向Th1的转化明显增强而向Th2细胞的转化则受到抵制。     

IL-17、RORγt在实验性自身免疫性神经炎中的表达

目的 观察Th17型细胞因子IL-17和Th17细胞特异性转录因子维甲酸受体相关孤儿受体γ的胸腺异构体(RORγt) mRNA在实验性自身免疫性神经炎(EAN)模型中的表达,以探讨Th17细胞在EAN中的作用.方法 用P253-78aa肽段免疫Lewis大鼠,建立EAN模型,观察大鼠发病情况和组织病理改变,并检测淋巴细胞增殖反应,用RT-PCR技术检测IL-17和RORγt在大鼠发病高峰期脾脏、淋巴结和坐骨神经中的表达.结果 EAN组大鼠在第14-16天发病高峰期时平均临床评分为(7.5±1.2),病理学检查可见明显炎性细胞浸润,对P253-78aa的刺激产生强烈淋巴细胞增殖反应,与对照组相比,IL-17和RORγt mRNA在脾脏、淋巴结和坐骨神经中的表达均显著升高(P<0.001).结论 IL-17和RORγt表达上调与EAN的发病相关.     

未成熟髓源树突状细胞负载P2 58-73肽段诱导免疫耐受对实验性自身免疫性神经炎的预防作用

目的观察未成熟髓源树突状细胞(iMDC)负载P258-73肽段诱导免疫耐受对实验性自身免疫性神经炎(EAN)的预防作用,以及对干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-33(IL-33)mRNA表达的影响。方法(1)P258-73aa与iMDC共培养。(2)21只Lewis大鼠随机分为EAN组(A组)、iMDC组(B组)和P258-73aa-iMDC组(C组),并分别于皮下注射磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)、iMDC及P258-73aa-iMDC;7d后,各组均给予P253-78aa和完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)进行免疫,诱发EAN。观察各组发病情况并作临床评分至免疫后16d(发病高峰期)。(3)采用3H-TdR掺入法检测淋巴细胞增殖反应;RT-PCR检测大鼠坐骨神经、脾脏和淋巴结中IL-33、IFN-γmRNA的表达。结果(1)发病高峰期,A组、B组、C组的临床评分为(7.4±1.9)分、(5.2±1.6)分和(3.4±0.9)分,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。(2)A组、B组、C组抗原特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应依次明显降低(均P<0.01)。(3)A组、B组、C组坐骨神经、脾脏和淋巴结中IFN-γmRNA表达水平依...     

脑源性神经营养因子辅助施万细胞治疗实验性自身免疫性神经炎

目的 研究脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)辅助施万细胞治疗实验性自身免疫性神经炎(EAN)的效果,并探讨其作用机制.方法 用400μg P2(57-81)多肽和弗氏完全佐剂的混合乳液免疫125只Lewis大鼠建立EAN模型.分别在致敏14 d经小脑延髓池注射羟基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺脂荧光染料(CFSE)标记的施万细胞(SCs移植组,n=28)或经BDNF处理的施万细胞(SCs+BDNF移植组,n=48),其余为EAN模型组(n=49),以致敏45 d作为研究终点.每日对大鼠进行临床瘫痪评分;分别于致敏25、35及45 d处死部分大鼠,取其坐骨神经进行移植细胞追踪,采用HE、Luxol坚牢绿-焦油紫及免疫组织化学染色,评价炎性细胞浸润及脱髓鞘情况,并比较CD4、CD8、CD68、S-100及神经生长因子(NGF)阳性细胞数量差异.结果 致敏大鼠均发病,植入的施万细胞能向脱髓鞘神经组织迁移.与EAN模型组比较,SCs移植组各时间点各指标差异均无统计学意义;SCs+ BDNF移植组大鼠瘫痪程度恢复较快,致敏45 d临床瘫痪评分分值降低,致敏25及35 d炎性细胞浸润(EAN模型组:325.8±10.8、221.4±35.2;SCs+ BDNF移植组:307.3 ±4.6、197.2±16.8)减少(t=2.172,P=0.031;t=3.756,P=0.000),CD4、CD8及CD68阳性细胞数均减少,致敏35及45 d髓鞘脱失程度(EAN模型组:3.4±0.5、2.9±0.8;SCs+ BDNF移植组:2.9±0.8、2.3±0.5)减轻(t=-7.408,P=0.000;t=-6.092,P=0.000),致敏25、35及45 d S-100阳性细胞数均增高,而NGF的阳性细胞数均降低.结论 经小脑延髓池植入的施万细胞可以迁徙到坐骨神经.BDNF辅助施万细胞移植治疗EAN有一定的疗效,可能通过抑制炎性细胞浸润,提高供体施万细胞活性,促进神经组织S-100表达及减少NGF应激性增高而发挥作用;而施万细胞单独移植治疗EAN无效.     

丙戊酸对实验性自身免疫性神经炎大鼠保护作用的机制

目的观察丙戊酸(VAP)对实验性自身免疫性神经炎(EAN)大鼠的保护作用及其机制。方法实验大鼠随机分为VAP高剂量组、VAP低剂量组、EAN模型组、正常组,应用P2 57-81多肽与完全弗氏佐剂的混合液诱导EAN模型。VAP于免疫当天至第15d每天腹腔内注射。观察各组大鼠发病情况和坐骨神经组织病理学变化,检测外周血中Th17细胞和Foxp3+Treg细胞含量,检测淋巴结中TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-17、TGF-βmRNA表达。结果 VAP高剂量组的最初发病时间迟于EAN组(P<0.05),其高峰期临床评分显著低于EAN组(P<0.05),坐骨神经炎性细胞浸润较EAN组明显减少;VAP高剂量组和低剂量组外周血中Th17细胞比例较EAN组显著减少(P<0.05),Foxp3+Treg细胞比例较EAN组显著增加(P<0.05),淋巴结中促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IFN-γ及IL-17mRNA表达与EAN组比较明显下降(P<0.05),VAP高剂量组抑炎细胞因子TGF-βmRNA表达与EAN组比较明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 VAP对EAN有治疗作用,这种作用可能与其能够增加Foxp3+Treg细胞和抑炎细胞因子TGF-β含量、减少TH17细胞含量和促炎细胞因子的表达有关。     

从Th1、Th17细胞极化探讨iMDC负载P258-73肽段干预EAN的机制

目的 观察未成熟髓源树突状细胞负载P258-73肽段干预实验性自身免疫性神经炎的效果,及干预对IL-17、IFN-γ mRNA表达的影响,从Th1、Th17细胞极化的角度探讨其干预机制.方法 P258-73aa负载于体外培养的iMDC,获得P258-73aa-iMDC,用P253-78aa和CFA免疫Lewis大鼠制成EAN动物模型,免疫前7d各组大鼠分别给予PBS、iMDC及P258-73aa-iMDC干预.观察发病情况并作临床评分及病理改变.收集引流淋巴结细胞检测淋巴细胞增殖反应,RT-PCR技术检测大鼠脾脏、淋巴结和坐骨神经中IL-17、IFN-γ mRNA的表达.结果 P258-73aa-iMDC干预组大鼠的平均临床评分、抗原特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应和坐骨神经炎性细胞浸润均降低;IFN-γ 及IL-17 mRNA在脾脏、淋巴结和坐骨神经中的表达也明显降低.结论 P258-73aa-iMDC通过影响IL-17、IFN-γ 的分泌,影响Th1、Th17细胞极化,抑制抗原特异性淋巴细胞增殖,从而减轻EAN的发病,这可能是其诱导免疫耐受的机制之一.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the improving potential of immature myeloid dendritic cell (Imdc) pulsed with P258-73aa peptide (P258-73aa-Imdc) in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) ,and to explore the role of Th1/Th17 cells polarization in this tolerance therapy by detecting the expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA. Methods P258-73aa21 was pulsed with Imdc in vitro to get P258-73aa-iMDC. Rats of each group were immunized with P253-78aa and CFA. 7 days before immunization, each group was injected with PBS or iMDC or P258-73aa-iMDC respectively. Clinical scores of each group and histopathological changes were evaluated and the lymphocyte proliferation response was assayed; IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA in spleen,lymph node and sciatic nerves were measured by RT-PCR. Results The P258-73aa-iMDC interferred group had lower average clinical score and suppressed antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation, as well as milder infiltration by the inflammatory cells in sciatic nerves. Meanwhile, the expression of IL-17/IFN-γ mRNA in spleen, lymph node and sciatic nerves were also decreased. Conclusion The protective effect of P258-73aa-iMDC could be associated with the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and IL-17, IFN-γ through the polarization of Th1/Th17 cells,which is probably one of the tolerance mechanism of P258-73aa-iMDC in EAN.     

瞿麦治疗小鼠实验性自身免疫性神经炎的疗效及机制研究

目的观察瞿麦对实验性自身免疫性神经炎(EAN)小鼠临床症状、辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th)亚群、炎性细胞因子的影响,并探讨其改善EAN小鼠临床症状的可能机制。方法利用人工合成的P0180-199肽段混以完全福氏佐剂主动免疫C57BL/6小鼠建立EAN模型。将小鼠随机分为瞿麦治疗组和对照组,利用行为学评分进行疗效评估,流式细胞术检测外周血Th1、Th2、Th17、Treg细胞水平及Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比值变化,采用ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平变化。结果与对照组比较,瞿麦治疗组EAN达峰时间明显延迟,对照组小鼠行为学评分在免疫后第17天达高峰,瞿麦治疗组为免疫后第19天,瞿麦治疗组小鼠达峰时行为学评分低于对照组(3.75±0.88 vs.4.75±0.46,t=2.828,P=0.013)。免疫后第28天瞿麦治疗组小鼠行为学评分仍低于对照组(0.44±0.41 vs.1.06±0.68;t=2.220,P=0.043)。与对照组相比,瞿麦治疗组外周血单个核细胞Th1/Th2比值(1.50±0.62 vs.1.61±0.09)和Th17/Treg细胞比值(0.21±0.04 vs.1.20±0.13)降低(P0.01或P0.05),血清TNF-α[(211.00±10.77)pg/mL vs.(244.29±21.52)pg/mL]、IL-1β[(109.29±4.74)pg/mL vs.(120.29±11.90)pg/mL]和IFN-γ[(707.71±4.23)pg/mL vs.(723.00±15.00)pg/mL]水平明显下降(P0.01或P0.05)。结论瞿麦可显著改善EAN小鼠模型的临床症状,其机制可能与影响Th细胞亚群比例、炎性细胞因子的表达有关,有望成为临床治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征/EAN的新策略。     

Th1, Th2 and Th3 cytokine alteration in schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that there is an imbalance between T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines in patients with schizophrenia. The T helper 3 (Th3) cytokine, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), has been shown to suppress the production of Th1 cytokines. Therefore it is hypothesized that it may play a role in schizophrenia by suppressing overactive Th1 system. METHODS: We recruited 88 schizophrenic patients and 88 matched controls. The basal plasma concentrations of IFN-gamma (Th1), IL-4 (Th2) and TGF-beta1 (Th3) were studied at the time the patients were admitted to the hospital and following 8 weeks of treatment with antipsychotics. RESULTS: The detection rate of plasma IFN-gamma and basal plasma TGF-beta1 level were significantly higher in schizophrenic patients than in controls whereas detection rate of plasma IL-4 was lower in patients. The ratio of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma/IL-4) was higher in schizophrenic patients. Following the neuroleptic treatment, the IFNgamma and TGF-beta1 levels returned to control values, and IL-4 concentration rose above the control value. CONCLUSION: Schizophrenic patients showed higher Th1/Th2 ratio which is attenuated by effective neuroleptic treatment. It is possible that TGF-beta1 plays a role in reducing the activity of Th1 cytokine.     

Th1 and Th2 serum cytokine profiles characterize patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Th1) and Graves' disease (Th2)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to document the pattern of immune response, assessed by the measurement of both Th1 and Th2 serum cytokines, in patients suffering from autoimmune thyroid disease and toxic nodular goiter. METHODS: Both Th1 and Th2 serum cytokine levels were assayed in patients suffering from Graves' disease (GD, n = 25), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT, n = 21), and toxic nodular goiter (TNG, n = 7) and compared with corresponding levels of 25 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-1 beta, INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-15, IL-10, IL-18, IL-4 and IL-5 were assayed in fasting serum samples. RESULTS: It was found that patients with HT had higher IL-2 serum levels (12.16 +/- 0.66 pg/ml) compared to patients with TNG (9.25 +/- 0.84 pg/ml), GD (7.86 +/- 0.30 pg/ml) and controls (7.36 +/- 0.45 pg/ml; p = 0.0001), higher INF-gamma levels (7.60 +/- 0.33 pg/ml) compared to patients with TNG (5.77 +/- 0.55 pg/ml), GD (5.74 +/- 0.24 pg/ml) and controls (5.09 +/- 0.27 pg/ml; p = 0.0009), higher IL-12 levels (3.57 +/- 0.19 pg/ml) compared to patients with TNG (2.57 +/- 0.21 pg/ml), GD (2.48 +/- 0.13 pg/ml) and controls (2.59 +/- 0.23 pg/ml; p = 0.004), and higher IL-18 levels (27.52 +/- 1.75 pg/ml) compared to patients with TNG (18.71 +/- 2.24 pg/ml), GD (15.44 +/- 1.39 pg/ml) and controls (15.16 +/- 1.62 pg/ml; p = 0.0002). In contrast, patients with GD had higher serum levels of IL-4 (4.11 +/- 0.33 pg/ml) compared to patients with HT (3.0 +/- 0.16; p = 0.02) and higher IL-5 levels (4.22 +/- 0.30 pg/ml) compared to patients with TNG (3.21 +/- 0.58 pg/ml), HT (2.75 +/- 0.16 pg/ml) and controls (2.0 +/- 0.19 pg/ml; p = 0.0001). Patients had lower IL-1 beta serum levels (TNG 2.45 +/- 0.20, HT 2.52 +/- 0.14, GD 2.68 +/- 0.12 pg/ml) compared to controls (3.6 +/- 0.20 pg/ml; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The above findings suggest that a Th1 pattern of immune response characteristic of cellular immunity is dominant in HT, whereas the predominance of Th2 cytokines in GD indicates a humoral pattern of immune reaction.     

Epigenetic regulation of Th1 and Th2 cell development

All cells of the body, regardless of the tissue type, contain the same genetic material, but express this genetic material differently. Epigenetics is one process by which differential gene expression within a cell is regulated. Epigenetic mechanisms involve postsynthetic modifications to DNA and/or DNA-associated histones that do not change the DNA sequence itself, but which remodel chromatin, are passed along at each cell division, and occur during and after early development. The CD4⁺ T cell best represents a cell in which epigenetic mechanisms are used to affect mature cell physiology. As a naïve CD4⁺ T cell develops into either a Th1 or Th2 cell that secretes predominantly IFN-γ or IL-4, respectively, the expression of one cytokine gene and the permanent silencing of the other is orchestrated using epigenetic mechanisms. Because there appears to be an association between Th1/Th2 cell immunity, behavior, and/or disease, it is possible that an environmentally induced epigenetic change that occurs during Th1/Th2 cell development could explain how certain Th1/Th2-associated conditions develop. This article will review basic epigenetic mechanisms and what is known about how these mechanisms influence cytokine gene expression in a naïve CD4⁺ T cell as it develops into a Th1 or Th2 cell.     

重症肌无力患者血清Th1/Th2/Th17细胞因子的变化及意义

目的：分析重症肌无力（MG）患者血清CD4^＋ T细胞主要细胞因子的水平,探讨不同亚型CD4^＋ T细胞分泌的细胞因子在MG发病机制中的作用。方法：用ELISA测定93例MG患者和34名健康对照者血清中各项细胞因子（IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13和IL-17）的水平,分组行统计学分析。结果：与健康对照组相比,MG患者Th1细胞相关各细胞因子（IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ及TNF-α）均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;Th2细胞相关的细胞因子IL-4、IL-10差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,仅IL-13水平升高;Th17细胞的细胞因子IL-17水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。MG眼肌型与全身型患者血清中各细胞因子水平的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,在不同病程的MG患者中差异也无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：Th1细胞因子在MG发病机制中发挥重要作用,而Th2细胞及其细胞因子在MG机制中的角色各异。     

Coemergence of insomnia and a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 dominance

OBJECTIVES: Insomnia is associated with physical and mental disorders. We examined the effect of insomnia on immune functions, focusing on the T helper 1 (Th1)/ T helper 2 (Th2) balance, by a cross-sectional design. METHODS: We provided a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate sleep habits, smoking and medical disorders to 578 men without any toxic exposure (20-64 years old), and measured natural killer (NK) cell activity in 324 men and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin in 254 men. According to the criteria of DSM-IV, in which insomnia is classified into primary and secondary insomnia, we assessed the effect of insomnia on immune functions, controlling for age and smoking in groups with and without medical disorders. RESULTS: The prevalence of insomnia in the present study was 9.2%. In the absence of medical disorders, insomniac men had a significantly lower IFN-gamma and ratio of IFN-gamma to IL-4 than noninsomniac men. Men with insufficient sleep or difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) had a significantly lower IFN-gamma to IL-4 ratio than those not suffering from insufficient sleep or DIS. In the presence of medical disorders, insomniac men had significantly higher IL-4 than noninsomniac men. Men with difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) had a significantly lower IFN-gamma to IL-4 ratio than men without DMS. NK cell activity was independent of insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: The present results showed a link between insomnia unrelated to medical disorders and a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 dominance, indicating that the relationship between sleep quality and the etiology of immune-related diseases should be reconsidered.     

Cynical hostility and stimulated Th1 and Th2 cytokine production

Hostility has been associated with heightened proinflammatory activity. However, it is not known whether greater hostility contributes to greater inflammation by promoting higher Th1 activity, lower Th2 activity, or both. The present study examines the relation of hostility to mitogen-stimulated Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in vitro. Participants were 193 healthy men and women (mean age 37.3; 44% non-white). Hostility was assessed with a 20-item version of the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS). PHA-stimulated interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ were used to measure Th1 activity; PHA-stimulated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were used to measure Th2 activity. Greater hostility was related to greater production of two of the three Th1 cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Hostility was not associated with any measure of Th2 cytokine production. Associations with Th1 cytokines were independent of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, body mass index, depressive symptoms, and health-related behaviors, and were consistent across men and women. Associations were not explained by social network characteristics, social support, or personality traits closely associated with social behavior. Exploratory analyses substituting the CMHS cognitive, affective, and behavioral subscales for total hostility revealed that associations between hostility and Th1 cytokine production were primarily driven by the cognitive component of hostility (i.e., cynicism). Results suggest that a unique dimension of hostility, particularly the cynicism subcomponent, that is unrelated to social factors, may influence inflammation by promoting greater Th1 cytokine production. This effect on stimulated cytokine activity may have implications for a role of hostility in exacerbating immune-related disease.     

颈动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中患者外周血辅助性T细胞1、2和17分布特点研究

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中患者外周血辅助性T细胞1、2和17(Th1、Th2和Th17)的分布特点。方法共180例颈动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中患者,根据颈动脉狭窄程度分为颈动脉轻度狭窄亚组、中度狭窄亚组和重度狭窄亚组(各60例),流式细胞术检测患者外周血Th1、Th2和Th17细胞比例。结果缺血性卒中组患者外周血Th1和Th17细胞比例均高于对照组[(5.76±1.81)%对(3.54±0.29)%,P=0.000;(0.36±0.13)%对(0.18±0.03)%,P=0.000]。颈动脉狭窄不同程度亚组患者外周血Th1[(4.56±0.55)%、(4.88±0.42)%和(7.83±1.69)%,P=0.000]和Th17[(0.23±0.04)%、(0.34±0.02)%和(0.50±0.09)%,P=0.000]细胞比例差异均有统计学意义,其中,重度狭窄亚组Th1(P=0.001,0.001)和Th17(P=0.000,0.001)细胞比例高于轻度狭窄亚组和中度狭窄亚组,中度狭窄亚组仅Th17细胞比例高于轻度狭窄亚组(P=0.000)。结论 Th1和Th17细胞与颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄程度密切相关,随着颈动脉狭窄程度的加重,外周血Th17细胞比例升高,表明细胞免疫机制参与颈动脉粥样硬化的发生与发展,为颈动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中的免疫治疗提供理论依据。     

重症肌无力患者末梢血Th1和Th2细胞内细胞因子的变化及意义

目的研究重症肌无力(MG)患者末梢血细胞因子及抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchRab)水平,探讨细胞因子在MG发病中的作用。方法研究对象为17例MG患者,分为急性期组10例,非急性期组7例,设健康对照组15例。应用流式细胞术(FCM)测定末梢血产生各型细胞因子(CK)的CD4+T细胞%,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清中抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchRab)。结果⑴MG患者急性期组和非急性期组IFN-γ+IL-4-CD4+T细胞%及AchRab的含量比健康对照组显著增多(P<0.05和P<0.001);⑵急性期组和非急性期组IFN-γ-IL-4+和IL-13+CD4+T细胞%比健康对照组显著减少(P<0.05);⑶IL-10+CD4+T细胞%各组之间无显著性差异;⑷各组IFN-γ+IL-4-CD4+T细胞%与AchRab均呈正相关。结论MG患者Th1和Th2细胞因子的平衡紊乱,Th1细胞因子IFN-γ对MG患者自身抗体的产生有促进作用。     

Differential effects of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte supernatants on human microglia

We assessed the effects of soluble molecules (supernatants) produced by pro- (Th1) and anti- (Th2) inflammatory T-cell lines on the capacity of adult human CNS-derived microglia to express or produce selected cell surface and soluble molecules that regulate immune reactivity or impact on tissue protection/repair within the CNS. Treatment of microglia with supernatants from allo-antigen and myelin basic protein-specific Th1 cell lines augmented expression of cell surface molecules MHC class II, CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD54, enhanced the functional antigen-presenting cell capacity of microglia in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, and increased cytokine/chemokine secretion (TNFalpha, IL-6, and CXCL10/IP-10). These Th1-induced effects were not reproduced by interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) alone and were only incompletely blocked by anti-IFNgamma antibody. Th2 cell supernatant treatments did not alter costimulatory/adhesion molecule expression or induce cytokine/chemokine production by microglia. Th2 treatment, furthermore, failed to reduce the induction observed in response to Th1 supernatants. Neither Th1 nor Th2 supernatants induced production of the neurotrophin molecules, nerve growth factor, or brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Our results suggest that soluble molecules released by Th1 and not Th2 cells that infiltrate the CNS can stimulate resident microglia to acquire enhanced effector and accessory cell functions; the Th1-induced effects were not downregulated by Th2 supernatant-mediated bystander suppression.