Reconstruction of Articular Cartilage Using Autologous Perichondrial Grafts: A Preliminary Report

In a pilot study of grown-up rabbits perichondrium from the ear was grafted to the joint surface of cavitas glenoidalis from which the normal articular cartilage had been resected. In all cases regeneration of new cartilage occurred. Five clinical cases of arthritis are reported in which, following removal of the degenerated cartilage and grafting of rib perichondrium, articular cartilage regeneration took place.     

软骨移植与软骨下骨钻孔修复全层关节软骨缺损的比较实验研究

目的 :评价软骨移植、软骨下骨钻孔修复关节软骨缺损的生物特性和效果差异。方法 :采用重复拉丁方设计 ,将 36只雄性新西兰大白兔按三个因素三个水平进行随机区组 ,对左右后肢按设计好的创面大小制造全层软骨缺损。软骨移植组将不同家兔关节软骨交换嵌入移植。钻孔组依创面大小制造孔直径、间距、深度相同的骨孔 ,深达松质骨。对照组缺损不作任何修复。术后 4、8、1 2周处死取材 ,分别进行大体观察、光镜观察、电镜观察 ,对观察指标进行量化统计学分析。结果 :(1 )两实验组在第 1 2周时均能以类透明软骨组织修复缺损 ,而对照组为纤维肉芽组织 ,统计学分析表明各组间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 )。 (2 )光镜观察表明两种手术方法均能以软骨的方式修复缺损 ,软骨移植组无明显免疫排斥迹象 ,软骨细胞有活性 ,各组间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 )。 (3)形态学分析表明 ,随时间延长 ,光密度与修复高度渐增 ,其中软骨移植组优于其他各组 (P <0 .0 1 )。 (4)随时间延长修复效果逐渐改善。小创面修复效果与中等创面间无明显差异。 (5)电镜观察表明 ,两种手术方法均有软骨细胞生成 ,细胞器发达。对照组符合纤维肉芽组织特征。结论 :(1 )软骨移植、钻孔均能以类透明软骨的结局修复关节软骨缺损 ,软骨细胞生物学特性类似     

孔数不同的软骨下骨钻孔术对兔软骨缺损修复的影响

目的：为了观察软骨缺损的修复过程，比较不同数目钻孔术对软骨缺损的修复效果。方法：用中国白兔２４只，在股骨关节面造成６ｍｍ×８ｍｍ全层软骨缺损，分别施行１０孔及５孔钻孔术，术后４、８周取材，做组织学及电镜观察，并进行评估。结果：（１）１０孔、５孔和对照组的优势修复组织分别以类透明软骨，类透明软骨加纤维软骨和纤维组织为主。（２）修复组织厚度１０孔及５孔无显著差异。（３）修复组织覆盖缺损的面积，１０孔＞５孔＞对照组。初步结论：软骨下骨钻孔可修复关节软骨全层缺损；多孔比少孔修复好；非钻孔的缺损修复效果较差。     

关节镜下清理和钻孔治疗膝关节软骨退变的疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下清理和钻孔治疗膝关节软骨退变的临床疗效。方法 2009年1月至2013年2月,87例膝关节软骨退变患者随机分为两组,A组含45例(56侧),予关节镜下清理术治疗;B组含42例(51侧),行关节镜下清理+软骨下骨钻孔术,术后予对症治疗。观察两组患者治疗后的效果。结果 A组治疗后6个月时优良率为64.29%,B组6个月后优良率为84.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患者术后均随访2年,B组术后6个月、1年和2年的优良率分别为89.29%、80.36%和75.00%,术后2年时的疗效显著低于6个月时(P=0.04)。结论关节镜清理+钻孔术治疗膝关节软骨退变疗效优于单纯关节镜清理术,但其疗效随时间延长而降低。     

Arthroscopic Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Using Juvenile Articular Cartilage Allograft and Autologous Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentration

Juvenile allogenic chondrocyte implantation (JACI; DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft^®; Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) with autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) is a relatively new all-arthroscopic procedure for treating critical-size osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus. Few studies have investigated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of this procedure. We collected the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who had undergone JACI-BMAC for talar OCLs to assess treatment efficacy and cartilage repair tissue quality using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Forty-six patients with critical-size OCLs (≥6?mm widest diameter) received JACI-BMAC from 2012 to 2014. We performed a retrospective medical record review and assessed the functional outcomes pre- and postoperatively using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Short-Form 12-item general health questionnaire. MRI was performed preoperatively and at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Cartilage morphology was evaluated on postoperative MRI scans using the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage tissue (MOCART) score. The pre- to postoperative changes and relationships between outcomes and lesion size, bone grafting, lesion location, instability, hypertrophy, and MOCART scores were analyzed. Overall, the mean questionnaire scores improved significantly, with almost every FAOS subscale showing significant improvement postoperatively. Concurrent instability resulted in more changes that were statistically significant. The use of bone grafting and the presence of hypertrophy did not result in statistically significant changes in the outcomes. Factors associated with outcomes were lesion size and hypertrophy. Increasing lesion size was associated with decreased FAOS quality of life subscale and hypertrophy correlating with changes in the pain subscale. Of the 46 patients, 22 had undergone postoperative MRI scans that were scored. The average MOCART score was 46.8. Most patients demonstrated a persistent bone marrow edema pattern and hypertrophy of the reparative cartilage. Juvenile articular cartilage implantation of the DeNovo NT allograft and BMAC resulted in improved functional outcome scores; however, the reparative tissue still exhibited fibrocartilage composition radiographically. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term outcomes and determine the superiority of the arthroscopic DeNovo procedure compared with microfracture and other cartilage resurfacing procedures.     

自体骨膜延迟游离移植修复关节软骨缺损(附9例报告)

自1990年以来我们设计了自体胫骨膜延迟游离移植的手术方法共对9例关节软骨大面积缺损病例进行了修复治疗。平均随访23.3月,优良率为78％。我们认为延迟骨膜移植能加促骨膜向透明软骨组织的转化过程,同时提出了骨膜移植术中不能忽视的重要原则,本文推荐骨膜移植术是修复关节软骨大面积缺损的一种较好的治疗方法。     

Editorial Commentary: Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Mobilization Using Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Articular Cartilage Injuries: Wake Them Up and Make Them Come to You!

Articular cartilage injuries constitute a prevalent musculoskeletal problem in the general population. Restorative cartilage procedures are specifically challenging, as recapitulating hyaline cartilage can be difficult, thus compromising clinical outcomes. Progenitor cells for the treatment of articular cartilage injuries constitute a promising therapeutic method that has been increasing exponentially. Progenitor cells can be obtained from many different human tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, and muscle, as well as from peripheral blood after mobilizing stem cells from bone marrow with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor simulation. The minimally invasiveness, low complication rate, and efficacy of peripheral blood stem cells has gained significant attention and rapidly has become a promising source of progenitor cell delivery in the past decade.     

Granulomatous Foreign Body Reaction Against Hyaluronic Acid: Report of a Case After Lip Augmentation

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) (Restylane and Hylaform) is becoming more widely used for cosmetic procedures such as lip augmentation and treatment of facial skin lines, as other products, mainly bovine collagen, have proved allergenic in many patients. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a 48-year-old woman who developed discrete nodules in the lips after HA injection for lip augmentation. The histologic analysis revealed the presence of a granulomatous reaction surrounding a blue amorphous material with the tinctorial features of HA. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the third case of granulomatous body reaction against this substance, which was allegedly inert in humans. Although rare, this reaction can have important aesthetic implications, and the patients should be informed about their risks.     

Sepsis With Multiple Abscesses After Massive Autologous Fat Grafting for Augmentation Mammoplasty: A Case Report

Background  

Autologous fat grafting to the breast for breast reconstruction and cosmetic breast augmentation has gained much attention recently. However, its efficacy and the severities of its associated complications are of concern. The authors experienced one case of multiple breast abscesses after augmentation mammoplasty by autologous fat grafting.     

自体外周血干细胞与骨基质明胶复合移植治疗骨缺损

目的观察自体外周血干细胞（autologous peripheral blood stem cells,APBSC）/表面脱钙骨基质明胶（bone matrix gelatin,BMG）共移植修复节段性骨缺损的疗效。方法 36例患者随机分为APBSC/BMG组（A组）及BMG组（B组）各18例,均行手术治疗,并行牢固内外固定。结果术后平均愈合时间A组为5个月,B组为8个月,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗期间患者未见明显不良反应。结论 APBSC/BMG复合移植较单纯BMG移植治疗骨缺损疗效好,无不良反应。     

Editorial Commentary: No Clear Winner When Comparing Cost-Effectiveness of Particulated Juvenile Articular Cartilage With Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Too Many Assumptions

Various treatment options exist for patellar chondral lesions, including nonoperative management, marrow stimulation, cell-based strategies, and osteochondral transplantation, yet there is insufficient evidence to recommend one treatment over another. One frequently discussed downside of cell-based strategies, including particulated juvenile allograft cartilage and matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation, is the associated cost. Markov modeling is a tool used for economic modeling of different treatments and may be a viable option to compare cell-based strategies for patellar chondral defects. Too many assumptions carry great risk of drawing a strong conclusion. Further high-quality studies and comparative outcome studies are needed before any definitive cost-effectiveness conclusion is made.     

High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in a Case of Refractory Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma With Tracheoesophageal Fistula: A Case Report

A 46-year-old woman with a sore throat was diagnosed with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma that had spread from the piriform fossa to the cervical esophagus. Tracheoesophageal fistula developed after induction chemotherapy. Because conservative repair was not applicable, intensified chemotherapy, including autologous stem cell transplantation was performed with the fistula remaining open. Laryngopharyngectomy and cervical esophagectomy were performed 6 months after transplantation. The optimal strategy for refractory lymphoma with active tracheoesophageal fistula remains undetermined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the successful treatment of a patient with tracheoesophageal fistula who received high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplantation.