夫妻人格特质与其婚姻质量的相关研究

目的 :探讨人格特质与婚姻质量的关系。方法 :采用OLSON婚姻质量问卷 (ENRICH)和卡特尔 16种个性因素问卷 (16PF)及访谈法 ,对陕西省部分地区 30 0名夫妻进行调查。结果 :夫妻人格特质与其婚姻质量水平存在一定相关 ,其中妻子的人格特质与婚姻质量水平的相关更为明显 ,且不同人格特质的妻子和丈夫在婚姻质量评价上表现出不同的特点。结论 :夫妻人格特质是影响其婚姻质量水平的重要因素之一 ,特质中不同因素所起的作用不同 ,同时也影响到婚姻质量的不同层面。     

夫妻个性组合与婚姻质量

目的:考查夫妻个性组合与婚姻质量的关系。方法:用中国人婚姻质量问卷和艾森克个性问卷对234对夫妇施测,分析夫妻不同个性组合对婚姻质量的影响。结果:神经质分低(T<40)、精神质分低(T<40)和纯朴性分适中(T=30-50)夫妻的婚姻质量较好(总分>340分),神经质分高(T>60)、精神质分高(T>60)和纯朴性分过低(T<30)夫妻的婚姻质量较差(总分<300分),内外向分高低对夫妻婚姻质量没有明显的影响。结论:夫妻个性相似或互补与婚姻质量没有必然的联系,具有情绪稳定、善于沟通和适当掩饰等特质的夫妻其婚姻质量较好。     

Determinants of personal growth and life satisfaction in divorced adults

Divorce is a major life event that can trigger sudden changes in how adults perceive themselves and operate in their social environments. Some previous evidence has documented changes in personality in reaction to marital dissolution. However, little is known about the determinants of personality development in the post-divorce period. Guided by the positive personality development model in adulthood, this study examined sociodemographic characteristics, divorce-related variables and personality-related indicators as determinants of life satisfaction and personal growth in divorced adults. Participants included 460 divorced adults who completed self-reported measures regarding sociodemographic characteristics, divorce-related variables and personality development indicators. Results showed that autonomy, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, emotional self-regulation indicators and motivation for personality adjustment goals were associated with post-divorce life satisfaction. Personal growth was associated with purpose in life, self-expansion, psychological mindedness and motivation for personality growth goals. The sociodemographic characteristics and divorce-related variables differently predicted life satisfaction and personal growth. We discussed the implications of the positive personality development model in understanding post-divorce personality adjustment and maturity.     

在婚者与离婚者婚姻质量与个性的调查分析

目的调查分析在婚者与离婚者的婚姻质量和个性的关系。方法采用Olson婚姻质量问卷和明尼苏达多相人格调查表中的3个临床量表和4个附加量表组成的问卷，对30名在婚者和30名离婚者做问卷调查。结果离婚组婚姻质量总分以及7个因子得分低于在婚组，有显著性差异；离婚组偏见分量表得分高于在婚组，有显著性差异；偏见与婚姻质量总分以及8个因子呈显著负相关；夫妻交流与偏见、精神衰弱、依赖性呈显著负相关，与社会责任感呈显著正相关。结论①夫妻双方在偏见这一个性特征上的相容性不好，是导致婚姻破裂的主要因素之一；②个性对婚姻质量的影响很可能是通过夫妻交流这一环节起作用的；③个性变出的个体婚姻盾量并不一定低于个性不变出的个体．主要还要看去圭个性组合的结果．     

The role of family-of-origin violence in men's marital violence perpetration

This paper presents overall transmission rates between family-of-origin violence and marital violence, as well as theoretical and empirical work on possible mechanisms of transmission. In identified samples, approximately 60% of the maritally violent men report family-of-origin violence, whereas slightly over 20% of the comparison group of maritally nonviolent men report family-of-origin violence. Modest associations between experiencing violence in the family of origin and marital violence are found in community samples and in studies with prospective and longitudinal designs. Variables that intervene in the association between family-of-origin violence and marital violence are reviewed, with a focus on personal characteristics such as antisocial personality, psychological distress, and attitudes condoning violence, as well as on contextual factors, such as marital problems and conflict resolution style. Variables associated with nonviolence in men who grew up in violent families also are identified, including strong interpersonal connections and the ability to create psychological distance from the family-of-origin violence. Continued empirical investigation of variables that potentiate or mitigate the association between family-of-origin violence and marital violence at different developmental stages is needed to identify explanatory mechanisms and, ultimately, to interrupt the intergenerational transmission of marital violence.     

Affective temperaments: Unique constructs or dimensions of normal personality by another name?

Background

Current models theorize that affective temperaments underlie the development and expression of mood psychopathology. Recent studies support the construct validity of affective temperaments in clinical and non-clinical samples. However, one concern is that affective temperaments may be describing characteristics that are better captured by models of normal personality. We conducted two studies examining: (a) the association of affective temperaments with domains and facets of normal personality, and (b) whether affective temperaments accounted for variance in mood symptoms and disorders, impairment, and daily-life experiences over-and-above variance accounted for by normal personality.

Methods

Study 1 included 522 young adults who completed the TEMPS-A and the NEO-PI-3. Study 2 included 145 participants who were administered the TEMPS-A, NEO-FFI, interviews assessing psychopathology and impairment, and an assessment of daily life experiences.

Results

Study 1 revealed that personality domains and facets accounted for one-third to one-half of the variance in affective temperaments. However, study 2 demonstrated that affective temperaments accounted for unique variance in measures of psychopathology, impairment, and daily-life experiences after partialling variance associated with personality domains. Specifically, cyclothymic/irritable temperament predicted bipolar disorders, impairment, borderline personality traits, urgency, and anger in daily life. Hyperthymic temperament predicted hypomanic episodes, grandiosity, sensation seeking, and increased activity in daily life.

Limitations

The study was limited by the fact that only domain, not facet-level, measures of FFM were available in study 2.

Conclusions

The findings support the validity of hyperthymic and cyclothymic/irritable temperaments as indicators of clinical psychopathology and indicate that they provide information beyond normal personality.     

夫妻性格组合与婚姻质量关系探讨

目的 :探讨性格与婚姻质量的关系。方法 :采用 L OCK- WAL L ANCE婚姻调适测定及艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)对广州地区 689对中年夫妻进行调查。结果 :由中间型性格男性与内向型性格女性组合的家庭婚姻满意率最高达 70 % ,性格同属中间型的男女组合的家庭婚姻满意率居第二位 ,性格同属内向型男女组合的家庭婚姻满意率最低。结论 :夫妻性格组合对婚姻质量有一定影响。     

实施健康教育对A型性格冠心病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨健康教育对A型性格冠心病患者生活质量的影响。方法选择住院的176例A型性格冠心病患者随机分成两组,观察组和对照组各88人,两组病人在进行常规治疗的同时观察组同步实施健康教育。在病人入院时和入院后8周,采取生活质量指数评定量表,分别对两组病人的生活质量进行评分和记录。结果实施健康教育8周,观察组总体生活质量(5.86±1.046)明显高于对照组(3.42±0.703),差异有显著意义(P0.01);组内比较,观察组总体生活质量(5.86±1.046)明显高于入院时(3.64±0.798),差异有显著意义(P0.01)。结论对A型性格冠心病患者实施合理完善的健康教育,对于改善患者的生活质量是十分重要的。     

Intuition and meaning in life in persons with varying level of depressive symptoms and impairments in personality functioning

Objectives

The current research explored the interplay between intuition, meaning in life, and psychopathology. Specifically, we investigated whether experiential and reflective components of meaning in life are associated with depressive symptoms and personality pathology, whether intuition is related to the experience of meaning, and whether psychopathology has disruptive effects on intuition as well as on the link between intuition and the experience of meaning.

Methods

We tested our preregistered hypotheses in two independent studies. In Study 1, N = 448 participants completed self-report instruments assessing the experiential and the reflective dimensions of meaning in life, depressive symptoms, and impairments in personality functioning. Intuition was operationalized as the ability to intuitively detect semantic coherence in an experimental task. Additionally, self-reported confidence in intuition was assessed. In Study 2, we aimed to replicate our findings and hypotheses that emerged from Study 1 with a new sample of N = 1189 participants.

Results

In both studies, participants with more depressive symptoms or higher levels of personality pathology experienced life as less meaningful but reflected significantly more about meaning in life. The intuitive ability to discriminate between coherence and incoherence in the experimental task was neither related to the experience of meaning in life nor to psychopathology, but more confidence in intuition was associated with experiencing life as more meaningful and with less psychopathological symptoms. It was tentatively supported that the association between meaning in life and intuition was moderated by psychopathology.

Conclusion

The findings are discussed in terms of their clinical implications and regarding the cognitive-affective processes potentially underlying people's experience of life being meaningful.     

Longitudinal associations between marital quality and sleep quality in older adulthood

The current study examined how changes in marital quality are associated with changes in sleep quality in older adults over an 8-year period. Older adults from the Health and Retirement Study completed measures of both marital support/strain and sleep quality in 2006, 2010, and 2014 (N = 4981). We used latent growth curve models to examine intraindividual change in support, strain, and sleep quality. Further, we examined interrelationships between changes in each of these three indicators. Results showed that higher marital quality was associated with better sleep at baseline. We also found that marital quality and sleep quality were coordinated over time—as marital quality increased, so did sleep quality. When this covariation was accounted, the prospective effects of baseline marital quality on changes in sleep quality were not found. The current study provided evidence for a long-term temporal coordination of marital quality and sleep quality in older adults.     

Quality of life in children surviving cancer: a personality and multi-informant perspective

OBJECTIVE: To describe quality of life (QoL) of children surviving cancer in relation to their personality, using self- and maternal reports and examining differences with healthy referents. METHOD: Sixty-seven children who survived childhood cancer were compared with eighty-one healthy children on QoL and personality characteristics. RESULTS: Children who survived cancer reported higher QoL than healthy children, whereas there were no differences for personality. Two main effects emerged for informant with children rating themselves as less neurotic and more conscientious than their mothers. The correspondence between mothers and children was substantially higher for survivors for QoL and personality ratings. QoL and trait measures share substantial variance, and personality traits significantly predict QoL. Parental personality ratings explained child QoL beyond children's personality ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Personality traits contribute to quality of life, indicating that personality significantly influences child's quality of life beyond the experience of a negative life event such as surviving cancer and its treatment. From a diagnostic perspective, parental trait ratings are informative in addition to children's ratings of personality to understand children's QoL.     

Quality of life in unaffected twins discordant for affective disorder

BACKGROUND: The disability and hardship associated with affective disorder is shared by the family members of affective patients and might affect the family member's quality of life. METHOD: In a cross-sectional, high-risk, case-control study, monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins with (High-Risk twins) and without (the control group/Low-Risk twins) a co-twin history of affective disorder were identified through nationwide registers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that a genetic liability to affective disorder is associated with a lower perception of quality of life. RESULTS: Univariate analyses showed that quality of life in all domains was impaired for the 121 High-Risk twins compared to the 84 Low-Risk twins. In multiple regression analyses, the differences remained significant after adjustment for sex, age, marital status and years of education. Adjusted for the effect of subclinical anxiety and depressive symptoms, the differences were significant on the domain environment and total WHOQoL-BREF and marginally significant on the domain physical health and overall quality of life. LIMITATIONS: It is not possible from the cross-sectional analyses to distinguish between subsyndromal state and trait scores. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived health related quality of life might share common familial vulnerability with affective disorders. Having a co-twin with affective disorder seem to have a negative influence on quality of life of the healthy co-twin and this influence might be due to the genetic liability to affective disorder. These findings need to be replicated in future family studies.     

The transition to coparenthood: parents' pre-birth expectations and early coparental adjustment at 3 months postpartum

In the decade since the first observationally based empirical studies of coparenting process in nuclear families made their mark, most investigations of early coparenting dynamics have examined whether and how such dynamics drive child development trajectories, rather than identifying factors that may contribute to the differential development of such dynamics in the first place. In this prospective study, we examined both individual-representational and dyadic-interpersonal predictors of early coparental process. Fifty married couples expecting their first child portrayed their expectations and concerns about family life after the baby's arrival, and took part in a set of problem-solving tasks used to help evaluate marital quality. Both mothers' and fathers' prebaby expectations about the future family, and prenatal marital quality, predicted observed coparenting cohesion at 3 months postpartum. Maternal- and marriage-coparenting trajectories differed as a function of infant characteristics, with pathways most pronounced when infants were rated high in negative reactivity. Results reveal how the prenatal environment can come to shape early coparenting process, and indicate that family models must take into account the role that child characteristics can play in altering prebirth-postpartum pathways.     

婚姻质量与个性、婚姻动因的关系

目的：探讨婚姻质量与个性、婚姻动因的关系。方法：抽取156名在婚者为本研究的对象，其中男77人、女79人，每位受试者接受婚姻动因问卷、艾森克个性问卷和Olson婚姻质量问卷测查。结果：本样本受试者在婚姻质量问卷多数维度上的得分低于美国常模；婚姻质量与神经质和精神质得分呈显著负相关，婚姻质量的某些难度与内外向和掩饰性呈正相关；婚姻质量与人际-情感动因呈显著正相关，与社会-家庭和个人动因呈显著负相关。结论：个体和婚姻动因是影响婚姻质量的重要因素。     

90后高职护生实习现状调查及分析

目的 调查90后高职护生临床实习表现,分析存在问题,提高职临床护理教育质量。方法 2018年1月采用我院自设的《优秀实习生评选表》,调查2017~2018年度81名在我院实习的90后高职护生临床实习表现,分析不足。结果 90后护生临床实习表现总体得分（94.32±3.03）分,软技能和学习情况等条目得分稍低;男生学习情况得分高于女生,男生各项活动参与情况得分低于女生,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;3+2高职护生劳动纪律得分,学习情况得分低于非3+2高职护生,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;郊区高职实习生的护士素质、工作态度、劳动纪律、学习情况,各项活动参与情况得分均低于城区高职实习生和自联大专实习生得分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 90后高职护生实习表现总体良好,但软技能和理论操作技能有待提高,各层面上应注重护生软技能的培养,塑造护生良好的个性品质。不同护生特质不一,院校护理教育者应通力合作,及时沟通,积极更新教学理念,革新教育方法,针对护生不同特质采取针对教育,提高90后高职护生整体素质。     

Personality and the perception of health in the general population

BACKGROUND: Several population-based studies have shown that self-perceived health is a powerful predictor of health outcomes. The extent to which self-perceived health is associated with personality characteristics is, however, largely unknown. We aimed to study the relationship between self-perceived health and personality among adults in the community. METHOD: Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey, a representative sample of adults age 25-74. MANOVA was used to determine the relationship between self-perception of health and personality using the five-factor model. RESULTS: Personality factors were significantly associated with perception of poor health. Among those without self-reported medical problems (N = 834), openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with perception of good health, while neuroticism was associated with the perception of poor health. In subjects with self-reported medical problems (N = 2772), high scores on agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness, and low neuroticism scores were associated with perception of good health. These associations remained significant after adjustments for age, gender, race, marital status and education. CONCLUSIONS: Self-perceived health is strongly associated with personality characteristics, both in subjects with and without self-reported medical problems. It is suggested that personality characteristics could contribute to the previously reported associations between self-perceived health and health outcomes.     

Conduct Problems in Boys: Relations to Maternal Personality,Marital Satisfaction,and Socioeconomic Status

We obtained data on families of 66 clinic-referred 6- to 13-year-old boys and propose two models postulating different patterns of interrelations among several aspects of dysfunctional family environment (socioeconomic status, maternal antisocial personality, and marital satisfaction) and child conduct problems. As in previous studies, we found a significant correlation between marital satisfaction and child conduct problems. An objective indicator of maternal antisocial personality derived pore the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was significantly correlated with marital satisfaction, but socioeconomic status was not. A decomposition of the correlation between marital satisfaction and child conduct problems revealed a nonsignificant direct effect, suggesting that the correlation between thee variables reflects their common association with the "third variable" of maternal antisocial personality.     

Patient education interventions for colorectal cancer patients with stoma: A systematic review

ObjectivesTo describe the various types of patient education interventions for colorectal cancer patients with stoma and to examine their effects on quality of life, psychosocial skills and self-management skills.MethodsA systematic review was performed. Six electronic databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were: studies about patient education applying quantitative methods including digestive stoma adults with colorectal cancer. The primary outcome was quality of life. Secondary outcomes were psychosocial and self-management skills.ResultsThirteen studies were identified and included. Five studies examined quality of life and three reported improvements. Patient education improved some psychosocial and self-management skills. Contrasting findings were reported for specific-disease quality of life, emotional distress, length of hospital stay, stoma complications and readmission rate.ConclusionsPatient education has a positive impact on some psychosocial and self-management skills, indicating that this area should be developed. Contrasting findings were reported for quality of life. Methodologies are heterogeneous making it difficult to produce evidence-based guidelines. This article proposes tools to carry out further studies on this subject and to improve understanding.Practice implicationFurther education intervention for stoma patients with colorectal cancer should be standardized in terms of intervention, duration and outcome measures to compare intervention and determine best practice.     

Perceived partner reactions to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer: impact on psychosocial and psychosexual adjustment

Two studies examined breast cancer patients' perceptions of their partners' reactions to their diagnosis and treatment as influences on 3 aspects of patients' well-being: psychosexual adjustment, emotional distress, and marital satisfaction. Study 1, cross-sectional, indicated that partner initiation of sex, frequency of sex, a positive 1st sexual experience after treatment, and especially perception of the partner's emotional involvement in the relationship, were relevant to these outcomes. Study 2, longitudinal, confirmed many of these findings in prospective tests across 1 year of recovery after surgery. Partner involvement prospectively predicted all 3 outcomes. Partner initiation of sex predicted greater marital satisfaction; partner adverse reaction to the scar predicted less marital satisfaction. Rated quality of the 1st sexual experience after treatment predicted less distress. The pattern suggests that women's impressions of their partners' emotional involvement after surgery for breast cancer forecast their adjustment in sexual, marital, and emotional arenas over the following year.     

青年军官婚姻质量与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的研究青年军官主观幸福感与婚姻质量的关系。方法采用Olson婚姻质量问卷、情感平衡量表和幸福感指数量表对302名有效青年军官进行调查。结果①幸福感指数(10.34±2.65)低于常模(11.8±2.2),情感平衡指数(6.3)低于常模(6.7);②在幸福感指数上,青年军官婚姻质量(F=1.85,P<0.01)、性生活(F=1.70,P<0.01)、业余活动(F=1.76,P<0.01)和过分理想化(F=1.69,P<0.01)呈现差异;婚姻满意度(F=1.62,P<0.05)、夫妻交流(F=1.62,P<0.05)、解决冲突方式(F=1.46,P<0.05)呈现差异。青年军官婚姻质量及其各维度与总体情感指数和幸福感指数均呈现相关(P<0.01)。青年军官婚姻质量和性格相容性对幸福感指数具有重要的影响。结论青年军官的婚姻质量越高,其主观幸福感越高。