早期胃癌淋巴结转移和临床病理特征的关系(附467例报道)

目的:探讨早期胃癌病人各临床病理因素与淋巴结转移的关系,为制定合理的治疗方案提供帮助.方法:对467例早期胃癌病人进行回顾性分析,对其年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、大体类型、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴管癌栓与淋巴结转移的关系进行单因素和多因素分析.结果:影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的因素主要有:肿瘤大小(最大径,≤2 cm比>2 cm,P<0.01)、分化程度(分化良好比分化不佳,P<0.01)、浸润深度(黏膜层比黏膜下层,P<0.01)、淋巴管癌栓(无比有,P<0.01).Logistic回归多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴管癌浸润均是提示胃癌是否有淋巴结转移的独立因素.结论:早期胃癌淋巴结转移与肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴管癌栓等因素有关.确定早期胃癌手术方案时,可参考上述因素判断淋巴结转移风险,决定是否行淋巴结清扫术.     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移特征与危险因素

淋巴结转移是影响早期胃癌病人预后的独立危险因素。临床实践中准确诊断淋巴结转移对于病人的预后判断与治疗模式选择具有至关重要的作用。目前认为肿瘤浸润深度、脉管浸润、肿瘤组织分化类型、肿瘤病灶直径均与早期胃癌的淋巴结转移密切相关。对于具有淋巴结转移危险因素的早期胃癌病人,应慎重选择内镜下治疗方案,必要时选择追加外科手术对病人施行合理的淋巴结清扫。     

影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的多因素分析

目的探讨早期胃癌患者淋巴结转移的临床病理因素。方法回顾性分析1999年1月至2008年6月间行D2手术的369例早期胃癌患者的病例资料,对其年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、脉管瘤栓、肿瘤大体类型和分化程度与淋巴结转移的关系进行Logistic回归多因素分析。结果影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的主要因素有患者的性别、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、脉管瘤栓和肿瘤分化类型,其中肿瘤大小和浸润深度是主要的独立危险因素（P〈0.01）。结论对早期胃癌患者,手术方案的选择需综合患者肿瘤大小、浸润深度、脉管瘤栓、分化程度和性别等因素来制定。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移的影响因素分析

目的探索早期胃癌淋巴结转移的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2016年1月期间在笔者所在医院接受手术治疗的187例早期胃癌患者的临床资料,探索年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、肿瘤直径、肿瘤数目、浸润深度、组织学类型、大体形态、脉管浸润及局部溃疡与淋巴结转移的关系。结果本组187例早期胃癌患者中,检测出淋巴结转移32例(17.1%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,早期胃癌患者的淋巴结转移与肿瘤直径(OR=2.080,P=0.022)、浸润深度(OR=21.048,P=0.001)、组织学类型(OR=3.507,P=0.018)、脉管浸润(OR=2.406,P=0.009)及局部溃疡(OR=2.738,P=0.001)均有关,肿瘤直径2 cm、浸润深度达黏膜下层、组织学类型为未分化型、存在脉管浸润及存在局部溃疡者的淋巴结转移率较高。结论肿瘤直径、浸润深度、组织学类型、脉管浸润和局部溃疡均是淋巴结转移的影响因素。     

138例淋巴结转移阴性胃癌患者的预后因素分析

目的探讨淋巴结转移阴性胃癌患者的预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院2000—2005年间接受根治性胃切除手术治疗．且术后病理证实为淋巴结转移阴性的138例胃癌患者的临床资料,并对预后影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果本组患者5年生存率为62．4％。单因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、分化程度、浸润深度、胃切除方式、Lauren分型与患者预后有关（P〈0．05）;多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小、分化程度和浸润深度是影响预后的独立因素（P〈0．05）。结论对于接受根治性手术治疗的淋巴结转移阴性的胃癌患者,肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度及是否浸润浆膜是评估预后的重要指标。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移特点、规律和意义

早期胃癌淋巴结转移的主要危险因素包括肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴管浸润、神经浸润、分化程度及组织学表现。了解早期胃癌淋巴结转移特点及规律有助于评估病人预后，为其治疗提供更多选择，具有重要临床指导意义。对于术前分期发现或高度怀疑有淋巴结受累的病人，应行胃切除术以切除肿瘤和适当选择合理的淋巴结清扫范围。     

肿瘤大小与早期胃癌预后的关系

目的 探讨早期胃癌的预后因素,特别是肿瘤大小与早期胃癌预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2002年2月119例在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院外科治疗的早期胃癌的临床病理特征,分析早期胃癌的预后因素.结果 本组早期胃癌病例5年生存率为90.9%,其预后主要与肿瘤大小相关,直径＜2 cm组、2 cm≤直径＜4 cm组与直径≥4 cm组5年生存率分别为100%、92.0%、80.8%,差异有统计学意义,P=0.024.同时比较淋巴结转移及浸润深度等因素,P值分别为0.816及0.371,差异无统计学意义.肿瘤大小与其他预后因素之间无明显相关性.结论 早期胃癌浸润深度及淋巴结转移与其预后关系不明确,而肿瘤大小很可能是早期胃癌独立的预后因素,对指导早期胃癌预后及手术选择有实用价值.     

手术切除直肠癌患者预后危险因素分析

目的探讨手术切除直肠癌患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析286例直肠癌术后患者的临床资料,对比不同因素患者的5年生存率。结果单因素分析显示,不同性别、年龄患者5年生存率比较无统计学差异(P0.05),而不同病程、术前CEA水平、手术方式、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移个数、肿瘤临床分期患者的5年生存率比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,术前CEA水平、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤浸润深度以及肿瘤临床分期均为直肠癌术后患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论术前CEA水平、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤浸润深度以及肿瘤临床分期均为直肠癌术后患者预后不良的独立危险因素。因此,直肠癌的早期诊断及早期手术治疗对于改善患者预后、提高患者生活质量将具有重要意义。     

影响胸段食管鳞癌切除术预后的因素

目的探讨影响胸段食管癌患者切除手术的预后因素。方法对217例经颈、胸、腹“3区域”淋巴结清除根治术患者,选择对食管癌切除术预后可能产生影响的9个特征性临床病理因素进行回顾性预后分析。结果全组淋巴结清除术后1、3、5年生存率分别为82.6%、59.8%、和48.8%。影响预后的单因素分析表明肿瘤浸润深度、分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移个数、淋巴结转移区域数和年龄对预后有影响。影响预后的Cox模型多因素分析表明,肿瘤浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移区域数和肿瘤部位对预后有显著的影响。随着食管癌淋巴结转移区域数的增加,患者生存率逐渐下降(P=0.0284)。结论淋巴结转移尤其是淋巴结转移区域数是胸段食管癌切除术后影响患者预后的主要因素;因此,胸段食管癌尤其是胸上、中段食管癌在条件具备时应施行“3区域”淋巴结清扫术。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移规律与腹腔镜手术方式的探讨

目的:探讨不同组织学类型早期胃癌的淋巴结转移情况,为腹腔镜胃癌缩小手术提供理论依据。方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2012年12月收治的696例早期胃癌患者,对比不同组织学类型早期胃癌的临床病理特征,并对其与淋巴结转移的相关性进行单因素及多因素分析。结果:与其他类型腺癌相比,早期印戒细胞癌更常见于女性,肿瘤部位常见于胃体中部,印戒细胞癌患者通常是小于50岁的患者(P0.001),隆起型、混合型少见(P0.001),差异有统计学意义,在黏膜下入侵的发生率、淋巴管肿瘤浸润、淋巴结转移方面,印戒细胞癌与高分化腺癌相似,但与中、低分化腺癌差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。中、低分化腺癌,肿瘤直径≥20 mm,黏膜下入侵,淋巴管肿瘤浸润,为淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。肿瘤直径20 mm,且无淋巴管肿瘤浸润的黏膜内印戒细胞癌无淋巴结转移,肿瘤直径≥20 mm,且无淋巴管肿瘤浸润的黏膜内印戒细胞癌表现出较低的淋巴结转移率。结论:印戒细胞型早期胃癌的淋巴结转移率及黏膜下入侵率与高分化腺癌相似,无淋巴管肿瘤浸润的印戒细胞型黏膜内胃癌患者可行腹腔镜缩小手术。     

Predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion: analysis of a single institutional experience

OBJECTIVE: An accurate assessment of a potential lymph node metastasis is an important issue for the appropriate treatment of early gastric cancer. Minimizing the amount of invasive procedures used in cancer treatment is critical for improving the patient's quality of life. Therefore, this study analyzed the predictive risk factors for a lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer with a submucosal invasion. METHODS: The data from 1043 patients surgically treated for early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion between 2002 and 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 layers according to their depth: SM1, SM2, and SM3. The clinicopathological variables predicting a lymph node metastasis were evaluated. RESULTS: A lymph node metastasis was observed in 19.4% of patients. The tumor size, histologic type, Lauren classification, tumor depth, and perineural invasion showed a positive correlation with the rate of lymph node metastasis and N category by univariate analysis. Multivariate analyses revealed the tumor size (>or=2 cm) and lymphatic involvement to be significantly and independently related to lymph node metastasis. The presence of lymphatic involvement was the strongest predictive factor for a lymph node metastasis, being observed in 43.8% of cases in which a lymph node metastasis had been revealed. No lymph node metastasis was observed in the 12 cases with no lymphatic involvement, SM1 invasion, and tumor size <1 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphatic involvement and tumor size are independent risk factors for a lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion. Minimal invasive treatment, such as endoscopic mucosal resection, may be possible in highly selective submucosal cancers with no lymphatic involvement, SM1 invasion, and tumor size <1 cm.     

Significant prognostic factors in patients with early gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: Early gastric cancer is defined as a gastric carcinoma confined to the mucosa or submucosa regardless of lymph node status, and it has an excellent prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of more than 90%. From 1985 to 1995, we encountered 266 cases of early gastric cancer in our hospital. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the 266 cases of early gastric cancer was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinicopathological features (age, gender, tumor size, tumor location, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, histological type, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, histological growth pattern, cancer-stromal relationship and type of operation). RESULTS: The overall survival rate of all the patients with early gastric cancer was 95.7%. In univariate analysis, the statistical significant prognostic factors were regional lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0004), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.0053) and cancer-stromal relationship (P = 0.0016). Absence of lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion, and a medullary-type histopathology were associated with improved survival. In multivariate analysis, the statistically significant prognostic factors were lymph node metastasis and cancer-stromal relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of lymph node involvement and a scirrhous type of gastric cancer are associated with poor prognosis. Lymph node dissection with gastric resection is necessary for patients with early gastric cancer who have a high risk of lymph node metastasis. Postoperative chemotherapy is recommended for a scirrhous type of early gastric cancer.     

淋巴结清扫数对进展期G3级胃癌预后的影响分析

目的 探讨进展期低分化（G3级）胃癌预后的相关因素及淋巴结清扫数对其预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2002年12月至2007年8月复旦大学附属中山医院收治并手术的484例进展期G3级胃癌患者的临床资料,分析年龄、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤部位、淋巴结清扫数、淋巴结阳性数、淋巴结转移率和脉管癌栓对患者预后的影响.结果 G3级胃癌患者清扫淋巴结数是否达到15枚对淋巴结转移数、淋巴结转移率、脉管癌栓、临床分期及5年生存率均有显著影响（均P＜0.05）;多因素预后分析显示,肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结清扫数、淋巴结转移率和脉管癌栓是其独立的预后因素（均P＜0.05）.进展期G3级胃癌淋巴结清扫大于或等于20枚/例组患者的预后优于少于20枚/例组（P＜0.01）.结论 肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结清扫数、淋巴结转移率和脉管癌栓是评估进展期G3级胃癌预后的重要因素,淋巴结清扫数目应至少达到20枚以保证胃癌淋巴结清扫术的质量,改善患者预后.     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移潜在危险因素分析

目的:探讨影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的潜在危险因素,指导胃癌淋巴结清扫术(D1或D2)的合理应用。方法:回顾性分析1995年3月—2010年6月经手术治疗的336例早期胃癌患者的临床病理资料,对影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的潜在危险因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果:早期胃癌淋巴结转移与性别(P=0.010)、年龄(P=0.013)、肿瘤部位(P=0.042)、有无合并溃疡(P=0.001)、浸润深度(P<0.0001)、有无脉管癌栓(P<0.0001)有关,合并有溃疡(P=0.012)、浸润至黏膜下层(P=0.008)及有脉管癌栓(P=0.001)是淋巴结转移的独立性危险因素;黏膜内癌淋巴结转移与肿瘤部位(P=0.007)及大小(P=0.010)有关,肿瘤直径>20mm(P=0.041)是黏膜内癌淋巴结转移的独立性危险因素。结论:合并有溃疡、浸润至黏膜下层及有脉管癌栓的早期胃癌患者进行手术时,建议行淋巴结清扫(D2)术;肿瘤直径>20mm黏膜内癌也要考虑行淋巴结清扫(D2)术。     

胃癌异时性肝转移危险因素分析

目的探讨影响胃癌根治术后异时性肝转移发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院1996--2008年间收治的115例胃癌异时性肝转移患者的临床病理资料,分别采用Log—rank检验和Cox模型对影响胃癌异时性肝转移发生的临床病理因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果胃癌根治术后1、3和5年无肝转移率分别为45.3％、14．8％和3．5％。单因素分析显示,原发瘤部位、大小、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、血管浸润、神经浸润、软组织浸润及切除方式与胃癌根治术后肝转移的发生有关（均P〈0．05）。多因素分析显示,原发瘤大小、血管浸润、分化程度和淋巴结转移是影响胃癌异时性肝转移发生的独立因素（均P〈0．05）。结论原发灶大小、血管浸润、分化程度和淋巴结转移是预估胃癌异时性肝转移发生的重要因素。     

Risk factors predictive of lymph node metastasis in depressed early gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to identify risk factors predictive of regional lymph node metastasis in depressed early gastric cancer and further to establish an objective criterion useful to indicate additional surgical treatment in cases in which submucosal tumor extension becomes evident by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). METHODS: Data from 276 patients surgically treated for depressed early gastric cancer were collected, and the relationship between the patient and tumor characteristics, and the lymph node metastasis was retrospectively evaluated by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In the multivariate logistic regression model, female sex, a larger tumor size (20 mm or more), submucosal invasion, and presence of lymphatic vessel involvement were found to be independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Among 145 patients with submucosally invasive carcinoma, no lymph node metastasis was observed in patients who showed none of the other three risk factors, whereas 14.3% and 23.3% of patients with one and two of these factors had lymph node metastasis, respectively. The lymph node metastasis rate was calculated to be 86.7% in patients who had all three factors. CONCLUSIONS: Submucosal invasion, female sex, tumor size of 20 mm or more, and lymphatic vessel involvement were significantly and independently related to the presence of lymph node metastasis in depressed early gastric cancer. The positive number of the latter three risk factors is a simple criterion to indicate additional surgical treatment in cases with submucosal invasion revealed first by EMR.     

早期胃癌临床病理特征与预后因素的分析

目的：探讨早期胃癌临床病理特征与预后的关系。方法：采用单因素与多因素的分析方法，回顾性分析1994年至2000年间在我院接受手术且有完整临床资料和随访结果的137例早期胃癌病人的临床病理特征及其对预后的影响。结果：单因素分析显示肿瘤大小、浸润深度及淋巴结转移与早期胃癌的预后相关。多因素分析提示淋巴结转移是早期胃癌预后的独立危险因素。在本组无淋巴结转移的早期胃癌病人中，其术后5年生存率为93．2％，显著优于淋巴结转移者；其中有1～3枚淋巴结转移者，术后5年生存率为88．9％；有4枚及以上淋巴结转移者．术后5年生存率仅为30％，（P〈0．05）。血行转移是早期胃癌病人术后复发的主要类型。结论：淋巴结转移是影响早期胃癌预后的重要指标，术前评估早期胃癌的淋巴结转移状态有助于选择合理的治疗方案。应重视早期胃癌病人的术后随访。     

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目的探讨胃癌的临床病理特征与预后的关系。方法应用单因素和多因素的分析方法,回顾性分析1996年1月至2001年7月有完整临床病理资料和随访资料的256例胃癌病人的临床特点、病理特征及其预后影响因素。结果胃癌病人总的1、3年存活率分别为82.6%和63.1%。单因素分析显示,其预后与贫血、血小板增多、分化等级、浸润深度及转移情况均有相关性。应用Cox比例危险回归模型分析显示,血小板增多、浸润深度和转移情况是影响胃癌病人术后生存的独立因素。结论血小板增多是继肿瘤转移、肿瘤浸润深度后,影响胃癌预后的重要指标。     

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目的 探讨早期胃癌的淋巴结转移规律及其对预后的影响。方法 对161例有癌病人术后进行长期随访，对24例伴有淋巴结转移的早期胃癌与137例无淋巴结转移的早期胃癌的临床病理特征及3、5年生存率进行比较。结果 早期胃癌的淋巴结转移与肿瘤大小、浸润深度及淋巴、静脉侵犯有关，伴有淋巴结转移的早期胃癌3、5年生存率分别为82.8%和80.5%，明显低于无淋巴结转移者，后者分别为96.1%和92.4%。结论 术前或术中正确评估早期胃癌的淋巴结转移状态是选择合理的治疗方案和改善预后的重要条件。     

Carcinomatous Lymphatic Invasion in Early Gastric Cancer Invading Into the Submucosa

Background: Lymphatic invasion is a risk factor for lymph node metastases in patients with gastric cancer. No studies have been reported, however, on the correlation between lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer invading into the submucosa.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of lymphatic invasion in 170 patients with early gastric cancer invading into the submucosa.Results: Lymphatic invasion was found in 76 patients. Lymphatic invasion correlated significantly with the presence of lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion (P < .05) and with the degree of cancerous submucosal involvement (P < .05). The presence of lymph node metastasis also correlated with the grade of submucosal invasion and lymphatic invasion. The 5-year survival of patients with lymphatic invasion was poorer than that of patients without lymphatic invasion (P < .05). Node-negative patients had similar survival, regardless of the presence of lymphatic invasion. All patients with severe lymphatic invasion had sm3 invasion and lymph node metastases.Conclusion: Although lymphatic invasion is the first stage of lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion in itself does not have clinical importance except for severe invasion in early gastric cancer. It is possible to predict lymph node metastases from the combined evaluation of degree of lymphatic invasion and submucosal involvement of the tumor in patients with early gastric cancer invading into the submucosa.