力学改变致腰椎间盘退变动物模型的研究进展

<正>椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IVDD)是临床上常见的运动系统退行性疾病,是引起腰痛、椎间盘突出症等的重要危险因素^[1、2],腰痛严重影响了患者的生活质量,甚至成为致残的主要原因之一,给社会带来沉重的经济负担^[3]。IVDD的具体机制目前尚未明确,研究^[4]表明当腰椎间盘的生物力学环境发生改变时,可引发椎间盘细胞的分解代谢反应,损害细胞外基质出现退变。     

NLRP3炎性小体在椎间盘退变中的作用和靶向治疗进展

<正>椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)是引起腰背痛的主要原因,全球有75%～85%的老年腰背痛患者由IDD导致^[1、2]。中国慢性腰背痛的整体患病率为27.6%,男性高于女性,且有年轻化的趋势,给患者和家庭带来了巨大的经济负担,俨然成为一项的重大公共卫生问题^[3、4]。IDD的发病机制复杂多维,至今尚未完全阐明,其治疗以保守和手术治疗为主,在根除患者腰背部疼痛、恢复脊柱功能和避免疼痛复发等方面疗效欠佳^[5]。     

RNA m6A甲基化修饰调控椎间盘退变的研究进展

<正>椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)是导致腰痛的主要原因之一^[1]。目前IDD尚缺乏确切有效的非手术治疗手段，究其原因是我们还未清楚其复杂的发病机制。因此，深入明确IDD的发病机制并寻求新的预防与治疗策略是当前的主要研究方向。N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)即RNA上腺嘌呤第6位氮原子处发生的甲基化修饰，是哺乳动物中最丰富的RNA化学修饰之一^[2]。m6A修饰具有动态可逆性，其改变了RNA与蛋白质之间的相互作用，此类相互作用可调节剪接、翻译、降解等一系列RNA代谢过程，最终影响相关基因的表达，     

天然小分子治疗椎间盘退变的作用机制研究进展

<正>腰椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)已被证实是引起腰痛(low back pain,LBP)的主要原因之一^[1]。椎间盘(intervertebral disc,IVD)是位于脊柱椎体间可适度移动的组织,由三部分组成,包括中央高度水合的髓核(nucleus pulposus,NP)、周围弹性的纤维环(annulus fibrosus,AF)及软骨终板(cartilaginous endplate,CEPs)^[2];     

衰老细胞及其与椎间盘退变疾病关系的研究进展

<正>衰老是生物体的组织器官随着年龄的增长发生不可逆的功能性下降、内环境稳态调控能力减弱、生理应激反应退化、逐步趋向死亡的过程^[1]。随着全球老龄化趋势的加剧，椎间盘退变引起的腰痛是常见的腰椎疾病症状之一。据估计有近80%的人群一生中会遭受腰痛的困扰^[2、3]。有调查显示，我国2016年患有腰痛的人数达6730万，腰痛是伤残所致疾病负担的第二大原因^[4]。     

多裂肌萎缩与腰椎退行性疾病的相关性研究进展

<正>腰椎退行性疾病是脊柱外科常见病和多发病,是引起下腰痛的主要原因^[1],下腰痛是以腰骶、臀部伴/不伴下肢疼痛为主要症状的综合征^[2]。有研究^[3-4]发现,下腰痛的发生、发展与脊柱稳定性的失衡密切相关。椎旁肌是脊柱邻近肌群的总称,分为前群(髂腰肌、腰方肌、腰大肌)和后群(多裂肌、竖脊肌等)。椎旁肌良好的功能状态对脊柱稳定性起着重要作用。多裂肌作为腰椎稳定性的重要来源,其萎缩与腰椎椎间盘突出症、     

椎体终板退变机制的研究进展

<正>椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)是指椎间盘自然老化、退化的生理病理过程,它是一系列脊柱退行性疾病的病理基础。研究表明[1],全世界2/3人口会在其一生中经历不同程度的腰痛。引起腰痛的原因众多,但年龄相关的IDD是引起腰痛的主要原因之一[2]。20世纪60年代,国内外学者开始研究导致IDD的原因,但至今其确切机制仍不十分清楚。应力损伤、营养障碍、炎症因子作     

MicroRNA与椎间盘退行性变关系的研究进展

<正>随着对椎间盘退行性变(IDD)机制研究的深入,越来越多的研究表明micro RNA在IDD中扮演着重要的角色,较多micro RNA在人正常椎间盘和退变椎间盘组织中存在差异性表达,这些差异性表达的micro RNA在细胞凋亡、蛋白水解酶和细胞外基质的降解等生物过程中发挥着重要作用[1]。IDD是引起下腰痛的主要原因之一[2],严重危害公众健康,并给患者带来巨大的经济负担[3]。目前IDD的     

以耳穴压豆为主改善血液透析患者便秘的meta分析

<正>血液透析是延缓慢性肾衰患者死亡的有效措施,便秘是血液透析的消化系统并发症之一。研究^[1]显示,国内外血液透析患者出现便秘的情况超过28%。在日常生活中约30%的人有便秘的问题^[2],包括各年龄段的人。便秘会增加患者的身心和经济的负担,极大的影响患者的生活,并增加其他系统疾病发生的可能性。目前,防治便秘包括泻药^[3]、灌肠、微生物制剂^[3]、中药免煎颗粒^[4]、中药贴敷^[5]、耳穴压豆^[5]、灸法^[5]和穴位按压等中西医的方法。     

神经电生理监测在腰椎管狭窄症治疗中的研究进展

<正>腰椎管狭窄症(lumbar spinal stenosis, LSS)是指各种原因引起椎管或神经根管的各径线较正常者狭窄,刺激或压迫神经血管结构,引起一系列神经功能障碍的一类疾病^[1-2]。LSS是老年人腰痛和腿痛常见的主要原因,具有发病率较高、病程长和反复发作的特点,极大影响患者的生活质量和日常活动能力^[3]。     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

已经有越来越多的证据表明基因组的非编码序列的转录对于生命活动具有重要意义。相对于蛋白编码序列以及各种小分子RNA,长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的研究还仅仅处于起步阶段,其功能与调控机制仍有待进一步研究。本文对目前关于lncRNA与肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述,认为lncRNA可能为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供新依据和靶点。     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

已经有越来越多的证据表明基因组的非编码序列的转录对于生命活动具有重要意义.相对于蛋白编码序列以及各种小分子RNA,长链非编码RNA(IncRNA)的研究还仅仅处于起步阶段,其功能与调控机制仍有待进一步研究.本文对目前关于IncRNA与肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述,认为IncRNA可能为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供新依据和靶点.     

反义核酸研究进展

随着反义核酸的发现及对其研究的深入,反义技术已被应用于生物基因调控的研究,并逐步应用于抗病毒及肿瘤、爱滋病等基因水平治疗等新兴药物的开发.概述了反义核酸概念及作用机理,人工反义的设计、合成以及应用前景.     

环状RNA的研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)又称环形RNA,是新近确认的一类特殊的非编码RNA(ncRNA),主要由外显子和(或)内含子构成。近年来研究发现,在某些疾病(如肿瘤、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、神经系统疾病)的发生发展过程中circRNA起着重要的调控作用,这不仅使我们对环状RNA有了更好认识,而且在某些疾病的诊断、治疗及预防方面也为我们提供了新的研究方向。     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

已经有越来越多的证据表明基因组的非编码序列的转录对于生命活动具有重要意义.相对于蛋白编码序列以及各种小分子RNA,长链非编码RNA(IncRNA)的研究还仅仅处于起步阶段,其功能与调控机制仍有待进一步研究.本文对目前关于IncRNA与肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述,认为IncRNA可能为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供新依据和靶点.     

A novel combination of silane‐coated silica colloid with hybrid RNA extraction protocol and RNA enrichment for downstream applications of spermatozoal RNA

Spermatozoa are specialised cells with low RNA content as compared to somatic cells. The suitable sperm RNA extraction and enrichment protocols for downstream applications are available for human, cattle, stallion and mouse but not for buffalo spermatozoa. Therefore, the present work was conducted to find out suitable colloidal solution for sperm purification and appropriate protocol for sperm RNA extraction and enrichment/amplification of RNA. For purification, we used PVP‐coated silica colloidal solution (PVP‐Si), silane‐coated silica colloidal solution (Silane‐Si) and iodixanol. Sperm recovery rate, total sperm motility and progressive sperm motility were significantly improved after separation by Silane‐Si and iodixanol compared to PVA‐Si method. The combined guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform (GTPC) with silica matrix (SM)‐based RNA extraction yielded more quantity of RNA in compared to individual method. The hybrid of SM and GTPC into a single protocol yielded 360–450 ng RNA from 30 million buffalo spermatozoa. For the first time, we adopted new way to enrich sperm RNA that increased the RNA concentration 4–5 times that was sufficient for downstream applications. The linear amplification of sperm RNA increased RNA concentration around 27–45 times. In summary, Silane‐Si colloid for sperm separation, hybrid SM and GTPC protocol for sperm RNA extraction followed by enrichment or amplification of RNA was found suitable for high‐throughput analyses of buffalo sperm RNA.     

Sustained long-term RNA interference in nucleus pulposus cells in vivo mediated by unmodified small interfering RNA

RNA interference (RNAi) technology has recently emerged as an important biological strategy for gene silencing. Previously, the efficacies of RNAi in cultured nucleus pulposus cells in vitro have been reported. However, RNAi in the disc in vivo has never been reported. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to establish a method for RNAi in the disc in vivo and to evaluate the applicability of this technique for endogenous genes in the intervertebral discs using Fas Ligand (FasL) as a representative endogenous gene. To evaluate the efficacy of RNAi in vivo, two reporter luciferase plasmids (Firefly and Renilla) were used. These plasmids and unmodified short interference RNA (siRNA) duplex for targeting Firefly luciferase were co-transfected into coccygeal intervertebral disc of Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo using the ultrasound gene transfer technique. To evaluate the RNAi of the endogenous gene in vivo, siRNAs targeting rat FasL were transfected with the same technique. Non-specific siRNA was used as the negative control. The discs receiving no siRNAs were used as the control. The inhibitory effect of Firefly luciferase against Renilla luciferase was obtained using the results of dual-luciferase assay. Down-regulation of endogenous FasL was calculated by the data from real-time PCR. Our results showed that siRNA for Firefly luciferase can dramatically down-regulate the Firefly luciferase gene expression in vivo compared with Renilla luciferase. The inhibitory effects were maintained for at least 24 weeks and at 24 weeks post transfection, the inhibitory rate was 80% compared with the control group. Furthermore, the siRNA co-transfection group inhibited endogenous FasL expression by 53% compared with the control group. The present study demonstrates long-term down-regulation mediated by unmodified siRNA is possible not only for the exogenous reporter gene, but also for endogenous FasL expression in rat discs in vivo. This application of RNAi might be promising as a local therapy for disc degeneration and associated disorders by down-regulating some of the genes that are harmful for the normal physiology of the disc and may cause disc degeneration.