惠州市区蝇类种群分布及季节消长调查

目的掌握市区各类蝇种的分布特点及其生态习性,控制蝇类的孳生与繁殖,为防制蝇类工作提供技术指导。方法在市区选择5个调查点采用笼诱法诱捕蝇类。结果惠州市区蝇类分属3科4属6种,家蝇、麻蝇、金蝇和绿蝇为优势蝇种,分别占35.44%、22.78%、21.10%、16.39%。结论灭蝇工作是一项全社会性的工作,蝇类种群除与孳生物的种类和数量有关外,还与环境气温有很大的关系,采取综合防治措施才能有效地控制蝇类。     

上海城区世博前后蝇类种群及密度消长变化的研究

选取成蝇较易出现的公园和居民区环境类型,采用腐鱼笼诱法分别于2002与2013年对上海中心城区世博建设前后蝇类群落构成和季节消长状况进行监测并对比分析.结果显示,与2002年相比,2013年居民区环境蝇密度显著下降,捕获的蝇种类总数稍有上升;最优势蝇种由2002年的丝光绿蝇转变为2013年的大头金蝇（当年构成比分别为46.06％和20.50％）,亮绿蝇、元厕蝇的密度及构成比较2002年显著上升.2002与2013年成蝇高峰分别均出现于6月份,2013年夏季气温高热造成7月份出现一个波动较大的低谷;丝光绿蝇在不同年代的季节分布差异较明显,其他蝇种分布趋势前后较吻合.据此推论上海城区蝇类侵害以丽蝇科为主,不同监测环境差异较大;城区卫生环境的改善对减少住区蝇滋生起了重要作用,但人口密度高、部分老城区环境复杂、各行业所产生垃圾较多而容易造成蝇类滋生侵害的状况依然存在,蝇类防控措施应针对金蝇和绿蝇等优势蝇种开展,防控工作任重而道远.     

应用圆形分布法分析深圳市肾综合征出血热季节性特征

目的探讨深圳市肾综合征出血热（HFRS）发生的季节性特征,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法应用圆形分布法对深圳市2005-2009年肾综合征出血热疫情资料进行统计分析。结果 2005-2009年深圳市共报告肾综合征出血热145例,年发病率0.18/10万～0.49/10万。圆形分布统计结果显示发病高峰日为3月2日,季节性分布不明显（r=0.2329,P〉0.05）。结论深圳市近几年HFRS的发病呈散在分布,无明显的季节性,应制定相应的防控措施。     

蝇类密度控制标准的现状

蝇密度控制标准是一个判断蝇类控制效果指标体系,一个有效的蝇密度控制标准必须能够确定何时应采取控制措施以及控制措施的效果。目前几乎没有蝇密度控制标准可利用,全国爱卫会印发的文件规定的《灭鼠、蚊、蝇、蟑螂标准》的内容许多已不适合当前的灭蝇工作需要,因此制定一个适用于地区和独立建筑的蝇密度控制标准十分必要。     

集中度和圆形分布法分析蓬莱市肾综合征出血热季节性的应用

目的分析蓬莱市肾综合征出血热发病高峰期的集中时间,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法用圆形分布法将数据进行三角函数转换,求平均角α、角离差s,并进行假设检验和均数比较。结果集中度值M=0.3685;圆形分布法分析显示,r=0.3472,ā=90.40°,s=83.34,高峰期（ā±s）=（7.06,173.74）,Z值37.3719≥6.907（0.001,∝）（查Z界值表）,即P〈0.001。结论蓬莱肾综合征出血热发病高峰期为1月上旬至6月下旬,此前,开展防鼠灭鼠、加强疫情监测、发现疑似病例等措施意义重大。     

我国嗜尸性蝇类分布的相关文献综述

为明确中国嗜尸性蝇类主要种类的分布,以方便各地区法医昆虫学的研究与应用。本文根据国内外有关法医昆虫学的记载及我们在广东的研究确定其主要种类,然后根据各地卫生防疫部门有关卫生蝇类的调查报告统计分析其分布。结果表明:对于本文所统计的4科40种嗜尸性蝇类,有8种在全国均有分布,32种只分布于局部地区,6种主要分布于北方,6种主要分布于南方。初步明确嗜尸性蝇类在中国的分布情况,为我国各地区法医昆虫学的研究提供有关基础参数资料。     

四川省有瓣蝇类区系分布研究

1979～2006年采用网捕法,调查四川省有瓣蝇类区系分布情况。四川地区有瓣蝇类有1173种,隶属9科220属,以东洋界蝇类为主,有803种（含特有种537种）,占已知种的68．46％,其次为（东洋＋古北）界种,有254种,占21．65％。国内动物区系分布以西南区蝇类分布为主,有621种,占已知种的59．24％,其次为（西南＋青藏）区种,有63种,占5．37％。以上数据表明,四川地区有瓣蝇类世界区系分布以东洋区蝇类为主,国内区系分布以西南区为主。     

广东省佛山市某镇白纹伊蚊密度季节消长情况调查分析

目的了解和掌握佛山市某镇白纹伊蚊的季节消长情况,为当地开展登革热防控工作提供依据。方法用诱捕器进行4d为一周期的成蚊诱捕以及诱卵现场实验,并根据季节的诱捕结果估算白纹伊蚊的密度消长情况。结果 2008年秋季至2009年夏季,4次实验共捕获成蚊282只,包括白纹伊蚊161只;收集蚊卵5954个。实验结果显示四个季度之间蚊媒密度的差异具有统计学意义。其中,诱蚊诱卵指数（MOI）（χ2=52.172,P〈0.000）,诱蚊指数（MI）（χ2=47.664,P〈0.000）,诱卵指数（OI）（χ2=44.525,P〈0.000）,诱蚊密度指数（MDI）（F=17.448,P〈0.000）,蚊卵密度指数（EDI）（F=13.454,P〈0.000）。结论当地白纹伊蚊夏秋两季的阳性指数与密度指数均比冬春两季高且差异具有统计学意义。其中,夏末秋初是蚊媒密度的高峰。本次实验结果与传统监测指标所反映的密度变化趋势一致。     

蝇类密度监测方法的现状

蝇密度监测是制定预防控制以蝇为媒介的传染性疾病策略、考核防制效果以及评价一个地区环境状况的依据。因此建立一种或多种具有可比性、可操作性、科学的监测方法十分重要。常用的蝇类监测方法有笼诱法、目测法、格栅法等。在笼诱法测定中,诱饵对家蝇、大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇3种城市主要蝇种的引诱作用及可比性极为重要。糖醋饵对家蝇的引诱力要优于腐鱼,对大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇也有较好的引诱力,且具有可比性。在添加与醋等量的水之后,可以将糖醋饵的引诱力提高一倍。     

四省蝇类密度控制国家标准应用现状抽样数据分析

为对我国现行《病媒生物密度控制水平蝇类》(GB/T 27772-2011)标准的实施状况进行评价,为修订标准、更好地应用标准提供依据,本研究采用抽样问卷调查方式收集湖北、山西、江苏和云南4省的爱卫组织、疾控中心和PCO共3类机构以及重点行业应用标准的情况,分析成效,归纳修订建议.调查结果显示,被调查机构和重点行业知晓该标准的比例分别达到100％、86.50％,接受过该标准培训的分别占93.56％、63.83％.比较3类机构掌握程度,不同级别爱卫办的组间差异无统计学意义,不同类型重点行业的组间差异无统计学意义,但不同级别疾控中心的组间差异有统计学意义,省、地市级/省直管市级的要高于县区级;不同资质PCO公司的组间差异也有统计学意义,通过服务能力资质等级评定的企业要高于无资质的.在标准知识方面,爱卫组织掌握定性指标的正确率总体低于其他机构和重点行业,各类机构和重点行业的组内没有差异.爱卫组织和疾控机构100％使用了标准,应用方式前3位分别是卫生城市(区、县)创建(93.96％)、开展本地蝇类防治达标考核(74.16％)、举办相关技术培训(69.80％);PCO有94.4％使用了标准,应用方式前3位分别是用于与政府或单位签订购买服务的合同条款(85.56％)、作为服务考核的依据(占82.22％)、举办相关技术培训(71.11％);重点行业中有86.5％了解到《标准》对工作场所有要求,其中有96.4％使用了《标准》.应用标准后,83.76％机构认为对业务能力的提升作用很大,86.02％机构和用户认为可促进环境好转,97.16％机构认为该标准能满足蝇类防治工作需求.至于对标准修定的需求,90.21％被调查机构认为可以不修订标准,但不同级别疾控中心存在组间差异,省级、地市级(含省直管市)疾控中心人员认为需要修订的较区县级多,有统计学意义.针对标准执行、修订和使用方面的开放性调查,共归纳出10条建议.总体调查认为本标准发挥了专业规范作用,各项评价指标大体合适;标准得到了广泛应用,产生了良好的社会和经济效益.为更好地应用标准,建议修改时标准语言更通俗化,增加5万以下人口的抽样量,分类制定评价操作指南、不同场所防蝇设施要求等.     

2006-2010年重庆市北碚区急性出血性结膜炎流行情况分析

目的通过对2006-2010年重庆市北碚区急性出血性结膜炎（AHC）流行病学特点进行分析,为AHC的防控工作提供科学依据。方法利用来自国家疾病报告管理信息系统的疫情资料,对重庆市北碚区2006-2010年AHC监测数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果重庆市北碚区2006-2010年报告AHC病例1152例,年平均发病率38.39/10万,各年发病率差异有统计学意义（χ2=992.88,P〈0.05）,童家溪镇（225例）、天生街道（161例）和歇马镇（85例）报告病例数较多,8-10月为发病高峰,此间报告病例977例,占报告病例总数的84.81%;报告病例数最多的年龄段为10～19岁（521例）,男女发病率差异有统计学意义（χ2=117.18,P〈0.05）,男性高于女性;职业以学生（58.68%）和农民（10.42%）为主。结论北碚区AHC防控关键时期在5-7月,防控重点对象是男性、学生和农民,中学校为重点地区,加强健康教育宣传,发生疫情后采取有效的控制措施是防控AHC暴发流行的关键。     

Clinical profile of Parkinson's disease in the Gumei community of Minhang district,Shanghai

OBJECTIVE:

We examined the demographic and clinical profiles of Parkinson''s disease in Shanghai, China, to assist in disease management and provide comparative data on Parkinson''s disease prevalence, phenotype, and progression among different regions and ethnic groups.

METHODS:

A door-to-door survey and follow-up clinical examinations identified 180 community-dwelling Han-Chinese Parkinson''s disease patients (104 males, 76 females).

RESULTS:

The average age at onset was 65.16±9.60 years. The most common initial symptom was tremor (112 patients, 62.22%), followed by rigidity (38, 21.11%), bradykinesia (28, 15.56%) and tremor plus rigidity (2, 1.11%). Tremor as the initial symptom usually began in a single limb (83.04% of patients). The average duration from onset to mild Parkinson''s disease (Hoehn-Yahr phase 1–2) was 52.74±45.64 months. Progression from mild to moderate/severe Parkinson''s disease (phase≥3) was significantly slower (87.07±58.72 months; p<0.001), except for patients presenting initially with bradykinesia (53.83±24.49 months). Most patients (149/180, 82.78%) took levodopa with or without other drugs. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale revealed symptoms of clinical anxiety in 35 patients, and the Hamilton Depression Scale revealed depressive symptoms in 88 patients. The depressed or anxious subgroup (123 patients) demonstrated a significantly younger age at onset (55.54±7.68 years) compared with the overall mean (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Unilateral limb tremor was the most common initial symptom, and motor function deteriorated slowly over ≈4−9 years. Earlier-onset patients experience greater psychiatric dysfunction.     

Seasonal changes in the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐testes axis of the japanese wood mouse (Apodemus speciosus)

Seasonal changes in the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐testes axis of the Japanese wood mice (Apodemus speciosus) were studied. The testes, epididymis, pituitary and hypothalamus were compared between mice in the breeding season (July) and non‐breeding season (October) using morphological techniques, and the plasma testosterone level was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. Significant differences in these tissues were observed between the breeding season and the non‐breeding season. Specifically, differences in the non‐breeding season included 1) a decline in testicular and epididymal weights, arrest of spermatogenesis and decrease of serum testosterone concentration; 2) a decrease in the number of luteinizing hormone (LH)‐, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)‐, prolactin (PRL)‐, and growth hormone (GH)‐immunoreactive cells, and decrease in the size of FSH, PRL, and GH‐immunoreactive cells; and 3) an increase in the size of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)‐immunoreactive neurons. Our findings indicate that the male adult Japanese wood mouse exhibits unique seasonal changes in the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐testes axis which are not found in laboratory mice. Anat Rec 260:366–372, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Relationship between the distribution of myofibroblasts,and stellar and circular scar formation due to the contraction of square and circular wound healing

Square skin wounds can heal to form a stellar scar with four protrusions at the four angles, whereas circular wounds can heal to form an ellipsoid scar. It is not clear why these differences occur and the aim of the present study was to clarify this phenomenon. Two square or circular full-thickness skin wounds were made on the dorsum of mice, and covered with hydrocolloid dressing. They were observed from day 0 to 15 after wounding, and used to prepare paraffin sections stained with anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody to detect myofibroblasts. The square wound was transiently enlarged by edema and skin tension on day 3, at which time the angles became round, and thus the square form became more circular. Thereafter, the wound contracted rapidly and the circular form was maintained until day 11. On day 11 distinct angles appeared where the scar formation had progressed further, and there were fewer myofibroblasts than in any other section. A stellar scar with protrusions from the four angles was formed on day 15, when myofibroblasts almost disappeared in the protrusions. This indicates that due to the earlier disappearance of myofibroblasts and earlier scarring in the angles of the square wound, the scar angle cannot be pulled into the center of the wound but residual myofibroblasts on the side can pull the side into the center due to myofibroblastic contraction and consequently a stellar scar is formed. Thus, the earlier disappearance of myofibroblasts in the angles is very important for the formation of stellar scars.     

Epidemiological survey and genetic evolution of H9 subtype influenza viruses in Shanghai, China, from 2006 to 2010

The H9N2 influenza virus is endemic in poultry. We report its occurrence in live-poultry markets, fair-trade markets and poultry farms in the Shanghai region between September 2006 and December 2010. An analysis of partial sequences of the HA, NA, PB1, PB2 and NP genes of eleven distinct H9N2 isolates revealed that all carried an RSSR motif at the cleavage site of HA, diagnostic of low pathogenicity in chickens. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that these isolates are derived from the lineage represented by Duck/HK/Y280/97, but they have evolved a range of reassortments. Their PB1 and NP sequences resembled those of H5N1 strains, indicating a hybrid origin involving both H9 and H5 strains. The HA and NA sequences present in all eleven isolates resembled those of the Duck/HK/Y280/97-like lineage. Infection by H9N2 is commonplace in Shanghai live-poultry markets, allowing the viruses to have evolved rapidly.     

北京市丰台区2006-2010年出生缺陷监测数据分析

目的分析丰台区出生缺陷的发生情况及相关因素,探索降低出生缺陷发生的干预措施。方法对2006～2010年北京市丰台区出生缺陷监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2006～2010年出生缺陷总发生率为110.5/万,各年的出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势;按照出生缺陷病种分类,位于前3位的为多指（趾）、外耳畸形、先天性心脏病;男婴与女婴出生缺陷发生率比较具有显著性差异;母亲户籍、分娩年龄、婴儿出生体重、孕周等是出生缺陷发生的影响因素。结论做好出生缺陷监测工作,加强出生缺陷三级预防,是降低出生缺陷发生的必要措施。     

深圳市福田区2006-2012年医疗机构消毒效果监测分析

目的了解深圳市福田区医疗机构消毒效果。方法对2006-2012年146家医疗机构消毒效果监测数据进行分析。结果共采样12287份,合格11857份,合格率96.5%。2006-2012年合格率分别为96.7%、97.2%、95.2%、95.9%、95.2%、97.9%、97.2%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=39.465,P〈0.05）。室内空气、物体表面、医护人员手、使用中消毒液、污水合格率依次为97.3%、97.2%、90.9%、99.7%、98.9%、96.5%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=374.858,P〈0.05）。市级医院、区级医院、私营医院和个体诊所的消毒合格率分别为97.8%、97.9%、97.3%和94.1%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=104.470,P〈0.05）。结论采取措施加强对医疗机构消毒工作的管理,重点是个体诊所和手卫生方面。