急性颈椎间盘突出症的诊断与治疗（附36例报告）

目的：探讨急性颈椎间盘突出症的诊断和治疗。方法：对３６例急性颈椎间盘突出症进行磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）检查，观察其特点。采取颈前路手术方法治疗，并对其中３３例进行６～５９个月（平均３４个月）随访。结果：在ＭＲＩ片上，本病可分为中央型和侧方型，以前者居多。随访结果显示：术后优良率为９１．７％。结论：ＭＲＩ对本病的确诊具有重要价值。对保守治疗效果不佳者，应选择颈前路手术治疗。     

CT和MRI对颈椎病的诊断价值

目的：评价ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ对颈椎病的诊断价值。材料和方法：复习９０例颈椎病患者的术前和术后的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ（８６例超低场，４例超导高场）影像，对其骨性结构和椎管内容物进行对比。结果：ＭＲＩ对颈椎间盘突出的显示优于ＣＴ。颈椎管狭窄的ＣＴ显示优于ＭＲＩ。后纵韧带骨化的ＣＴ显示优于ＭＲＩ。ＭＲＩ对脊髓受压程度的评估优于ＣＴ。ＣＴ能较好的评估术后减压范围和椎管扩大程度。ＭＲＩ在术后六个月可用于预测脊髓功能的恢复。结论：ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对颈椎病的诊断和术后评估很在价值，二者可互为补充。     

椎动脉型颈椎病MRI与MRA的临床应用

目的：回顾性评价和比较椎动脉型颈椎病的ＭＲＩ与ＭＲＡ影像学价值。方法：１３例中均有颈椎退变及颈性眩晕，ＭＲＩ采用ＳＥＴ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ，或ＧＲ序列，轴位，矢状位、冠状位成像。用２Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ检查。结果：９／１３例（６９．２％）中钩突增生，小关节突增生２例，椎间盘变窄４例，椎间盘外侧型突出３例，椎体不稳４例，颈椎横突骨折１例，以上原因造成椎动脉的扭曲，变细狭窄，闭塞等。ＭＲＡ示椎动脉狭窄变细７例，阻塞２例。椎动脉迂曲１１例，均与颈椎病有关。结论：ＭＲＩ与ＭＲＡ联合评价椎动脉型颈椎病是获得信息最多的组合方式，其临床应用将更广泛     

颈椎间盘突出的MRI诊断价值

目的：探讨颈椎间盘突出的MRI诊断价值。方法：对62例颈椎间盘突出进行磁共振成像检查。结果：本病可分为中央型和侧方型突出，MRI可直接显示颈椎间盘突出的部位、类型、椎体终板及脊柱韧带的结构，观察脊髓和神经根受压程度和变性，并可早期显示椎间盘退变情况。结论：MRI对本病的确诊及治疗方案的选择具有重要价值。     

下颈椎小关节脱位与颈椎间盘损伤

下颈椎小关节脱位,多伴随椎体的半脱位,常累及椎管或椎间孔,损伤脊髓或神经根,引起神经功能障碍。对其治疗,一般采用早期闭合复位,失败后行手术切开复位。但随着磁共振成像(ＭＲＩ)的广泛应用,人们发现小关节脱位合并颈椎间盘损伤的发生率很高,且有突出的椎间盘在复位过程中或复位后引起神经功能恶化的报道[1-4],从而提出ＭＲＩ检查应优先于早期复位[1,2]。笔者对小关节脱位时,颈椎间盘损伤的地位综述如下。一、下颈椎与颈椎间盘的结构特点颈椎间盘与腰椎间盘的结构不完全相同。Ｍｅｒｃｅｒ等[5]通过对12具成人尸体的显微解剖发现,颈椎间盘…     

无骨折脱位颈段脊髓损伤的MRI表现

目的：探讨无骨折脱闰颈段脊髓损伤的机制及ＭＲＩ表现。方法：收集１５例经Ｘ线,ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ检查未见骨折脱位的颈段脊髓损伤的病例。所有病例均行矢状位,轴位扫描,均行ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ及ＦＳＥ序列Ｔ２ＷＩ。结果：７例有颈椎间盘突出,其中４０岁以上的有６例,前纵韧带撕裂５例,４例为４０岁以上,脊髓受压７例,为突出间盘及肥厚黄韧带压迫所致。所有病例在Ｔ２ＷＩ均呈现出明显的异常信号。脊髓挫伤,水肿１１例,出血１     

颈椎过伸性损伤的MRI诊断(附12例报告)

目的：探讨颈椎过伸性损伤的ＭＲＩ表现及价值，材料与方法：回顾性分析１２例有典型外伤史患者的ＭＲＩ资料及临床资料，结果：颈椎过伸性损伤依暴力的大小不同依次伤及前纵韧带，椎间盘，脊髓及后部附件结构，ＭＲＩ所表现的椎前血肿，前纵韧带断裂，椎间盘突出，椎体挫伤及脊髓受压变形，附件结构损伤具有特征性，结论：ＭＲＩ可以反映颈椎过伸性损伤的全部损伤机制及其形成的病理改变，是诊断过伸性颈椎损伤的最好方法。     

经皮穿刺颈椎间盘切割抽吸术的护理

１９９３年１０月至今,我院放射科介入室应用经皮穿刺颈椎间盘切割术（ＰＣＤ）技术治疗颈椎间盘突出症,效果显著。现将治疗９９例病人的护理报告如下。一、临床资料９９例经临床和ＭＲＩ诊断为颈椎间盘突出症病人,年龄２６～６９岁。男５３例,女４６例。椎间盘突出平面１节者６２例,２节者３５例,３节者３例。突出部位颈２～３　１例,颈３～４　１８例,颈４～５　４１例,颈５～６　６２例,颈６～７　２３例。平均住院３．７天。二、护理要点（一）心理护理　ＰＣＤ术是一项新技术,采用经颈动脉三角区穿刺,属敏感危险区,病人对…     

颈椎病椎动脉血流的MR测量研究

颈椎病椎动脉血流的ＭＲ测量研究陈彦徐家兴李恩中张光武颈椎病是临床常见病。颈椎常规ＭＲＩ可精确地显示椎间盘变性突出、椎间孔和椎管狭窄、脊髓受压及髓内异常信号，对神经根型、脊髓型颈椎病的诊断具有较高参考价值，但对椎动脉型颈椎病尚较难提供可靠的诊断依据。Ｍ...     

颈椎椎间盘突出症与压迫性脊髓软化症(MR 表现与分期)

探讨颈椎椎间盘突出症所致压迫性脊髓软化症的ＭＲ表现和分期。方法回顾性分析２００例颈椎椎间盘突出症的ＭＲＩ表现。结果２２例出现脊髓信号改变。结论ＭＲ是诊断压迫性兴 软化症最好的方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.