腹腔镜下胆囊管结石的处理体会

目的总结胆囊管结石的诊断及腹腔镜手术的处理方法。方法回顾性分析2005-2009年32例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的胆囊管结石患者的临床资料。结果所有患者均用腹腔镜完成手术,无中转开腹。2例术后住院30 d,其余患者术后住院3-6 d,未发生胆管损伤、出血、严重胆漏、胆总管结石等严重并发症,均痊愈出院。结论术中仔细探查胆囊管可防止胆囊管结石的遗漏,谨慎解剖Calot三角可防止胆管损伤、出血、胆漏,慎重处理胆囊管结石可避免胆囊管结石掉入胆总管。     

急性结石性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术252例

目的:探讨急性结石性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的手术操作要点．方法:回顾性分析本院1995-10／2005-10收治的252例胆囊结石并急性胆囊炎LC病例．结果:应用熟练的镜下操作技术,仔细解剖 Calot三角、近胆囊断离胆囊动脉、恰当处理术中出血、灵活应用电凝止血与钛夹止血相结合,顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术244例,中转开腹胆囊切除术8例,系因合并胆囊癌、十二指肠球部巨大溃疡、Mirizzi综合征、胆囊壶腹部与胆总管粘连严重、胆囊十二指肠致密粘连及内瘘形成等原因而中转开腹,无术中大出血、肝外胆管损伤而中转开腹的病例．无术后胆漏、腹腔内出血等严重并发症发生．近期随访无胆管狭窄并发症发生．结论:急性胆囊炎行LC安全可行,关键是术者必须充分了解LC操作要点和熟练掌握操作技术．     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中肝外胆管变异的辨别与处理

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)中肝外胆管变异的辨别及治疗方法,以减少胆道损伤的发生。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2014年1月在武汉市蔡甸区人民医院行LC且术中发现肝外胆管结构变异的60例患者相关临床资料,总结术中及术后情况。结果术中发现胆囊管变异32例,胆囊管汇入肝外胆管位置异常20例,胆囊管与肝总管共一侧壁再汇入胆总管2例,胆囊床迷走胆管2例以及副肝管4例。顺利完成LC患者51例,成功率85%;中转开腹9例,中转率15%。所有患者均顺利完成手术,有2例发生术后并发症,其中1例存在胆管残留结石,另1例LC术后1周发生胆汁渗漏,再次手术后恢复。所有患者均痊愈出院,未出现腹腔内出血、感染及肠道损伤等严重并发症。结论掌握肝外胆管结构变异,术中细致分离解剖胆囊三角区,辨别肝外胆管变异的种类,针对性地给予合适的操作方法是LC的关键,可明显降低胆道损伤的发生率。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜切除术中胆囊破裂相关处理及预后分析

<正>急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)为当今临床公认的良性胆囊疾病的外科首选治疗手段。急性胆囊炎曾经是LC的治疗禁忌证,但随着医疗水平的全面发展、临床经验以及医务人员专业和操作水平的不断进步,急性胆囊炎患者已可常规接受LC治疗,但并发症仍不可避免,其中胆囊破裂为LC术中常见并发症,其发生率为11.6%³6%〔1〕,结石和胆汁流入腹腔继而引发的各种并发症,如穿刺口感染、腹腔脓肿、肠梗阻等,更     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后28例漏胆的观察及护理

1 材料和方法我院1991-09/2000-10共行电视腹腔镜胆囊切除术8000例,发生漏胆28例,其中男11例,女17例,平均年龄(28～65)岁。胆囊结石27例。胆囊息肉1例。肝外胆管损伤9例;发生率是同期腹腔镜胆囊切除术的0.12％,较国内外文献报告均低。胆瘘19例,其中副肝管损伤3例,胆囊管残端瘘4例,迷走胆管瘘或胆囊床毛细胆管渗漏12例,24例术中放置引流管,9例24h引出胆汁性液体>500mL,经3d～8d引流观察无减少,再次手术;15例24h引出胆汁性液体<300mL,经7d～36d引流胆汁逐渐减少至消失拔管;2例未置腹腔引流管,分别于术后d3～d9出现腹胀、腹痛、发热,B超示腹腔大量积液剖腹手术;2例虽置有腹腔引流管,但术后5h～6h脱落,5d后证实腹腔内大量积液剖腹手术。     

腹腔镜手术治疗合并糖尿病的肝脓肿12例

采用腹腔镜手术治疗合并糖尿病的肝脓肿12例,手术均成功。手术时间35~90(55±16)m in;术后疼痛较轻,患者均可耐受;术后住院时间为(14±6)d;4例并发胆囊结石者行肝脓肿引流术同时给予胆囊切除。认为腹腔镜手术治疗肝脓肿手术盲目性小,腹腔内污染机会较少;患者术后恢复快、疤痕小,住院时间短,费用低,术后并发症少;可同时治疗合并的胆囊结石和(或)胆管结石。     

腹腔镜内镜联合同步治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石10例报道

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)作为胆囊结石的主要治疗手段已被普遍接受.胆总管结石可供选择的手术方式包括内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)取石术、开腹胆总管探查取石术、腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术等.目前胆囊结石合并胆总管结石最常用的方案为先ERCP去除胆总管结石后再行LC.但LC前ERCP选择性胆管插管困难,常会导致胆管取石失败.本研究采用腹腔镜内镜联合同步治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,现报道如下.     

腹腔镜肝左外叶切除治疗左肝外叶胆管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜肝左外叶切除治疗肝左外叶胆管结石的方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2005年5月-2010年5月共12例患者行腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术治疗肝左外叶胆管结石的临床资料,其中2例并发胆囊结石,术中加行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果 12例均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,术中出血70 mL～370 mL,术后12例均出现一过性转氨酶升高,3例出现肝残面积液,无残留结石、大出血、胆瘘、腹腔脏器损伤等严重并发症发生。结论腹腔镜肝左外叶切除治疗左肝外叶胆管结石是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术786例临床分析

回顾性分析786例腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(LC)的临床资料。LC手术成功765例(97.3%),中转开腹21例(2.7%),发生术后并发症5例(0.6%)。无胆管损伤、腹腔内出血、肠穿孔、肠瘘等并发症。认为科学规范的解剖方法和精细的手术操作是减少LC术后并发症的关键,开腹胆囊切除仍是必不可少的手术方式。     

ERCP在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆管并发症诊治中的应用

目的探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）后胆管并发症诊治中的应用价值。方法对96例LC术后胆管并发症者行ERCP检查,并根据检查结果给予相应处理。结果本组ERCP显示,胆管残余结石70例,45例采用括约肌切开术（EST）,25例采用乳头气囊扩张术（EPBD）,结石排出67例;胆总管部分狭窄17例,行胆管扩张和内镜逆行胆管内引流术（ERBD）,术后随访1a狭窄解除12例;胆总管完全横断5例,2例行ERBD,黄疸减退后均行外科胆管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合;胆瘘4例,3例经EST治疗后症状减轻,避免手术,1例症状无改善接受手术治疗。结论对Lc术后胆管并发症者行ERCP,有助于明确病因,并指导相应的治疗。     

Subhepatic abscess as a late complication of missed intraperitoneal gallstone after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice in symptomatic cholelithiasis. Despite its many advantages over the conventional laparotomic approach, accidental perforation of the gallbladder with spilled stones and bile leakage is frequent during this procedure. Complications from missed gallstones are uncommon, although they can sometimes lead to severe consequences. Great effort must be made to achieve laparoscopic retrieval of all the gallstones missed into the peritoneal cavity and conversion to an open procedure should be used only in selected cases. We report a case of subhepatic abscess as a late complication of a missed gallstone during a previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: incidents and complications. A retrospective analysis of 9542 consecutive laparoscopic operations

BackgroundEven though laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the customary method for treating gallstones, some incidents and complications appear rather more frequently than with the open technique. Several aspects of these complications and their treatment possibilities are analysed.Materials and methodsOver the last 9 years 9542 LCs have been performed at this centre, of which 13.9% were carried out for acute cholecystitis, 38.4% in obese patients and 7.6% in patients aged >65 years.ResultsThe main operative incidents encountered were haemorrhage (224 cases, 2.3%), iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder (1517 cases, 15.9%) and common bile duct (CBD) injuries (17 cases, 0.1%). Conversion to open operation was necessary in 184 patients (1.9%), usually due to obscure anatomy as a result of acute inflammation. The main postoperative complications were bile leakage (54 cases), haemorrhage (15 cases), sub-hepatic abscess (10 cases) and retained bile duct stones (11 cases). Ten deaths were recorded (0.1%).DiscussionMost of the postoperative incidents (except bile duct injuries) were solved by laparoscopic means. Among patients with postoperative complications 28.9% required revisional surgery. In 42.2% of cases minimally invasive procedures were used successfully: 15 laparoscopic re-operations (for choleperitoneum, haemoperitoneum and subhepatic abscess) and 22 endoscopic sphincterotomies (for bile leakage from the subhepatic drain and for retained CBD stones soon after operation). The good results obtained allow us to recommend these minimally invasive procedures in appropriate patients.     

Omental abscess due to a spilled gallstone after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Omental abscess due to a spilled gallstone is extremely rare after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Herein, we report a 68-year-old man who presented with left upper abdominal pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gangrenous cholecystitis. Seven months prior to admission, gallbladder perforation with spillage of pigment gallstones and bile occurred during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The spilled gallstones were retrieved through vigorous peritoneal lavage. Abdominal computed tomography showed a 3?×?2.5 cm intra-abdominal heterogeneous mass, suspected to be an omental abscess, and ascites around the spleen. Exploratory laparoscopy revealed an inflammatory mass within the greater omentum. Laparoscopic partial omentectomy and abscess drainage were performed, and a small black pigment gallstone was unexpectedly found in the whitish abscess fluid. Abscess fluid culture results were positive for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Streptococcus salivarius, which were previously detected in the gangrenous gallbladder abscess. The histopathological diagnosis was abscess in the greater omentum. Postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 13 days later. In conclusion, we report a successful case of laparoscopic management of an omental abscess due to a spilled gallstone after LC. It is important to attempt to retrieve spilled gallstones during LC because they may occasionally result in serious complications.     

The consequences of lost gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the preferred surgical technique for symptomatic gallstone disease. The technique generally is safe. probably one of the most common intra-operative complications is gallbladder perforation with stones spreading into the peritoneal cavity. In this paper the sequelae of lost gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the diagnostic problems facing the clinician are reviewed. Abscesses and fistula formation in the abdominal wall occur. A long delay can be present between the initial operation and the complications of the lost stones. Although rupture of the gallbladder is usually noticed during preparation and retrieval, the surgeon may not be aware of losing stones. due to the long delay, the occurrence of intra-abdominal abscesses and fistula is often not linked to the prior procedure.     

Digestive complications of gallstones lost during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

IntroductionSerious complications can ensue if a gallstone is dropped into the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and not retrieved.Case outlineA 75-year-old-man was admitted with intestinal obstruction 8 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ultrasound scan and a contrast x-ray of the small bowel showed a gallstone within the small bowel lumen that CT scan had failed to identify. Laparotomy showed a Meckel''s diverticulum plus a 4×6-cm gallstone in the terminal ileum. The gallstone had penetrated into the Meckel''s diverticulum before migrating into the ileum and obstructing it.DiscussionGallstones lost during laparoscopic cholecystectomy can cause an intraperitoneal abscess. In addition, they can migrate through the anterior or posterior abdominal wall or the diaphragm and into the urinary tract or bronchus. The resulting abscess can obstruct the digestive tract or drain into the digestive tract to cause a communicating abscess. It can also drain through the abdominal wall and the digestive tract to cause an enterocutaneous fistula. Lastly, the stone can migrate into the intestine and cause gallstone ileus. Following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, patients with a lost gallstone may suffer from abdominal pain and fever within days or months. Thus, all dropped gallstones should be removed during laparoscopy.     

Technical aspects in the laparoscopic management of complicated common bile duct stones

The management of common bile duct (CBD) stones traditionally required open laparotomy and bile duct exploration. With the advent of endoscopic and laparoscopic technology in the latter half of last century, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the mainstream treatment for CBD stones and gallstones in most medical centers around the world. However, in certain situations, ERCP cannot be feasible because of difficult cannulation and extraction. ERCP can also be associated with potential serious complications, in particular for complicated stones requiring repeated sessions and additional maneuvers. Since our first laparoscopic exploration of the CBD (LECBD) in 1995, we now adopt the routine practice of the laparoscopic approach in dealing with endoscopically irretrievable CBD stones. The aim of this article is to describe the technical details of this approach and to review the results from our series.     

逆行胰胆管造影、乳头括约肌切开配合腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆石症

为治疗伴有或可疑伴有胆总管结石的胆囊结石病人，在对胆囊结石病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）时，对ＬＣ术前可疑伴有胆总管继发性结石的１４２例病人（术前组）和ＬＣ术后可疑胆总管残留结石的３９例病人（术后组）选择性地行逆行性胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）检查和乳头括约肌切开术（ＥＳＴ）治疗。结果：术前组ＥＲＣＰ发现胆总管继发结石６５例，ＥＳＴ清除结石６０例，清除率９１．５％；术后组ＥＲＣＰ发现胆总管残留结石６例，ＥＳＴ清除结石５例。结果提示ＥＲＣＰ、ＥＳＴ配合ＬＣ治疗伴有胆总管结石的胆囊结石病人是一种安全有效的好方法，明显减少了ＬＣ的并发症和胆总管结石开腹手术的比例。     

Gallstone expectoration following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated gallstone disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy may result in lost (spilled) gallstones. Such stones may precipitate various infective intra-abdominal complications. An unusual case of spilled gallstones eroding the diaphragm and eventually being expectorated out 12 months after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is reported.     

三种外科疗法治疗老年胆囊结石并发肝外胆管结石病人的疗效比较

目的 探讨3种外科疗法治疗老年胆囊结石并发肝外胆管结石病人的疗效与并发症.方法 选取我院2016年7月至2019年6月收治的178例胆囊结石并发肝外胆管结石的老年病人作为研究对象,其中63例采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术(LC+LCBDE),61例采用内镜逆行胰胆管造影联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ERCP+LC)...     

Gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis: Incidence,etiology, clinical and therapeutical aspects

Gallstones occur in about one third of the patients having liver cirrhosis. Pigment gallstones are the most frequent type, while cholesterol stones represent about 15% of all stones in cirrhotics. Increased secretion of unconjugated bilirubin, increased hydrolysis of conjugated bilirubin in the bile, reduced secretion of bile acids and phospholipds in bile favor pigment lithogenesis in cirrhotics. Gallbladder hypomotility also contributes to lithogenesis. The most recent data regarding risk factors for gallstones are presented. Gallstone prevalence increases with age, with a ratio male/female higher than in the general population. Chronic alcoholism, viral C cirrhosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are the underlying liver diseases most often associated with gallstones. Gallstones are often asymptomatic, and discovered incidentally. If asymptomatic, expectant management is recommended, as for asymptomatic gallstones in the general population. However, a closer follow-up of these patients is necessary in order to earlier treat symptoms or complications. For symptomatic stones, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the therapy of choice. Child-Pugh class and MELD score are the best predictors of outcome after cholecystectomy. Patients with severe liver disease are at highest surgical risk, therefore gallstone complications should be treated using noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures, until stabilization of the patient condition.