黄连与盐酸小檗碱对幽门螺杆菌的体外抗菌活性

目的:探讨黄连与盐酸小檗碱对幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacterpylori,H.pylori)的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用纸片扩散法测量抑菌环大小和液体倍比稀释法测定黄连和盐酸小檗碱的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:对于H.pylori的MIC黄连70%酒精提取物为0.0156g/ml,盐酸小檗碱为0.025g/ml。结论:黄连与盐酸小檗碱对H.pylori均具有一定的抗菌活性,黄连的抗菌活性相对较好。     

黄芩有效化学成分及抑菌作用的研究分析

目的观察水煮法及乙醇回流法提取黄芩有效成分的抑菌效果。方法采用水煮法及乙醇回流法提取黄芩有效成分然后分别制得两法提取黄芩有效成分结晶物,并对4种提取物对肠炎沙门氏菌体外抑菌活性进行比较。结果黄芩水煮法提取液的最低抑菌浓度范围在125～500mg/ml,乙醇回流法提取液的最低抑菌浓度范围在62.5～250mg/ml。水煮法提取黄芩结晶物对肠炎沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度为1.25～5.00mg/ml,乙醇回流法提取的黄芩结晶物对肠炎沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.625～1.25mg/ml。结论乙醇回流法提取黄芩有效成分的抑菌效果较水煮法好。     

白背叶根提取物的体外抑菌试验

目的:比较白背叶根四种溶剂(水、50％乙醇、70％乙醇、90％乙醇)提取物的体外抑菌作用.方法:采用平皿二倍稀释法分别观察白背叶根四种提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株(G+)、金黄色葡萄球菌耐药株(G+)、大肠杆菌(G-)、变形杆菌(G-)、枯草杆菌(G+)、绿脓杆菌(G-)等六种病原菌的体外抑菌活性.结果:四种白背叶根提取物对六种供试菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中水提物及90％醇提物的体外抗菌MIC浓度均≥140 mg/ml;70％醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株的体外抗菌MIC浓度为70 mg/ml,对余五种供试菌的体外抗菌MIC浓度均≥140 mg/ml; 50％醇提物对六种供试菌的体外抗菌MIC浓度均≤140 mg/ml.结论:白背叶根四种提取物体外均有广谱的抑菌活性,其中以50％醇提物抑菌效果最好.     

黄芩苷体外对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌活性影响的研究

目的研究从中药黄芩干燥根中提取分离药效成分黄芩苷体外对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌活性的影响。方法以琼脂扩散法、液体稀释微孔板法检测黄芩苷对MRSA的抑菌环大小、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC);以96孔酶标板结晶紫法检测黄芩苷对MRSA的最小生物膜清除浓度(MBEC)。结果与DMSO比较,黄芩苷与氯霉素(阳性对照药物)对MRSA的抑菌环半径显著增加(P0.01),与氯霉素比较,黄芩苷对MRSA的抑菌环半径显著缩小(P0.05);黄芩苷对MRSA的MIC为0.5mg/ml;MBC为1mg/ml;黄芩苷对MRSA的MBEC为0.5mg/ml。结论黄芩苷对MRSA有一定的抗菌、抑菌作用,其效应机制可能与其抑制细菌生物膜的形成有关。     

五倍子乙醇提取物对140株肠球菌体外抗菌活性观察

目的观察五倍子乙醇提取物对肠球菌的体外抗菌活性.方法采用新的中药抑菌实验方法对五倍子乙醇提取物进行140株肠球菌的最低抑菌浓度测定.结果五倍子乙醇提取物对93株粪肠球菌、40株屎肠球菌和7株其它肠球菌的MIC90分别为0.315、0.63、0.63mg/mL.结论五倍子乙醇提取物对140株肠球菌具有较强的抑菌力,说明五倍子是极具开发前景的抗感染中药.     

黄芩苷的提取与精制

目的:对黄芩苷的提取和精制工艺进行研究。方法:采用水提酸沉法提取黄芩苷,通过三步法对粗产品进行精制,运用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、紫外分光光度法(UV)等进行表征。结果:黄芩苷的收率为7.6%,精制品纯度接近标准品。结论:该提取工艺简便,精制方法可靠,具有推广应用价值。     

黄芩籽种壳提取物的体外抗菌活性初步研究

目的考察黄芩籽种壳提取物是否具有体外抗菌活性,确定黄芩籽种壳抗菌活性的有效药用部位。方法运用倍比稀释法测定黄芩籽壳提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌标准株、金黄色葡萄球菌临床株、白色葡萄球菌标准株以及大肠杆菌标准株的体外抗菌活性。结果黄芩籽种壳提取物在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌以及大肠埃希氏菌均有不同程度的抗菌作用,其中以黄芩籽种壳正丁醇萃取部位抗菌效果最为显著。结论确定黄芩籽种壳提取物有一定的抗菌活性,主要抗菌活性部位集中在黄芩籽种壳正丁醇萃取部位。     

苦豆子总碱及4种单体生物碱对幽门螺杆菌的体外抑菌作用研究

目的 探讨苦豆子总碱、苦参碱、苦参素、槐定碱、槐果碱体外抑制幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)的作用.方法 选用5种苦豆子生物碱,纸片扩散法粗测抑菌浓度范围;依据粗测范围,液体倍比稀释法测定5种生物碱的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 苦豆子总碱的MIC为32 mg/ml,在体外对Hp有一定的抑制作用.苦参碱、苦参素的MIC为64 mg/ml,槐定碱的MIC为128 mg/ml,体外抑菌活性微弱.槐果碱在体外对Hp无明显抑制作用.结论苦豆子总碱有可能成为替代抗生素的抗Hp候选药物.     

五倍子乙醇提取物对金葡菌的体外抗菌研究

目的观察五倍子乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA和MSSA)的体外抗菌活性.方法采用中药抑菌实验方法对五倍子乙醇提取物进行了112株金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度测定.结果五倍子乙醇提取物对84株耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)和28株甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus,MSSA)的MIC50、MIC90分别为0.315、0.315和0.63、0.315 mg/mL.结论五倍子乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌(84株MRSA和28株MSSA)具有较强的抑菌活性.     

药效学结合正交试验优选黄芩提取工艺

为优选黄芩提取工艺,采用滤纸片法和抑菌率法测定黄芩水提物与60%乙醇提物的体外抑菌药效。以一测多评法测定4种有效成分黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素的含量。采用正交试验法,分别以4种有效成分提取量的总评归一值和抑菌率为指标,考察加水量、提取次数、提取时间的影响。确定最佳提取工艺为加水提取2次,每次2 h,加水倍量依次为12,10,该优选工艺所得提取物有较高的抑菌药效,稳定,可行。     

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel extracts

The anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the extracts and the fractions obtained from Aristolochia paucinervis rhizome and leaves were studied against a reference strain of H. pylori by using the agar dilution method. Only the methanol extracts and the hexane fractions of either the rhizome or the leaves exhibited an inhibitory activity at a concentration of < or =128 microg/ml. The leaf hexane fraction APLH demonstrated a higher inhibitory activity (MIC: 4 microg/ml) than the rhizome hexane fraction APRH (MIC: 16 microg/ml), the leaf methanol extract APLM (MIC: 32 microg/ml) and the rhizome methanol extract APRM (MIC: 128 microg/ml). This inhibitory activity was confirmed for the active extracts and fractions against clinical isolates of H. pylori (n = 20) for which MIC50) and MIC90 were determined.     

In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of diallyl sulphides and protocatechuic acid

The in vitro inhibitory effects of diallyl disulphide (DADS), diallyl trisulphide (DAT), roselle calyx extract and protocatechuic acid (PA) on the growth of Helicobacter pylori (15 susceptible, 11 clarithromycin-resistant and 9 metronidazole-resistant strains) were studied. The inhibition zone was determined after each agent had been heated at 25, 60, 100 degrees C for 60 min. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each agent was determined by the tube dilution assay. The results showed that heat treatment did not affect the anti-H. pylori activity of DADS, DAT, roselle calyx extract and PA, and the MIC values of these agents against test H. pylori strains were in the range 8-64 mg/L. The time-kill study assay for DAT and PA at 1x MIC was monitored in Muller Hinton broth supplemented with 10% horse blood or mice stomach homogenate. Both DAT and PA inhibited the growth of all test H. pylori in broth and mice stomach homogenate (p < 0.05); however, the inhibitory effects of these two agents were less in mice stomach homogenate than in broth (p < 0.05). DAT at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 mg/L and PA at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 mg/L were used for urease activity assay. These two agents significantly reduced urease activity of test H. pylori strains (p < 0.05), in which DAT and PA at 1x MIC reduced the urease activity of H. pylori to 70% and 40%, respectively. These agents, based on their lower MIC values and heat tolerance, might be useful in the prevention or therapy of H. pylori.     

黄芩药材中活性成分黄芩苷的研究概况

黄芩苷是黄芩药材的药效组分之一。笔者对黄芩药材中黄芩苷的提取方法、含量测定、药理活性三个方面进行了归纳整理,为进一步开发黄芩苷的产品和综合利用、建立黄芩药材及其制剂与临床疗效对应的质量标准提供相关的分析数据。     

Antimicrobial activity of South African Podocarpus species

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Several species of Podocarpus (Podocarpaceae) are utilized in treating ailments across the world. In Africa, four species are used traditionally in both animal and human health. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Podocarpus species against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six solvents of varying polarity were used for extraction. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the microdilution bioassay and for antifungal activity, the microdilution bioassay and (M27-P) broth dilution were used. RESULTS: All species exhibited antimicrobial activity with MIC values of less than 1mg/ml. Inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria was stronger with an MIC value of 98mug/ml while for Gram-negative bacteria, the highest inhibition was against Klebsiella pneumoniae with an MIC value of 0.33mg/ml. All species exhibited strong antifungal activity with the best MIC being 30mug/ml after 48h. CONCLUSIONS: All four species exhibited strong inhibition against all tested microbials, based on Aligiannis et al. [Aligiannis, N., Kalpotzakis, E., Mitaku, S., Chinou, I.B., 2001. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40, 4168-4170] classification they can be classified as strong inhibitors.     

HPLC法测定内蒙古产黄芩茎叶中黄芩苷含量

目的：建立黄芩茎叶中黄芩苷含量测定方法。方法：采用HPLC法,Hypersil ODS C18（250mm×4.6mm,51.μm）色谱柱,以甲醇-水-磷酸（53：47：0.2）为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1;检测波长为280nm,柱温为25℃,对黄芩茎叶的黄芩苷含量进行测定。结果：黄芩苷在0.17g～0.85g范围内,与峰面积具有良好的线性关系。黄芩苷的平均回收率为100.14％,RSD为1.59％（n=6）。结论：黄芩茎叶中黄芩苷含量达到1.7％,其他成分含量待进一步研究开发。     

Antibacterial activity of Chamomilla recutita oil extract against Helicobacter pylori

The antibacterial activity of an oil extract of Chamomilla recutita flowers against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was evaluated by the agar dilution method using Colombia agar with 10% sheep blood, an inoculum of McFarland 0.5 and incubation in an anaerobic atmosphere at 37 degrees C for 3 days. The oil extract was prepared by olive oil extraction of Chamomilla recutita flowers using rotary pulsation. The MIC(90) (minimal inhibitory concentration) and MIC(50) were 125 mg/mL and 62.5 mg/mL, respectively. It was shown that the Chamomilla recutita oil extract inhibited the production of urease by H. pylori. In addition, it was found that the morphological and fermentative properties of H. pylori were affected by application of the Chamomilla recutita oil extract.     

Antimicrobial activity of Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma malabarica tubers

The antimicrobial activity of extracts of Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma malabarica tubers was tested against six bacterial and two fungal strains using the agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. Petroleum ether, hexane, chloroform, acetone and ethanol extracts exhibited antibacterial as well as antifungal activity. Acetone and hexane extracts of both tubers showed comparable antimicrobial activity as indicated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, but other extracts of Curcuma malabarica showed significantly lower activity than those of Curcuma zedoaria. The MIC values for different strains and extracts ranged from 0.01 to 0.15 mg/ml in Curcuma zedoaria and from 0.01 to 0.94 mg/ml in Curcuma malabarica. Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) was inhibited by Curcuma malabarica but not by Curcuma zedoaria. This study is the first report of the antimicrobial properties of Curcuma malabarica. The findings also support the use of Curcuma zedoaria tubers in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.     

In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to isoquinoline alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis and Hydrastis canadensis

Methanol extracts of the rhizomes of Sanguinaria canadensis, and the roots and rhizomes of Hydrastis canadensis, two plants used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against 15 strains of Helicobacter pylori. The rhizome extracts, as well as a methanol extract of S. canadensis suspension-cell cultures inhibited the growth of H. pylori in vitro, with a MIC50 range of 12.5-50.0 microg/ml. Three isoquinoline alkaloids were identified in the active fraction. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine, two benzophenanthridine alkaloids, inhibited the growth of the bacterium, with an MIC50 of 50.0 and 100.0 microg/ml, respectively. Protopine, a protopine alkaloid, also inhibited the growth of the bacterium, with a MIC50 of 100 microg/ml. The crude methanol extract of H. canadensis rhizomes was very active, with an MIC50 of 12.5 microg/ml. Two isoquinoline alkaloids, berberine and beta-hydrastine, were identified as the active constituents, and having an MIC50 of 12.5 and 100.0 microg/ml, respectively.     

葛根芩连汤拆方对肺炎链球菌抑菌作用比较研究

目的 通过对葛根芩连汤(GQD)各配伍组合对肺炎链球菌的抑菌作用差异来探讨其配伍规律。方法 采用液体试管两倍稀释法测定各煎液对肺炎链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)，比较各配伍组合后的药效学改变。结果 各配伍煎液的MIC不全相同。结论 GQD各配伍组合水煎液对肺炎链球菌抑菌作用不全相同；在全方中，抑菌作用药物主要为黄连与黄芩，炙甘草与葛根无明显抑菌作用；两药与黄芩、黄连配伍时对其抑菌拮抗作用不同。     

两种预防新生儿眼炎药物的体外抗菌活性比较

 目的:测定并比较2种用于预防新生儿眼炎的药物的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用肉汤二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。结果:硝酸银滴眼液对新生儿眼炎常见致病菌金葡菌、肺炎球菌与淋球菌的MIC₅₀为<4～8μg·ml^-1,MBC₉₀为8～32μg·ml^-1;聚维酮碘滴眼液对受试菌的MIC₅₀为64～256μg·ml^-1,MBC₉₀为512μg·ml^-1。结论:硝酸银滴眼液和聚维酮碘滴眼液对新生儿眼炎常见致病菌都具抑菌和杀菌作用,但硝酸银作用更强。