New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry II. Vascular Lesions

Among 407 New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry (NEMC-PCR) patients, the extracranial (ECVA) and intracranial vertebral arteries (ICVA) were the commonest sites of severe occlusive disease followed by the basilar artery (BA). Severe occlusive lesions were found in >1 large artery in 148 patients; 134 had unilateral or bilateral severe disease at one arterial location. Single arterial site occlusive disease occurred most often in the ECVA (52 patients, 15 bilateral) followed by the ICVA (40 patients, 12 bilateral) and the BA (46 patients). Involvement of the ICVAs and the BA was very common and some patients also had ECVA lesions. Hypertension, smoking, and coronary and peripheral vascular disease were most prevalent in patients with extracranial disease while diabetes and hyperlipidemia were more common when occlusive lesions were only intracranial. Intra-arterial embolism was the most common mechanism of brain infarction in patients with ECVA and ICVA occlusive disease. ICVA occlusive lesions infrequently caused infarction limited to the proximal territory (medulla and posterior inferior cerebellum). BA lesions most often caused infarcts limited to the middle posterior circulation territory (pons and anterior inferior cerebellum). Posterior cerebral artery occlusive lesions were predominantly embolic. Penetrating artery disease caused mostly pontine and thalamic infarcts. Prognosis was poorest in patients with BA disease. The best prognosis surprisingly was in patients who had multiple arterial occlusive lesions; they often had position-sensitive transient ischemic attacks during months or years.     

脑分水岭梗死患者颅内/外脑动脉狭窄支架成形术的疗效观察

目的 探讨支架成形术治疗在颅内/外脑动脉狭窄所致脑分水岭梗死（CWI）中的应用效果。方法 对61例颅脑MRI或CT检查表现为CWI的患者伴有颅内/外动脉狭窄的患者行支架成形术治疗。男性38例，女性23例，平均年龄62±12岁。结果 CWI责任血管在颈总动脉3例；颈内动脉C1段24例，C2段3例，C5、C6段10例；大脑中动脉M1段21例；左侧病变37例，右侧病变24例。本组61例患者全部接受了支架成形术治疗，共涉及责任病变65处，手术成功率为98.4%。3例患者术中出现心动过缓，经对症治疗缓解。术后6～12个月随访无短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）及新发脑梗死。结论 本研究结果提示支架成形术对颅内外动脉狭窄所致的CWI是安全的，可有效地预防缺血性事件的发生。但尚需进行大样本、前瞻性、随机对照研究证实。     

Bilateral intracranial vertebral artery disease in the New England Medical Center, Posterior Circulation Registry.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of patients with bilateral intracranial vertebral artery (ICVA) disease were selective and retrospective. METHODS: We studied risk factors, vascular lesions, symptoms, signs, and outcomes in patients with bilateral ICVA disease among 430 patients in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. RESULTS: Forty-two patients had bilateral ICVA occlusive disease (18 had bilateral stenosis; 16, unilateral occlusion and contralateral stenosis; and 8, bilateral occlusion). The most common risk factors were hypertension (32/42 [76%]) and hyperlipidemia (22/42 [52%]). Sixteen patients (38%) had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) only; 18 (43%), TIAs before stroke. Occlusive vascular disease also involved the basilar artery in 29 patients (69%), the extracranial vertebral arteries in 18 (43%), and the internal carotid arteries in 11 (26%). Only 6 patients had no other major vascular lesion. Cerebellar symptoms were common. Among 30 patients with infarction, 21 (70%) had proximal intracranial territory involvement, and 15 (50%) had distal territory involvement. The location of occlusive lesions in relation to posterior inferior cerebellar artery origins did not significantly influence prognosis. During follow-up, 31 patients had no symptoms or slight disability, 2 had progression, and 7 died. Among 7 patients with poor outcome, 6 also had basilar artery stenosis or occlusion and 5 had proximal and distal intracranial territory infarcts. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with bilateral ICVA occlusive disease have hypertension, other major occlusive lesions, and TIAs before stroke. Short- and long-term outcomes are usually favorable, but patients with bilateral ICVA and basilar artery-occlusive lesions often have poor outcomes.     

支架成形术治疗后循环缺血86例疗效观察

目的 评价支架成形术治疗因大血管病变引起的后循环缺血的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾分析我科2003年3月以来开展的支架成形术治疗因大血管病变引起的后循环缺血患者的疗效及随访结果。86例患者进入研究,其中男性58例,女性28例,平均年龄61±5岁。结果 86例患者中2例为左椎动脉V3段夹层动脉瘤所致,1例为左椎动脉开口处夹层所致的狭窄,其余83例患者为动脉粥样硬化血管狭窄所致;2例手术失败,手术成功率97.7％。平均随访22.5±10.5个月。随访期间发生前循环脑梗死4例;后循环脑梗死3例,TIA2例,后循环缺血性卒中发生率为5.95%;脑出血2例。随访期间死亡3例,占3.57%。结论 支架成形术可有效治疗椎-基底动脉狭窄与夹层动脉瘤,预防缺血性脑血管疾病的发生。     

Midbrain infarction: associations and aetiologies in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry

Most reports of midbrain infarction have describedclinicoanatomical correlations rather than associations andaetiologies. Thirty nine patients with midbrain infarction (9.4%) aredescribed out of a series of 415 patients with vertebrobasilarischaemic lesions in the New England Medical Center PosteriorCirculation Registry. Patients were categorised according to therostral-caudal extent of infarction. The "proximal" vertebrobasilarterritory includes the medulla and posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. The "middle" territory includes the pons and anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. The "distal" territoryincludes the rostral midbrain, thalami, superior cerebellum, and medial temporal and occipital lobes. Midbrain infarction was accompanied by"proximal" territory infarcts in four patients, and by "middle" territory infarction in 19 patients. Thirteen patients had associated "distal" territory infarcts, three of whom had occipital ortemporal lobe infarcts. Only three patients had isolated midbraininfarcts. Cardioembolism (n=11), in situ thrombosis (n=9), large artery to artery embolism (n=7), and intrinsic branch penetrator disease (n=5)were the most common aetiologies. Bilateral infarction and accompanyingpontine infarction were associated with the most extensivevertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Midbrain infarction was 10-fold morelikely to be accompanied by ischaemia of neighbouring structures thanit was to occur in isolation. Recognition of the different patterns ofinfarction may act as a guide to the underlying aetiology and vascular lesions.

     

SWIM技术治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性观察

目的 观察SWIM技术治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2017年2月-2018年11月于大连市中心医院采用SWIM技术治疗的后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中患者的临床资料,评价该技术的疗效和安全性,并分析影响患者预后的因素。观察指标为术后即刻成功再通（mTICI≥2b）、90 d良好预后（mRS评分≤2分）,以及术后24 h任何颅内出血、90 d全因死亡。结果 共纳入35例患者,平均年龄66.1±12.1岁,男性26例（74.3%）,基线NIHSS评分22（15～34）分。术后即刻成功再通率为94.3%（33/35）,90 d良好预后率为45.7%（16/35）,24 h颅内出血率为17.1%（6/35）,90 d全因死亡率为37.1%（13/35）。单因素分析显示,基线NIHSS评分较低（P =0.001）、基线后循环ASPECTS评分较高（P =0.016）、发病至到院时间较短（P =0.039）、发病至再通时间较短（P =0.047）、血管成功再通率较高（P =0.036）以及饮酒比例较低（P =0.042）与良好预后相关。结论 使用SWIM技术治疗后循环急性缺血性卒中相对安全、有效。     

Thrombolysis in Anterior Versus Posterior Circulation Strokes: Timing of Recanalization,Ischemic Tolerance,and Other Differences

Previous studies have suggested a greater ischemic tolerance in posterior circulation as compared to anterior cerebral circulation. We aimed to investigate whether a differential response exists between anterior and posterior circulation strokes. Two hundred and four middle cerebral artery (MCA) patients and 28 basilar artery occlusion (BAO) patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were included. Transcranial Doppler assessed recanalization at different time points. Patients were divided in three groups: total time of ischemia (TTI) <6, 6‐24, or >24 hours. We calculated the percentage of recovery (admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]– discharge NIHSS/admission NIHSS) × 100. Mean time to treatment was longer in BAO patients (P= .031). Early recanalization was more frequent among MCA occlusions (41% vs 29%; P= .039); the rate of persisting occlusion at 24 hours was similar (P= .933). Clinical recovery according to TTI was similar in each group: <6 hours: BAO 84%/MCA 69%; 6‐24 hours: BAO 63%/MCA 61%; >24 hours: BAO −44%/MCA 11% (P= .23). For each hour of ischemia MCA patients worsened 1.78% (P= .035) and BAO 1.76% (P= .421). MCA occlusions compared to BAO were independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation (OR: 8.2; P= .043). Our data do not support the theory of increased ischemic tolerance in posterior circulation. Despite longer time‐to‐treatment, BAO were more resistant to hemorrhagic transformations.     

蛛网膜下腔出血继发症状性癫痫的发生率、危险因素及院内结局：来自中国卒中联盟登记数据库的分析

目的调查蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)患者继发症状性癫痫的发生率、相关危险因素及其与院内结局的关系。方法本研究数据来源于中国卒中联盟(China Stoke Center Alliance,CSCA)登记数据库2015年8月1日-2019年7月31日入组的SAH患者。症状性癫痫限定为住院期间发作。依据是否出现继发症状性癫痫,将研究对象分为SAH继发癫痫组和无继发癫痫组,比较组间的人口学特征、入院GCS评分、血管危险因素、手术以及医院级别和地区的差异。采用多因素Logistic回归,分析SAH继发癫痫的危险因素,以及SAH继发癫痫与院内死亡、缺血性卒中、脑出血及肺炎的相关性。结果本研究纳入11 210例SAH患者,女性6623例(59.1%),平均年龄60.0±12.9岁,入院GCS评分的中位数为15分。总计228例(2.0%)继发症状性癫痫。年龄(OR 0.92,95%CI 0.87～0.97)、既往卒中/TIA(OR 1.61,95%CI 1.20～2.17)、颈动脉狭窄(OR 3.17,95%CI 1.27～10.85)、心房颤动(OR 2.64,95%CI 1.12～6.24)、脂代谢紊乱(OR 1.79,95%CI 1.03～3.13)和脑室外分流术(OR 2.30,95%CI 1.31～4.02)是SAH继发症状性癫痫的独立影响因素。SAH继发症状性癫痫可能与更高的院内死亡(OR 1.71,95%CI 0.96～3.05)、缺血性卒中(OR 4.21,95%CI 2.70～6.56)、脑出血(OR 3.87,95%CI 2.81～5.33)及肺炎(OR 2.96,95%CI 2.26～3.86)事件风险相关。结论症状性癫痫是SAH患者较为常见的神经系统并发症,低龄、既往卒中/TIA、颈动脉狭窄、心房颤动、脂代谢紊乱以及脑室外分流术是SAH继发症状性癫痫的独立危险因素。SAH继发症状性癫痫增加院内死亡、缺血性卒中、脑出血以及肺炎的风险。