宫内发育迟缓儿脐血内脂素及胎盘内脂素mRNA的表达

目的探讨内脂素与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法选择2008年12月—2010年6月足月出生的宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)儿、巨大儿及正常足月儿各35例,采用ELISA法测定脐血内脂素水平,Real-time PCR法检测胎盘内脂素mRNA相对含量,放射免疫法测定脐血胰岛素水平;分析脐血内脂素、胰岛素水平、胎盘内脂素mRNA相对含量与出生体质量的关系及脐血内脂素、胰岛素水平与胎盘内脂素mRNA相对含量间的关系。结果 IUGR儿脐血内脂素水平高于巨大儿及正常足月儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);巨大儿与正常足月儿之间脐血内脂素水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组间新生儿脐血胰岛素水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脐血内脂素水平与出生体质量呈负相关性(r=-0.341,P<0.05),与胰岛素水平无相关性(P>0.05)。三组间胎盘内脂素mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),胎盘内脂素mRNA水平与出生体质量、脐血内脂素、胰岛素水平均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论新生儿期内脂素与IUGR有关,可通过调节代谢而影响胎儿宫内的生长发育。     

宫内发育迟缓对新生儿胰岛素敏感性和脂联素水平的影响

目的 探讨宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）对新生儿胰岛素敏感性的影响,并研究IUGR新生儿胰岛素敏感性和血浆脂联素水平的关系。方法 选择出生后24 h内住院的足月新生儿,按出生体重分为IUGR组（82例）和非IUGR组（90例）,均于出生24 h内测量体格生长指数,生后第7天检测空腹血糖、TG、LDL、HDL、血浆脂联素和胰岛素水平,并计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）。结果 IUGR组和非IUGR组空腹血糖、TG、LDL和HDL水平的差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。与非IUGR组比较,IUGR组胰岛素水平较高,血浆脂联素水平较低,HOMA-IR较高,ISI较低,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析均显示HOMA-IR与脂联素、出生体重呈负相关（P < 0.05）。结论 IUGR新生儿血胰岛素水平升高、敏感性降低,有发生胰岛素抵抗倾向,可能与IUGR新生儿脂联素水平降低有关。     

宫内发育迟缓与胰岛素样生长因子及其结合蛋白的关系

目的 检测宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)儿脐血胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平,分析这些指标的变化程度与胎儿期生长的关系。方法 将86例脐血标本分为IUGR(即小于胎龄儿)组和适于胎龄儿(AGA)组。采用竞争性放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定IGF-1水平,非竞争性免疫放射分析法测定IGFBP-3水平。两组间比较用t检验,两变量之间的关系采用相关回归分析。结果 与AGA组相比,IUGR组脐血IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平显著降低(P均<0.01);IGF-1、IGFBP-3均随胎龄及出生体重增加而增加(P均<0.01);IGFBP-3与IGF-1呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论 脐血IGF-1和IGFBP-3的含量可作为判断新生儿生长发育程度的一项客观生化指标。     

宫内发育迟缓儿的免疫状态研究

宫内发育迟缓是围生期常见的并发症,对胎儿危害很大.近年来的研究发现免疫学机制在宫内发育迟缓的发病中占有重要地位.免疫机制的异常可能通过发育程序化途径影响胎儿宫内以及宫外的免疫机能.     

L-精氨酸对胎儿宫内发育迟缓患者母血及脐血一氧化氮水平的影响(英文)

目的　有研究表明一氧化氮 (NO)减少可能在胎儿宫内发育迟缓 (IUGR)的发生发展中起重要作用 ,该文探讨L 精氨酸 (L Arg)对IUGR孕妇外周血及新生儿脐血中NO水平的影响。 方法　选择IUGR孕妇 6 6例 ,其中常规治疗组 36例 ,予以常规治疗 ;L Arg组 30例 ,在常规治疗的基础上加用L Arg治疗。选择正常初产妇30例作为正常对照组。监测治疗前后孕妇血清NO水平变化及脐静脉血清NO水平。结果　治疗后 ,L Arg组孕妇血清NO水平显著高于常规治疗组 (5 8.4 2± 2 3.1 2 μmol/Lvs4 3.4 9± 2 0 .2 7μmol/L) (P <0 .0 1 ) ;L Arg组胎儿脐静脉血清NO水平显著高于常规治疗组 (2 5 .2 3± 1 2 .0 5 μmol/Lvs1 6 .95± 1 1 .1 9μmol/L) (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　L Arg能显著提高IUGR孕妇外周血及脐血中NO水平     

宫内发育迟缓发生胰岛素抵抗的机制

"慢性疾病胎儿起源学说"假说、"节俭表型假说"、"营养程序化"、"代谢程序化" 概念指出了早期营养与远期健康的关系问题,流行病学调查也已证实宫内发育迟缓与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,但宫内发育迟缓发生胰岛素抵抗的具体机制目前尚未明确.遗传信息的调控可能会不同程度改变胎儿组织器官的结构和功能,在基因水平上,胰十二指肠同源盒基因、Munc13-1、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体基因、胰岛素受体底物基因、线粒体DNA、ghrelin mRNA等的表达情况都对宫内发育迟缓发生胰岛素抵抗有影响.     

宫内发育迟缓的分子发病机制研究进展

宫内发育迟缓的病因复杂,众多环节发生障碍均可导致该病的发生.其分子发病机制也正在进一步揭示,这些分子发病机制的研究将有助于更好地理解该病的宫内起源机制.现就宫内发育迟缓的分子发病机制进行探讨.     

宫内发育迟缓引起胰岛素抵抗的遗传与营养学机制

过去十几年的研究证据表明,胎儿宫内发育迟缓(in鄄trauterine growth retardation,IUGR)与胰岛素抵抗的发生发展存在联系。但有关这种联系的具体机制尚未明确,未来十年的挑战将是发现这种联系的细胞学和分子生物学机制,这将有可能提出一些干预方法以降低糖尿病所带来的影响。现从基因水平和营养学角度对这种联系可能的细胞学和分子生物学机制作一综述。1基因因素胎儿发育和胰岛素抵抗之间的联系可能存在基因基础。众所周知,胰岛素在胎儿发育中起主要的作用,它可以保证胎儿在营养供应良好的条件下有相应的生长率,胰岛素抵抗将影响胎儿的正…     

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Renin-Aldosterone Relationship in Healthy Newborn Infants

ABSTRACT. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone concentrations, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured by radioimmunoassay concurrently in 20 healthy full term infants, in cord blood, at 24 hours after birth and on the 4th day of life. ANP and aldosterone increased significantly at 24 hours and was persistently elevated on the 4th day of life. PRA remained unchanged during the first four days of life. In cord blood, ANP concentrations were correlated with aldosterone concentrations ( r = 0.49, p <0.05) and hematocrit ( r = 0.58, p <0.02). At the 24 hours of life, plasma ANP concentrations were correlated with weight loss observed on the 4th day of life ( r = -0.70, p <0.005), while the percentage changes in plasma aldosterone concentrations were correlated with percentage changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) ( r = 0.49, p <0.05). These findings suggest that during the early newborn period ANP and aldosterone act as an integrated system which has a role in regulation blood pressure and intravascular volume homeostasis.     

Concentrations of Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in the Cord Blood and the Plasma of the Newborn

ABSTRACT. Concentrations of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) in the cord blood and the plasma were measured in 25 newborns. The level of hANP in 0 to 1 post-natal days (212.8±118.1 pg/ml; mean±SD) was significantly higher than that in cord blood (69.7±53.2 pg/ml) ( p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in the levels of hANP at the ages of 0 to 1, 4 and 6 post-natal days. The level of hANP did not show any significant correlation with urinary excretion of Na, urinary Na/Cr or Na/K ratios. Further evaluations should be made in order to clarify the role of hANP during the early post-natal period.     

Growth Hormone Secretion and Growth Hormone Treatment in Children with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Albertsson-Wikland, K. (Departments of Paediatrics II and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden). Growth hormone secretion and growth hormone treatment in children with intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 349: 35, 1989.
Few children with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) fail to show catch-up growth during the first year of life. There may he many reasons for this, ranging from disturbances of hormone production to hormonal unresponsiveness of target cells. This report presents preliminary data on growth hormone (GH) secretion and responses to GH treatment in 16 children with IUGR and poor catch-up growth, six of whom had Silver-Russell stigmata. GH secretion was assessed by measurement of the GH response to an arginine-insulin test and determination of spontaneous GH secretion over 24 hours. GH production was heterogeneous hut, more often than expected, children showed both a low response to GH provocation and low spontaneous secretion of GH. Five out of six of the children with Silver-Russell syndrome and seven out of 10 of the children with non-Silver-Russell IUGR gained more than 2 cm in height during 1 year of treatment with GH at a dose of 0.1 IU/kg/day. These results clearly demonstrate that some children with IUGR and poor catch-up growth secrete insufficient amounts of GH, and that many of these very short children show an improvement in growth rate during treatment with physiological doses of GH.     

Investigation of Growth Hormone Secretion in Patients with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Rochiccioli, P., Tauher, M., Moisan, V. and Pienkowski C. (Department of Paediatrics, CHU Rangneil, Toulonse Cedex, France). Investigations of growth hormone secretion in patients with intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 349: 42, 1989.
Growth hormone (GH) deficiencies have rarely been reported in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). This study has investigated GH secretion using GH provocation tests, 24-hour GH secretory profiles, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) measurements in 24 children with intrauterine growth retardation. The criteria for diagnosis were a birth length and weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. The average age at investigation was 5.5 years, and the average growth retardation was -3.3 SD. Twenty children had shown catch-up growth between the ages of 6 months and 3 years, followed by varying decreases in growth velocity. Studies of GH secretion demonstrated GH deficiency in 16 patients, with neurosecretory dysfunction in six. Treatment with pituitary GH in nine children increased mean growth velocity from 3.5 cm/year to 7 cm/year. GH therapy should thus be effective in improving the height prognosis of children with intrauterine growth retardation.     

Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide during Exchange Transfusion in Premature Infants

ABSTRACT. Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and hemodynamic parameters were investigated in five premature infants undergoing exchange transfusion. Baseline values of ANP were 51.7 ± 21.2 fmol/ml. Volume depletion by withdrawal of 10 ml blood did not cause changes in systolic blood pressure (79.4 ± 4.3 vs. 71.4 ± 5.6 mmHg) and heart rate (115 ± 5.2 vs. 115 ± 2.4 b/min). ANP levels in plasma remained unaltered (53.4 ± 24.9 fmol/ml). Replacement of 10 ml blood increased central venous pressure by 33% and ANP concentration in the plasma by nearly 30%, while heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged. Our data indicate that the heart of the premature infant responded to acute blood replacement with increased ANP-release, while blood removal appeared not to influence hormone regulation.     

急性心力衰竭患儿血浆脑钠素及心钠素水平的变化

目的探讨急性心力衰竭患儿血浆脑钠素(BNP)及心钠素(ANP)水平变化及其意义。方法选择不同病因的充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患儿46例及肺炎患儿40例、先天性心脏病患儿31例、健康儿童40例,应用酶联免疫吸附法分别检测血浆BNP及ANP水平,用多普勒超声心动图测量心力衰竭患儿心衰期及恢复期心脏指数(CI)及左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果CHF患儿心衰前期BNP即开始升高,心衰时达高峰(P<0.001),恢复期BNP水平渐下降,但仍高于正常值(P<0.001);心衰时心脏CI、LVEF均明显下降(P<0.01);CHF患儿心衰时升高的BNP水平与CI、LVEF均呈明显负相关(r=-0.61,0.79P均<0.05);同时测定的ANP动态变化趋势与BNP类似;CHF患儿心衰时的BNP/ANP比值远远高于正常对照;心衰时BNP与ANP异常率比较有显著差异(P<0.05);心衰时BNP水平与LVEF、CI值相关性优于ANP。结论CHF患儿血清BNP及ANP水平明显升高.且与心衰程度关系密切,BNP反映心脏功能改变较ANP更敏感,更具有特异性。     

Role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in the Diuresis of a Newborn Infant with the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

ABSTRACT. A fullterm infant had fetal distress and stained amnion. He underwent an exchange blood transfusion at 12 hours after birth because of hyperbilirubinemia. He developed oliguria combined with high urine osmolality during the first 27 hours of life despite normal creatinine clearance. The diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was made on the basis of high urine osmolality, low plasma osmolality and elevated plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration. We determined the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration for the first 4 days of life. After 27 hours after birth, urine volume increased while plasma AVP concentration remained high. On the other hand, plasma ANP concentration gradually increased after 27 hours of life. We speculate that ANP may play an important role in producing the spontaneous diuresis in the newborn infant with SIADH.     

Malondialdehyde Level in the Cord Blood of Newborn Infants

Objective

In this study, we aim to demonstrate that measurement of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the umbilical cord blood of newborn infants born via cesarean section (C/S) and normal vaginal delivery (NVD) is indicative of oxidative stress during the perinatal period.

Methods

The study was conducted at Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital between January 2006 and April 2006 on 15 newborns born via elective C/S, 15 newborns born via emergency C/S, and 15 newborns born via normal vaginal delivery. Complete blood count, total bilirubin, glucose, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), uric acid, iron, blood gas, and malondialdehyde levels were measured in the umbilical cord blood

Findings

Malondialdehyde levels in the umbilical cord blood in the emergency C/S and NVD groups were found to be statistically and significantly higher than those in the elective C/S group. In the emergency C/S group, it was determined that the malondialdehyde level increased as the oxygen saturation of the umbilical cord blood increased. In the NVD group, a positive correlation was detected between the total bilirubin and malondialdehyde levels in the umbilical cord blood. In the emergency C/S group, the malondialdehyde level was recorded to be high in the infants with high level of uric acid in the umbilical cord blood.

Conclusion

We concluded that the malondialdehyde level in umbilical cord blood could serve as an indication of perinatal oxidative stress and that it could thus help in preventing permanent damage.