Attenuation of morphine withdrawal signs by low level laser therapy in rats

In the present study, the effects of low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) on naloxone-induced withdrawal signs of morphine-dependent rats were examined. Low-intensity lasers with a power density of 12.5J/cm(2) have been used by a Ga-Al-As laser. One-way ANOVA showed that the LILT which applied immediately or 15min prior to naloxone injection significantly decreased total withdrawal score (TWS). These results suggest that LILT prior to naloxone injection attenuates the expression of withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats. Further studies may elucidate the likely role of LILT in clinical management of opioid withdrawal syndrome.     

低分子肝素钙治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察低分子肝素钙（LMWHCa）治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法选用48例急性脑梗死病人,其中24例用常规治疗为对照组,治疗组24例除常规治疗外,加用LMWHCa4100抗Xa国际单位腹部皮下注射,bid,连续10d为1疗程。治疗前后分别作神经功能评分、血液流变学观察和PT、AFTT、TT、Fg。结果治疗组神经功能恢复、血液流变学改善均明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组用药后Fg降低,PT延长,与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,两组治疗前后的TT、APTI变化不明显;治疗组有2例出现皮下淤斑。结论脑梗死急性期给予低分子肝素钙治疗安全和有效。     

脑SPECT引导低剂量放疗治疗难治性外伤性癫（癎）初探

目的 探讨脑SPECT（单光子发射计算机断层扫描）对难治性外伤性癫（癎）的定位价值和经其引导低剂量放疗的疗效.方法 分析2004-07-2008-07收治的26例难治性外伤性癫（癎）患者,利用发作期及间期脑SPECT对比确定致（癎）灶后经三维适形NOVALS放射治疗,治疗后口服抗癫（癎）药物至少1 a,随访4～8 a.结果 满意（Engel Ⅰ）7例,显著改善（Engel Ⅱ）14例,良好（Engel Ⅲ）3例,无效（Engel Ⅳ）2例,无加重,总有效率88.5%,优良率76.9%.结论 利用发作期及间期脑SPECT对比引导低剂量放疗是治疗外伤性癫（癎）的有效方法.     

急性脑梗塞患者静脉溶栓治疗期间血浆纤溶活性和GMP-140变化的研究

本文动态观察了１３例急性脑梗塞患者早期大剂量尿激酶静脉溶栓期间血浆纤溶活性及ＧＭＰ－１４０的变化。结果显示溶栓完毕后即刻血浆纤溶酶原活性（ｔ－ＰＡ）和Ｄ－二聚体明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），但这些变化持续时间较短，血浆ｔ－ＰＡ、ＰＡＩ活性分别于２４小时、４８小时后又恢复到溶栓前水平，血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０于溶栓完毕后即刻上升，２４小时达高峰，４８小时后下降。认为急性脑梗塞早期静脉溶栓期间继发性纤溶增加同时伴有血小板激活，凝血活性增高     

脑波治疗仪治疗脑卒中伴发抑郁研究

目的：研究脑波治疗仪治疗脑卒中后伴发抑郁症状的疗效。方法：采用双盲对照法，选取脑卒中伴发抑郁症状患者186例，随机分为3组，分别在常规神经科治疗上加脑波治疗仪、加抗抑郁药、单纯常规神经科治疗，比较其疗效。结果：前2种方法的疗效均好于后1种，且第1种疗法的不良反应少。结论：脑波治疗仪加上常规神经科治疗能促进脑卒中的康复。     

The effect of laser irradiation for nucleus pulposus: an experimental study

BACKGROUND: The radicular pain caused by disc herniation can be explained by two mechanisms: the compression of the nerve root by the herniated disc or the irritation of the nerve root due to chemical factors. Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) was introduced for the treatment of lumbar disc hernias in the 1980s. Decompression of the nerve root is assumed to be an effective therapeutic mechanism for PLDD. However, laser irradiation might reduce the chemical factors that cause nerve root irritation by altering intra-disc proteins. We used nerve conduction velocities (NCV) and levels of two chemical factors to evaluate the differences between the two groups in this in vivo study. METHODS: All rabbits had the nerve root in contact with the leakage from the nucleus pulposus. One group underwent laser irradiation for the leaking nucleus pulposus including the incision site of the disc and nucleus pulposus itself. The levels of two chemical factors, prostaglandin E2 and phospholipase E2, in the intervertebral disc were measured before and after laser irradiation. RESULTS: NCV in the laser-irradiated group was significantly faster than in the non-laser-irradiated group. The levels of chemical factors were significantly reduced after laser irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: One of the mechanisms thought to be responsible for PLDD's effectiveness is a decrease in the chemical factors through protein alteration in the intervertebral disc by laser irradiation.     

阿替普酶溶栓治疗对急性脑梗死患者氧化应激相关因子水平和神经功能的影响

目的 分析阿替普酶溶栓治疗对急性脑梗死患者氧化应激相关因子水平和神经功能的影响。方法 选取本院2016年5月-2018年5月收治的急性脑梗死患者60例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组; 对照组患者采用尿激酶溶栓治疗,观察组患者采用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,分析2组患者治疗后的临床效果。结果 治疗前2组患者大脑中动脉血流动力学指标水平、NIHSS评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 治疗7 d后观察组患者大脑中动脉收缩期峰值、舒张末期及平均流速高于对照组; 治疗14、28 d后NIHSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前2组患者8-OHdG、MDA、Ang-Ⅱ、CD62p、GMP-140、TNF-α水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 治疗7 d后观察组患者8-OHdG、MDA、Ang-Ⅱ、CD62p、GMP-140、TNF-α水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者不良反应发生率为6.67%,对照组为16.67%,2组患者不良反应发生率比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 阿替普酶溶栓治疗可改善急性脑梗死患者的神经功能,其机制可能与降低氧化应激相关因子、Ang-Ⅱ、CD62p、GMP-140水平有关。     

抑郁症患者SPECT研究

目的 探讨抑郁症脑血流灌注的特点及与临床症状的相关性。方法 开放式收集门诊及住院诊断为抑郁症患者37例,进行治疗前后的^99mTc-双半胱乙脂（ECD）单光子发射型计算机断层扫描（SPECT）技术,测量患者治疗前后脑血流灌注（rCBF）显像,半定量测定rCBF,并与12例正常对照者比较。结果 37例抑郁症患者双侧额叶、双侧颞叶、双侧顶叶,双侧枕叶、左基底核有脑低灌注现象。治疗后临床康复者各部位脑灌注明显改善,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论 抑郁症患者存在额叶、颡叶、顶叶及枕叶多区域的脑血流低灌注,其中以左侧较为明显,治疗后明显改善。     

丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病临床SPECT随访

目的探讨丘脑底核脑深部电刺激(STN DBS)治疗帕金森病(PD)患者症状的改善及单光子放射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)的影像学变化。方法4例施行单侧STN DBS患者术前和给予电刺激后进行帕金森病综合评分(UPDRS)和SPECT测定。结果STN DBS术后临床症状明显改善,UPDRS运动评分缓解60%。3例改善良好的患者SPECT检查提示纹状体区域多巴胺转运体(DAT)含量较术前提高,另1例疗效欠佳的患者DAT含量降低,所有的患者多巴胺D2受体(D2R)检测与术前无明显差异。结论STN DBS可以明显改善PD患者的临床症状,SPECT检查显示刺激侧纹状体区DAT含量的升高提示STN DBS可能改善了多巴胺的代谢,而这种改善可能是STN DBS缓解PD症状的作用机制之一。     

99Tcm-HL91 SPECT脑显像显示急性脑梗死患者存活脑组织的初步研究

目的 观察99Tcm-HL91 SPECT脑显像能否显示急性脑梗死的乏氧组织(处于缺血缺氧状态但尚存活的脑组织)。方法 起病96小时内的大脑半球梗死患者行99Tcm-HL91 SPECT脑显像和同机CT扫描,并进行图像融合。在连续2个以上层面和两个以上不同轴向断层上,在梗死侧大脑半球出现放射性浓集区,为乏氧显像阳性。结果43例患者中,乏氧显像阳性者24例,均属完全或部分前循环梗塞。乏氧显像区位于梗死灶周围。9例住起病后7～17天复查SPECT,仍呈阳性,但乏氧组织已减少。腔隙性梗死者,乏氧显像均阴性。结论99Tcm-HL91 SPECT显像能清晰地显示完全及部分前循环梗塞患者的脑乏氧组织,能提示急性脑梗死后脑组织的存活,有助于指导治疗。     

SPECT analysis of recent cerebral infarction

We measured regional cerebral blood flow and [123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) uptake in 16 patients with unilateral brain infarcts during the subacute period (Day 3 to Day 50) and again after 3 months. Our results show that the central and peripheral areas described earlier in the chronic period were already differentiated in the subacute period. The central area presented a short phase of luxury perfusion and a longer phase of IMP hyperfixation. The peripheral area showed both a slight regional cerebral blood flow decrease and an early IMP uptake decrease similar to those previously found in the chronic period. Contralateral regional cerebral blood flow during the subacute period, considered normal, was significantly lower than that during the chronic period.     

Effects of single low dose irradiation on subventricular zone cells in juvenile rat brain

Although the juvenile human brain is relatively radioresistant, irradiation can result in brain growth retardation, progressive mental disturbance, and neurologic abnormalities. As neural stem cells or progenitor cells may be a target of radiation injury and may play an important role in the brain's functional recovery, we examined the effects of whole brain irradiation on these cells in juvenile rat. Six-week-old Wistar rats, where the brain is still growing, were irradiated with single doses of 1, 2, or 3 Gy X-ray. We measured their body and brain weights at 30 or 60 days after irradiation. The chronological changes of the subventricular zone (SVZ) were examined at 6 h, 2, 7, 14, 30, or 60 days after irradiation by immunohistochemistry, specifically looking at the neural stem cells or progenitor cells using anti-nestin antibodies specific for these cells. The rate of brain weight gain of irradiated rats significantly decreased in comparison to controls, although that of body weight gain was similar among them. Multiple apoptotic cells appeared in the SVZ at 6 h after irradiation with simultaneous reduction in nestin-positive cells (69% of the control). The cell levels recovered within a week, with the nestin-positive cells reaching maximal numbers (182%) on Day 14. Nestin-positive cells returned to baseline levels within 30 days (96%) and remained unchanged for the subsequent 60 days. The X-ray dosage did not affect these findings. Our findings revealed that single low dose X-ray administration reversibly affected the levels of neural stem and progenitor cells in the SVZ region. These results suggest that continuous multiple administrations of X-rays in clinical treatment may affect irreversible changes on neural stem or progenitor cells, causing brain growth retardation, or dysfunction.     

基底动脉闭塞的DSA分析

目的 探讨脑干梗死经DSA全脑血管造影证实基底动脉闭塞后的临床与预后,以期对临床治疗有一定的指导意义。方法 选取14例在临床中发现并经脑血管造影证实为基底动脉闭塞而临床症状轻微的患者。分析基底动脉闭塞后的临床表现与侧支代偿之间的关系。结果 （1）基底动脉近端闭塞,临床表现多以眩晕发作为主（占91％）;中段或远端闭塞,则多表现为间断性意识障碍（占66．7％）。（2）基底动脉近端闭塞,侧支血流多由颈外动脉和锁骨下动脉分支及椎动脉颅外段的肌支或脊髓前动脉代偿供血;基底动脉中、远段闭塞,侧支血流多由小脑后下动脉与小脑上动脉吻合（占100％）。结论 基底动脉闭塞若侧支代偿充分,可不表现明显的脑干缺血表现或表现轻微。内科治疗效果较好。     

99mTc-TRODAT-1人脑多巴胺转运体显像初步研究

目的　探讨利用99Tcm 2 β [N ,N′ 双 ( 2 巯乙基 )乙撑二胺基 ]甲基 ,3 β ( 4 氯苯基 )托烷 ( 99mTc TRODAT 1 )进行人脑多巴胺转运体 (DAT)SPECT显像的可能性和方法 ,并对其临床应用价值进行初步探讨。方法　正常人与帕金森病病人 ,以99mTc TRODAT 1为显像放射性药物 ,进行SPECT显像。结果　99mTc TRODAT 1能快速通过血脑屏障入脑。注射后 3～ 5小时 ,正常人基底节区域有高度的放射性摄取 ,而大脑其他部分和小脑少或无明显放射性摄取。帕金森病病人 ,根据病情、病程不同 ,基底节放射性摄取有不同程度减少。结论　初步结果提示 ,99mTc TRODAT 1是一种较为理想的脑DATSPECT显像用放射性药物 ,99mTc TRODAT 1DATSPECT显像对帕金森病的诊断、病情评估具有临床应用价值     

Quantitative study of brain perfusion patterns of 99mTc-ECD SPECT in children with developmental disabilities

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between developmental disabilities and brain perfusion patterns. We performed technetium-99 m-ethylcysteinate dimer (99m-Tc-ECD) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 30 children with neurological disorders using the Patlak plot method. In children without developmental disabilities, the distribution of regional cortical perfusion evolved in relation to brain maturation. At one month of age, there was a predominant uptake in the perirolandic cortex. Radionuclide uptake in both the parietal and occipital cortices became evident by three months. Uptake in the temporal and frontal cortex increased by 6 and 11 months, respectively. Brain perfusion showed a pattern similar to that of adults by two years of age at the latest. In children with developmental disabilities, developmental changes of brain perfusion were delayed compared to normally developing children. Brain SPECT is a useful tool to assess the brain maturation in children with developmental disabilities.     

全脑照射后血脑屏障改变对放射性脑损伤的影响

目的 探讨全脑照射后血脑屏障通透性的改变对放射性脑损伤的影响.方法 80只昆明小鼠随机分对照组、5 Gy、15 Gy和30 Gy剂量组,每组20只,分别于照射后1周和4周,各组随机取出10只小鼠采用Morris水迷宫测试其空间记忆能力,行为测试结束后,随机抽取7只测量其脑内伊文思蓝的含量,3只在电镜下观察血脑屏障结构的改变.结果 照射后1周,15 Gy和30 Gy剂量组脑内依文思蓝明显升高;照射后4周,15 Gy剂量组恢复到对照组水平,而30 Gy剂量组仍未见恢复.照射后1周,15 Gy和30 Gy剂量组小鼠第1次穿越平台的时间延长和穿越次数明显减少;照射后4周,15 cy剂量组恢复到对照组水平,而30 Gy剂量组仍未见恢复.电镜结果显示15 Gy剂量组照射后1周血脑屏障基膜周围出现透亮区,照射后4周恢复;30 Gy剂量组照射后1周血脑屏障基膜周围也出现透亮区,而照射后4周除血脑屏障基膜继续透亮区外,尚出现内皮细胞核固缩、神经元凋亡和脱髓鞘等现象.结论 放射后血脑屏障的通透性的改变是放射损伤的结果,可能也是放射后继发性脑损伤的原因.     

急性脑梗死患者高敏C反应蛋白水平与颈动脉斑块性质相关性研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者与高敏C反应蛋白水平及颈动脉斑块性质的关系。方法选取2007年12月至2009年12月于我院治疗的92例急性脑梗死患者彩色多普勒超声检测结果将其分为不稳定斑块组30例、稳定斑块组32例和无斑块组30例,同时选取30例健康人作为对照组。对四组人员的高敏C反应蛋白水平及颈动脉斑块性质进行统计比较。结果急性脑梗死患者的斑块检出率明显高于健康组,对照组高敏C反应蛋白水平明显低于不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组及无斑块组,而不稳定斑块组水平又明显高于稳定斑块组及无斑块组,P〈0.05。结论急性脑梗死患者高敏C反应蛋白水平及颈动脉斑块有其相关性。     

超急性期脑梗死患者低剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓临床观察

目的探讨超急性期脑梗死TOAST分型对低剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗效果的影响。方法选取2014-08—2016-05本院收治的超早期脑梗死(发病时间4.5h)患者75例为研究对象,按照TOAST分型分为CE组、SAA组和LAA组,所有患者均接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,观察分析其临床效果及不良反应发生情况。结果 LAA组、CE组治疗后2h、7d其NIHSS评分与治疗前比较均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);SAA组治疗前后其BI指数、NIHSS评分均无明显变化(P0.05);CE组不良反应发生率明显高于LAA组、SAA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于不同TOAST分型的超早期急性脑梗死患者,采用rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗以CE、LAA患者疗效最为显著,而SAA患者多表现不佳,治疗过程中,对CE患者应加强病情观察和护理,以预防出血事件发生。     

急性脑梗死联合抗栓治疗的疗效分析

目的 评价急性脑梗死联合抗栓治疗的疗效。方法 收集2014年1月～2015年10月本院神经内科收治急性脑梗死病例227例,发病48 h内; 使用阿司匹林治疗的患者48例为阿司匹林组; 早期使用阿加曲班的患者72例为阿加曲班组; 早期联合使用阿加曲班和阿司匹林的患者107例为联合组; 3组均采用他汀类药物调脂、血压血糖控制等治疗; 阿加曲班注射液使用方法为首日和次日以60 mg剂量+生理盐水500 mL于24 h内滴完,自第3 d起用药剂量调整为10 mg+生理盐水250 mL分早晚2次滴注,每次于3 h内滴完,连续5 d; 使用NIHSS评分和mRS评分对两组患者在治疗前、疾病高峰时、14 d、6月进行评定,比较3组疗效。结果 阿司匹林组、阿加曲班组和联合组入院基线资料比较,性别构成、年龄、入院血压、入院血糖、LDL-C、入院初始NIHSS评分比较无显著差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。3组患者14 d时NIHSS评分较峰值NIHSS评分均有显著下降; 3组NIHSS评分改善度有显著差异,联合组显著大于其余2组,而阿司匹林组和阿加曲班组比较无明显差异(F=15.379,P<0.05); 3组患者病程6月时mRS比较联合组要显著低于阿司匹林组,其余组间比较无明显差异(F=2.376,P>0.05)。结论 急性脑梗死患者阿加曲班抗凝治疗有效,联合抗栓治疗显示具有更好的效果和预后。