鼻内镜下中鼻道径路治疗上颌窦黏膜囊肿36例

上颌窦囊肿是临床常见病和多发病，囊肿较大时引起患者头昏、头痛，常影响患者生活质量，彻底切除的方法是上颌窦根治术。我科在局部麻醉下，经鼻内镜行中鼻道径路手术冶疗上颌窦黏膜囊肿36例，疗效满意，现报告如下。     

改良上颌窦根治术治疗上颌窦囊肿45例

近10余年来，我国鼻外科发展迅速，内窥镜鼻窦外科技术逐步普及。但我国地域广大、科学技术发展很不平衡。特别是边远地区和县、镇级医院，上颌窦根治、下鼻道开窗术仍然是解除局部病痛的基本手术方法。自2003年3月～2006年3月，笔者在传统的手术方法上加以改进，采用改良上颌窦根治术，治疗45例上颌窦囊肿的病人，收到了满意的效果。报道如下。     

真菌性鼻窦炎50例临床分析

目的 探讨真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断要点和治疗方法.方法 50例患者术前均作鼻窦 CT扫描.其中非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎22例,上颌窦受累16例(双侧均受累2例),蝶窦6 例,筛窦6例.鼻内镜下传统上颌窦根治术及钓突切除术23例,经鼻内钓突切除、前筛开放、上颌窦自然口扩大及经下鼻道钻孔上颌窦冲洗术21例,Wigland术式行蝶窦开放及病灶清除术6例.50例中同期行鼻中隔矫正术 11 例.术后定期清理及鼻窦冲洗,部分患者应用抗真菌药物及类固醇激素治疗.结果 术后病理报告50例均见真菌菌丝,部分病例见到孢子.随访2个月至5年,3例复发,48例治愈.结论 CT对本病的诊断有重要价值,应注意其与慢性化脓性上颌窦炎及上颌窦恶性肿瘤的区别;手术彻底清除病灶、通畅引流是其治疗的主要手段.     

内镜经泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦前内下壁病变

目的　探讨鼻内镜下经泪前隐窝径路治疗上颌窦病变的临床效果。 方法　回顾性分析了2008年1月~2018年1月三家医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的采用内镜辅助下经泪前隐窝入路治疗的各种上颌窦病变患者67例的临床资料。 结果　上颌窦内下壁囊肿20例,上颌窦内下壁息肉6例,内翻性乳头状瘤2例,真菌球性鼻-鼻窦炎23例,变态反应性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎13例,慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎1例。所有患者术后定期随访半年以上未见复发。 结论　鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路能够充分显露上颌窦腔,彻底切除上颌窦内的病变,手术操作方便,能够有效治疗上颌窦各种良性病变,如有明显的泪前隐窝及齿槽隐窝存在,可作为上颌窦前内下壁病变的首选手术入路。     

内镜经泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦前内下壁病变

目的　探讨鼻内镜下经泪前隐窝径路治疗上颌窦病变的临床效果。 方法　回顾性分析了2008年1月~2018年1月三家医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的采用内镜辅助下经泪前隐窝入路治疗的各种上颌窦病变患者67例的临床资料。 结果　上颌窦内下壁囊肿20例,上颌窦内下壁息肉6例,内翻性乳头状瘤2例,真菌球性鼻-鼻窦炎23例,变态反应性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎13例,慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎1例。所有患者术后定期随访半年以上未见复发。 结论　鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路能够充分显露上颌窦腔,彻底切除上颌窦内的病变,手术操作方便,能够有效治疗上颌窦各种良性病变,如有明显的泪前隐窝及齿槽隐窝存在,可作为上颌窦前内下壁病变的首选手术入路。     

“吸除法”上颌窦囊肿取出术

目的探讨鼻内窥镜下去除单纯上颌窦囊肿简单有效的方法。方法21例单纯上颌窦囊肿患者均经鼻内窥镜上颌窦自然开口扩大"吸引法"上颌窦囊肿吸除。结果21例手术均获成功,术后恢复良好,随访无复发。结论"吸引法"上颌窦囊肿取出术治疗单纯上颌窦囊肿,操作简便、创伤小、效果满意。     

鼻内镜下改良Denker术式在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨鼻内镜下改良Denker术式在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤手术中的应用,术中保留鼻泪管和下鼻甲,进入上颌窦的方法。方法 35例住院手术患者,男21例,女14例,年龄39～76岁,平均45岁。术前均行组织病理学检查确诊为鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤。手术在全麻下进行。在下鼻甲前梨状孔缘弧形切开,暴露梨状孔缘,凿除下鼻道相对应的梨状孔缘,咬骨钳咬除部分下鼻道和犬齿窝骨壁,鼻内镜直视下完成窦内病灶清除,如病变范围较大可扩大骨窗解剖鼻泪管,鼻泪管受累则切除之,同期行鼻腔泪囊造孔术,术终完成下鼻道开窗。结果 35例患者均为单侧发病,鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头肿瘤Krouse分期Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级20例,Ⅳ级1例。术中见肿瘤起源于鼻腔外侧壁或上颌窦,上颌窦各壁均可受累,前、内壁明显。术后随访12～67个月,平均22个月,术腔上皮化,下鼻甲形态良好。1例术后6个月下鼻道开窗口局部复发,清理后再无复发。2例行鼻腔泪囊造孔术,术后无溢泪等并发症。结论鼻内镜下改良Denker术式梨状孔缘切口进入上颌窦,最大限度地保留鼻腔及泪道的功能,为彻底切除鼻腔及上颌窦病灶提供新的微创入路和方法。     

鼻内窥镜下经上颌窦开口切除上颌窦囊肿

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜下切除上颌窦囊肿的方法。方法：鼻内窥镜下经上颌窦开口单纯上颌窦囊肿摘除术36例，其中单侧囊肿30例，双侧囊肿6例。顶壁囊肿4侧，前壁囊肿6侧，后壁囊肿6侧，底壁囊肿9侧，内侧壁囊肿11侧，自然开口处囊肿2侧。同一侧同时有底壁和后壁囊肿的2侧，同时有内侧壁和底壁囊肿的有2侧。单纯使用粘膜钳切除18侧，对24侧底壁囊肿和内侧壁囊肿同时结合使用电动切割器切除囊肿。结果：所有囊肿均在鼻内窥镜下经上颌窦开口完全切除。术后无明显并发症。随访0．5～2a，无复发。结论：应用鼻内窥镜经上颌窦开口切除上颌窦囊肿创伤小，操作简便，治疗效果确切，是治疗上颌窦囊肿的有效方法。     

上颌窦内镜手术的解剖与临床

上颌窦病变的处理自Caldwell（1893年）和Luc（1897年）报道后形成了经典的Caldwell—Luc手术,在临床上已应用了近百年,成为治疗上颌窦病变的规范化手术方式。内镜手术兴起后,内镜下筛窦开放术加上颌窦开窗术逐渐替代Caldwell-Luc手术成为鼻科临床最常见的手术方式。     

双侧上颌窦含牙囊肿1例并文献回顾

<正>含牙囊肿又称卵泡囊肿,是一种发育性异常,约占颌骨囊肿的25%,男性发病率高于女性~([1])。常常累及下颌第三磨牙和上颌前牙或将牙齿挤压移位,引起骨质破坏、牙根吸收、相邻牙齿移位、病理性骨折、神经损伤等~([2-4])。含牙囊肿早期不易察觉,往往因所在部位发生骨质膨胀或牙齿迟萌被发现,其治疗方法一般包括囊肿刮治术及开窗引流术。2016年2月我科诊治1例双侧上颌窦巨大含牙囊肿伴前牙反牙合患者,于全身麻醉下两次行囊肿刮治术,取得较好的治疗效果,现报道如下。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。