磁共振弥散加权像阴性缺血性卒中临床特征和原因分析

目的探讨静脉溶栓治疗中磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)弥散加权像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)阴性缺血性卒中的临床特征及可能原因。方法回顾性分析长海医院2013年9月-2015年2月单纯静脉溶栓的缺血性卒中患者,根据头颅MRI将患者分为DWI阳性组和DWI阴性组,比较两组患者基线资料、脑血管病危险因素、临床症状和出院时结局的差异。结果入组的119例患者中,DWI阳性94例,阴性25例,DWI阴性率为21%,DWI阳性组和阴性组患者性别、年龄、脑血管病危险因素发生率无显著差异。两组入院时的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分未见显著差异,出院时DWI阴性组的NIHSS评分中位数为0(0,1),显著低于DWI阳性组NIHSS评分中位数1(0,4)(P=0.02);改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分中位数为0(0,1),显著低于DWI阳性组m RS评分中位数1(1,3)(P0.001)。DWI阳性组出血转化率(2.1%)和死亡率(1.1%)均较低,而DWI阴性组未见出血转化和死亡病例,两组的出血转化及死亡结局没有显著差异。结论与DWI阳性缺血性卒中相比,DWI阴性缺血性卒中出院时症状较轻,恢复较好。两组溶栓后颅内出血的发生率及死亡率均较低且没有显著差异,静脉溶栓对于DWI阳性及阴性的缺血性卒中都是安全的。     

大脑中动脉分布区缺血性卒中患者的临床和影像学特征及复发危险因素

目的 分析大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery,MCA）分布区非心源性缺血性卒中患者的临床和影像 学特征及复发的危险因素。 方法 连续入选发病7 d以内的MCA分布区非心源性缺血性卒中患者。收集患者的人口学信息、血管 病的危险因素和发病时的主要症状及体征,评价患者的头颅磁共振影像包括急性梗死灶的部位、 数量、分布特征、责任动脉有无狭窄、缺血性卒中的病因分型。随访患者1年内有无缺血性卒中或短暂 性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）复发,通过多元Logistic回归分析患者复发的危险因素。 结果 研究共入组926例患者,责任MCA狭窄≥70%的患者（447例）常见多发梗死灶（338例,75.6%） 和分水岭梗死（317例,70.9%）,而责任MCA无狭窄或狭窄程度<70%患者（479例）常见MCA穿支分 布区单发梗死灶（247例,55.3%）。冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病[比值比（odds ratio,OR）7.55,95%可 信区间（confidence interval,CI）2.85～20.0,P <0.001]、缺血性卒中病史（OR 3.49,95%CI 1.52～8.01, P =0.003）、缺血性卒中发病前3个月内反复TI A史（OR 22.7,95%CI 8.35～61.6,P <0.001）、新发梗死 灶为多发（OR 5.26,95%CI 1.33～20.8,P =0.018）是患者1年内缺血性卒中或TIA复发的危险因素。 结论 对于非心源性缺血性卒中患者,MCA分布区梗死灶的分布特征与MCA狭窄程度有关。新发梗 死灶为多发、既往有缺血性心脑血管病病史的患者1年缺血性卒中或TIA复发风险高。     

c-TCD阳性的隐源性卒中的临床及影像学特点

目的 分析经颅多普勒发泡试验（contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler,c-TCD）阳性的隐源性卒中患 者的临床特点及梗死灶影像特征。 方法 纳入我院2013年1月-2016年12月根据TOAST分型诊断为隐源性缺血性卒中的患者,根据c-TCD 结果分为阳性组（伴右向左分流）及阴性组（不伴右向左分流）。分析并比较两组人口学资料、脑血 管病传统危险因素、梗死灶影像学等方面的特点。 结果 共纳入113例患者,其中阳性组60例,阴性组53例。经食管超声心动图（transesoph ageal echocardiography,TEE）及肺动脉计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）血管造影,阳性组52例发 现卵圆孔未闭（patent foramen ovale,PFO）,1例发现房间隔缺损。阴性组对比阳性组,其年龄结构更 大（P＜0.05）,高血压病、高胆固醇血症、吸烟3项缺血性卒中相关危险因素更多见（P＜0.05）。阳性 组与阴性组无明显传统危险因素的病例比较,差异有显著性（P＜0.01）;两组梗死病灶血管分布影 像学比较,差异无显著性（P＞0.05）;阳性组梗死病灶好发于皮层/皮层下区域（P =0.004）,而阴性 组则好发于深部灰质区域（P =0.015）。 结论 c -TCD阳性的隐源性卒中发病年龄更低,传统脑血管病危险因素（高血压病、高胆固醇血症、 吸烟）更少,c-TCD阳性组梗死病灶相对c-TCD阴性组血管分布差异无显著性,但梗死病灶更好发于皮 层/皮层下区域。     

多模态磁共振成像评估急性缺血性卒中缺血半暗带的研究进展

急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke,AIS）的缺血半暗带（ischemic penumbra,IP）一直是 急性血管内介入治疗中影像评估关注的重点和热点问题。由于多模态MRI可以提供丰富的病理生理学 参数,在IP临床评估中具有良好前景。本文对各类MRI成像策略对于IP评估的特点与局限进行介绍,重 点介绍了新型技术酰胺质子转移成像（amide proton transfer,APT）。APT通过对脑缺血区域细胞内pH 值的精确判断,能够准确评估IP。虽然目前APT临床应用尚少,但随着其成像技术的不断改进,有望成 为辅助决策AIS患者治疗的重要影像学检查手段。     

Diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in the splenium after seizures

PURPOSE: Transient increased T2 signal in the splenium of the corpus callosum after seizures has been reported and sometimes attributed to a postulated toxicity of anticonvulsant medications (AEDs). METHODS: We describe two patients with bitemporal epilepsy. RESULTS: Transiently increased T2 signal (in one) and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (in both) in the splenium appeared to be related directly to acute seizures. CONCLUSIONS: These cases illustrate an unusual acute postictal imaging finding, highlight involvement of an important commissural pathway, and suggest that seizures per se, and not their treatment, are the cause of transient white-matter abnormalities in these cases.     

大脑中动脉狭窄患者急性脑梗死发病机制:一项弥散加权磁共振和微栓子监测研究

目的我们前瞻性研究了30例经颅多谱勒超声(TCD)和核磁血管成像(MRA)检查证实大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄,并在该供血区域出现急性缺血性卒中患者,以探讨MCA狭窄的可能机制。方法全部病人均进行微栓子监测以及弥散加权磁共振(DWI)检查。急性梗死分成单发和多发梗死,梗死部位分成皮层梗死(CI)、交界区梗死(BI)和深穿支动脉梗死(PAI)。微栓子信号(MES)和DWI梗死病灶分别由两位不同的医生在不知道对方资料的情况下确认。结果DWI结果发现急性多发脑梗死和单发梗死各15例(50%)。多发梗死病人中,成链状排列的BI最常见(11例,占73%)。单发梗死中只有PAI是最常见的类型(10例,占67%)。10例(33%)病人检测到MES,每30min内MES的中位数为15(3-102)个。MES在多发梗死中的发生频率(9/15,60.0%)明显高于单发梗死(1/15,6.7%)(P=0.002)。MES的数目能预测DWI上脑梗死的数目(线性回归,调整后R2=0.475,P<0.01)。结论MCA狭窄梗死最常见的原因有两个:①穿支动脉闭塞引起的皮层下小的腔隙性梗死;②由动脉-动脉的栓子不能被清除而造成的多发小梗死,尤其是在交界区更明显。     

青年与中老年患者颅内大动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中影像学特点比较研究

目的 基于DWI影像对比青年和中老年大动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)患者病变分布特征的差异.方法 回顾性分析伴有颅内大动脉粥样硬化性狭窄/闭塞的IS患者颅脑DWI上IS病变的影像学数据.基于DWI上梗死灶分布特征,将病变分为单发、单区域多发和多区域多发IS病变,同时评估累及前后循环的情...     

弥散加权成像高信号完全可逆的急性缺血性卒中病例临床及影像学特征分析

目的 分析急性缺血性卒中完全可逆性DWI高信号病例的临床与影像学特征。 方法 回顾性分析2012年1月-2015年12月的急性缺血性卒中完全可逆性DWI高信号病例9例,通过 基线与随访数据评估其临床与影像学特征。 结果 急性缺血性卒中完全可逆性DWI高信号病例基线NIHSS评分为1（1～2.5）分,基线DWI高信号 体积为0.94（0.28～2.39）mL,病变既见于皮层/皮层下,又见于深部白质,随访90 d的mRS评分为0 （0～1）分。 结论 急性缺血性卒中完全可逆性DWI高信号多见于轻型卒中,病灶梗死体积小,临床预后良好。     

儿童缺血性卒中的危险因素及临床特点分析

目的 回顾性分析儿童缺血性卒中的危险因素、临床特点、影像学特点及治疗现况。方法 对2002年1月至2011年6月在北京天坛医院儿科及神经内科就诊的81例缺血性卒中儿童的病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果 81例患者中,男60例,女21例。发病年龄7个月～18岁,平均年龄（6.99±5.60）岁,7个月～3岁（婴幼儿期）为发病高峰,为34例（41.9%）。病因中头部外伤（走路时摔倒或坠床）30例（37.04%）、感染13例（16.05%）、高同型半胱氨酸血症8例（9.88%）、血管炎6例（7.4%）、心脏病5例（6.17%）、动脉夹层5例（6.17%）、烟雾病4例（4.94%）、动脉瘤1例（1.23%）、神经纤维瘤病Ⅰ型1例（1.23%）,23例（28.4%）未找到明确病因。卒中发作时75例表现为肢体瘫痪（偏瘫69例、四肢瘫4例、交替瘫2例）,占92.6%;其次为中枢性面瘫46例（56.8%）;其他表现为感觉减退或麻木、头痛、癫痫等。神经影像学显示梗死部位位于基底节区60例（74.1%）、脑叶6例（7.4%）、小脑4例（5%）、多发病灶（基底节、脑叶及内囊）11例（13.5%）。结论 婴幼儿期是儿童缺血性卒中发病高峰。肢体瘫痪为最常见的临床表现。本研究头部外伤和感染是儿童卒中的主要病因。儿童卒中前循环受累较后循环多见,其中大脑中动脉供血区缺血梗死最常见。     

卒中健康管理师为主导的卒中管理模式对缺血性卒中预后及复发的影响研究

目的 探讨以患者需求为导向、卒中健康管理师为主导的卒中管理模式对轻中度缺血性卒中患者预后及卒中复发的影响.方法 连续纳入2019年1-6月诊治的轻中度缺血性卒中患者,随机分为对照组和试验组.对照组采用常规卒中管理模式,试验组采用以患者需求为导向、卒中健康管理师为主导的卒中管理模式.比较两组患者12个月随访时的血压、空腹...     

卒中缺血性半暗带功能磁共振成像评估的研究进展

急性缺血性卒中是导致急性脑组织损伤的重要原因,是中老年人致残、死亡的主要因素,可挽救缺血组织的早期发现是临床及时干预治疗的关键。随着功能磁共振成像技术的发展,临床可从水分子扩散、血流动力学、氧合水平、pH值、代谢及侧支循环等方面全方位评价脑组织的病理改变,为疾病进展及预后评估提供更全面的信息。本文综述急性缺血性卒中缺血性半暗带功能磁共振成像的研究进展,以期为卒中患者的评估和治疗计划提供影像学支撑与指导。     

非心源性缺血性卒中近期再发危险因素分析

目的 探讨首发非心源性缺血性卒中且二级预防药物依从性好的患者近期再发的相关危险因素。      

Clinical Features of Patients with a Myocardial Infarction During Acute Management of an Ischemic Stroke

Background and Aims  Ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) share some common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, brain injury has been associated with abnormalities of heart function such as increased cardiac enzymes and EKG changes. However, there is little information on patients with post-stroke MI. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of ischemic stroke patients who had a MI during the acute stroke period. Methods  One thousand three hundred fifty-seven patients with acute ischemic stroke were studied by retrospective review of the stroke registry and inpatient charts. Among these patients, 12 that developed a post-stroke MI, during acute stroke management, were included in this study. The stroke subtype, pattern of arterial stenosis, and lesional dominance were analyzed. Results  The overall frequency of a post-stroke MI during hospitalization was 0.9% (12 of 1,357 patients initially studied). Eight of the 12 patients included had a painless MI. Significant intracranial arterial stenosis was observed in 10 patients (83%). According to the TOAST classification, seven patients (58.3%) had large artery atherosclerosis, three patients were classified as undetermined etiology and two patients were divided into the lacunar and cardioembolic group. Acute ischemia of the insular region was noted in six patients. Five patients died from their cardiac complications during the hospital stay. Conclusion  Post-stroke MI can be a potential complication of acute ischemic stroke; these events have a high mortality. Routine EKG monitoring, during the acute stroke period, may improve patient outcome due to the possibility of a painless post-stroke MI.     

HR-MRI血管壁成像在缺血性卒中病因诊断中的应用价值研究

目的 研究高分辨磁共振（high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging,HR-MRI）血管壁成像在缺血性 卒中病因诊断中的价值。 方法 选择2015年1月-2017年5月于南京鼓楼医院就诊的缺血性卒中患者,头颅数字减影血管造影 （digital subtraction angiography,DSA）未能明确病因,而HR-MRI血管壁成像确诊的典型性病例8例进行 研究分析。 结果 8例缺血性卒中患者,计算机断层扫描血管造影（computed tomography angiography,CTA）/磁 共振血管造影（magnetic resonance angiography,MRA）及DSA均未明确病因,HR-MRI血管壁成像发现 2例颅内动脉夹层（cerebral artery dissection,CAD）,2例烟雾病（Moyamoya disease,MMD）,2例动脉 粥样硬化烟雾综合征（atherosclerotic Moyamoya syndrome,AS-MMS）及2例原发性中枢神经系统血管炎 （primary angiitis of central nervous system,PACNS）。 结论 HR-MRI血管壁成像在缺血性卒中病因诊断（如CAD、MMD与AS-MMS的鉴别、PACNS等）中具有重 要价值,是CTA/MRA及DSA诊断技术的重要补充。     

青年缺血性脑卒中改良TOAST分型危险性因素回归分析

目的探讨青年缺血性脑卒中改良TOAST分型危险性因素回归分析。方法将我院神经内科2015-01—2016-12收治的青年缺血性脑卒中患者84例为研究对象,采用改良TOAST分型明确各亚型,收集青年缺血性脑卒中患者的相关资料,采用logistic回归分析模式了解改良TOAST分型下各亚型的相关危险性因素。结果高Lp-PLA2[Exp(B)=4.116,95%CI:1.629-11.081(P0.001)]、ApoB[(Exp(B)=3.335,95%CI:1.289~9.607(P0.05)]、ApoA1[Exp(B)=3.383,95%CI:1.162~8.428(P0.001)]水平是青年脑梗死改良TOAST分型下AT的危险性因素;高ba-PWV[Exp(B)=4.100,95%CI:1.396~10.850]及心脏病[Exp(B)=5.371,95%CI:1.698~13.518]是青年脑梗死改良TOAST分型下CE的危险性因素,高Fpg[Exp(B)=4.039,95%CI:1.258~9.705]及高血压[Exp(B)=3.367,95%CI:1.182~8.501]是青年脑梗死改良TOAST分型下SAD的危险性因素(P0.05),未发现改良TOAST分型下的SOD、SUD的危险因子。结论 Lp-PLA2、ApoB、ApoA1、ba-PWV、心脏病Fpg及高血压可一定程度上协助青年缺血性脑卒中改良TOAST各亚型的辅助判断。     

颅内原发性淋巴瘤DWI及PWI表现

目的 探讨颅内原发性淋巴瘤扩散加权成像(DWI)和灌注加权成像(PWI)特点.方法 回顾性分析10例颅内原发性淋巴瘤的DWI表现和9例颅内原发性淋巴瘤的PWI特征,所有病例均经病理证实,并结合其病理特征与高级别(Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)星形细胞瘤作对照.结果 颅内原发性淋巴瘤DWI多呈均匀高信号,肿瘤实质ADC值为(79.73±10.21)×10-5mm2/s,明显低于高级别星形细胞瘤ADC值(99.81±19.57)×10-5mm2/s(P=0.002).9例行PWI检查,颅内原发性淋巴瘤肿瘤实质最大rCBV比值为1.71±0.59,而14例高级别星形细胞瘤肿瘤实质最大rCBV比值为5.17±1.73,与高级别旱形细胞瘤比较,颅内原发性淋巴瘤呈低灌注趋势(P=0.001).结论 颅内原发性淋巴瘤DWI、PWI具有一定的特征,术前行DWI、PWI有助于提高MRI对颅内原发性淋巴瘤的诊断水平.     

乳腺癌相关脑梗死的临床和影像学特征及危险因素分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌相关脑梗死的临床特点和危险因素.方法 本研究为回顾性病例对照分析,纳入2007年1月-2017年12月广西医科大学第一附属医院连续收治的30例乳腺癌相关脑梗死患者,按性别、年龄、肿瘤类型相匹配等原则分别选择30例单纯脑梗死和30例单纯乳腺癌患者作为对照.分析相比两对照组,乳腺癌相关脑梗死组的脑梗死临床及...     

Microstructural tissue damage in normal appearing brain tissue accumulates with Framingham Stroke Risk Profile Score: Magnetization transfer imaging results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study

Background and purpose

Magnetization transfer imaging detects cerebral microstructural tissue alterations. We examined the association between the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) score and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) measures in pathological and normal appearing brain tissue in clinically normal elderly subjects to determine if stroke risk leads to brain tissue destruction beyond what is visible in conventional MRI scans.

Methods

The study cohort is from the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study (ASPS). A total of 316 subjects underwent MTI and had a complete risk factor assessment sufficient to calculate the FSRP score. There were 205 women and 111 men with a mean age of 70.2 years ranging from 54 to 82 years. Subjects were grouped into four categories of stroke risk probability ranging from 3% to 88% for men and 1% to 84% for women.

Results

A higher FSRP score was significantly and independently associated with a MTR peak position shift indicating global microstructural alterations in brain tissue (BT) and in normal appearing brain tissue (NABT). The mean MTR in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) correlated inversely with increasing stroke risk. Age explained most of the variance in MTR peak position, all other risk factors of the FSRP score contributed significantly but explained an additional 2% of the variance of this MRI measure, only.

Conclusion

Increasing risk for stroke leads to microstructural brain changes invisible by standard MRI. The validity, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and the clinical importance of these abnormalities needs to be further determined.     

Differences in factors associated with silent and symptomatic MRI T2 hyperintensity lesions

The factors and symptomatology associated with different types of hyperintensity lesions on MRI were investigated. The study population consisted of 139 subjects who were recruited from 450 outpatients who had a neurological diagnosis in 1994. The subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging between 1994 and 1995 and were divided into three groups (control, asymptomatic, and symptomatic) on the basis of T₂ hyperintensity lesions, as well as a history of or neurological signs of stroke, or both. The demographic characteristics and risk factors were studied, and the T₂ hyperintensity lesions were analysed semi-quantitatively. Results showed that: (1) the control and asymptomatic groups did not differ in terms of risk factors and demographic characteristics with the exception of age; (2) the symptomatic group was characterized by a significantly higher incidence of hypertension and electrocardiographic abnormalities, as well as significantly more numerous risk factors when compared with the other two groups; (3) the symptomatic patients also had higher proportion of men and higher levels of systolic blood pressure and blood glucose than the control patients, and more frequent hypertriglyceridaemia and higher triglyceride level than the asymptomatic patients; (4) the symptomatic group had a greater lesion distribution in the posterior basal ganglia-internal capsule and the infratentorial regions than did the asymptomatic group. We concluded that the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups should not be considered identical entities. Received: 23 September 1996 Received in revised form: 11 February 1997 Accepted: 20 February 1997