5—单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片的生物利用度研究

对５－单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片（ＳＲ）和普通片（ＩＲ）进行人体生物利用度比较，１０名健康男性志愿者随机交叉口服单剂量两种剂型后，利用气相色谱测得血药浓度。ＳＲ和ＩＲ的ＡＵＣ分别为３４３７．２±５６８．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ·ｈ和３８１０．８±８２２．７ｎｇ／ｍｌ·ｈ，ＭＲＴ分别为１５．７±１．０ｈ和９．４±１．５ｈ。ＳＲ的相对生物利用度为（９１．４±９．８）％。１０名受试者多剂量服用５－单硝酸异山梨酯ＳＲ和ＩＲ后，稳态时Ｃｍｉｎ分别为１６６．５±４７．９ｎｇ／ｍｌ和２３２．０±５５．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，Ｃｍａｘ分别为６５０．１±１１８．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ和６２５．８±１２６．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，两种制剂血药浓度的波动系数ＦＩ分别为１．１８±０．１８和０．９２±０．１６。经配对ｔ检验，两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

肾细胞癌γ-谷氨酰转移酶糖链的凝集素分析

目的探讨肾细胞癌标记物。方法用荧光分光光度法测定了正常肾皮质及肾细胞癌组织中γ－谷氨酰转移酶（γ－ＧＴ）的活力，并用凝集素亲和层析法测定了γ－ＧＴ的糖链与ＣｏｎＡ吸附百分比以研究肾细胞癌γ－ＧＴ中糖链的结构变化。结果肾细胞癌组织中的γ－ＧＴ均较正常肾皮质γ－ＧＴ活力明显降低。组织γ－ＧＴ糖链ＣｏｎＡ分析，肾癌组与正常肾皮质组相比，不吸附组分由（６８．２±１０．６）％降低至（３９．３±１０．８）％，而弱吸附和强吸附组分均显著升高，其中弱吸附部分由（２２．１±９．３）％增加至（４０．８±７．９）％，强吸附部分由（９．７±５．４）％增加至（１９．９±８．５）％；尿液γ－ＧＴＣｏｎＡ分析，与对照组相比，肾癌组不吸附组分由（６６．９±８．０）％降低至（５７．８±１１．２）％，差别有显著意义，弱结合组分别为（２７．８±８．３）％和（２４．１±８．７）％，两者无明显差别；强结合组由（９．０±５．８）％增加至（１４．４±８．９）％，差别有显著意义。结论肾细胞癌组织中γ－ＧＴ活力明显降低，肾癌组织及尿液γ－ＧＴ的糖链结构也发生明显的变化，尿液γ－ＧＴＣｏｎＡ层析可用于肾癌的诊断。     

α1受体激动对浦肯野纤维延迟后除极的双相效应

用乙酰毒毛旋花子甙元（ＡＳ）２×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ中毒诱发绵羊心室浦肯野纤维产生延迟后除极（ＤＡＤ）作为模型，在心得安５×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ作用下观察苯肾上腺素（ＰＥ）１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ等不同浓度对ＤＡＤ幅值的影响。６０ｍｉｎ持续灌流中，前２０ｍｉｎＤＡＤ幅值分别增加８％、９％和１０％（每一浓度ｎ＝８，Ｐ＜０．０５）；随后４０ｍｉｎ内，ＤＡＤ幅值呈剂量依赖性减小，ＰＥ１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ减值６．９±０．２％（ｎ＝８，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＰＥ３×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ减值１３．９±０．１％（ｎ＝８，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰＥ１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ减值１８．６±０．２％（ｎ＝８，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＰＥ的作用可被哌唑嗪５×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ所阻断，提示ＰＥ作用经α１受体兴奋引起。     

1,6—二磷酸果糖抗失血性休克实验研究

本实验观察了ＦＤＰ抗失血性休克作用。３组失血性休克大鼠分别接受５％ＦＤＰ溶液（Ａ组）、５％葡萄糖溶液（Ｂ组）和生理盐水（Ｃ组）静注。给药６０ｍｉｎ后，Ａ组ＭＡＰ为１０．４±２．１ｋＰａ，与Ｂ、Ｃ组７．９±２．４和７．７±２．６ｋＰａ间均有差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ａ组动物存活率７５％，而Ｂ、Ｃ组分别为２５％和１５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ａ组动脉血ｐＨ和ＰａＯ２分别为７．２４±０．１４和１３．４６±１．２２ｋＰａ，与Ｂ、Ｃ组７．１４±０．１４和１０．２９±３．８４ｋＰａ与７．０２±０．１０和７．２５±２．１２ｋＰａ间有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ａ组回输血液再灌流后血浆ＳＯＤ和ＭＤＡ分别为１２００±１２６Ｕｍｌ－１和０．４７±０．２５ｎｍｏｌｍｌ－１，同Ｂ、Ｃ组１０８１±１１９Ｕｍｌ－１和０．９１±０．２９ｎｍｏｌ－１与８３５±９Ｕｍｌ－１和１．１３±０．１６ｎｍｏｌ－１间均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明ＦＤＰ保护组织损伤而产生抗休克作用。     

B超在检测慢性胆囊炎及胆石症患者胆囊运动功能中的价值

应用实时超声检测３８例慢性胆囊炎及１４例胆囊结石症患者液体脂餐后的胆囊排空功能，并与１８例正常人相比较，结果显示：慢性胆囊炎组、胆囊结石症组及对照组空腹胆囊容积分别为（２３．８±５．４）ｍｌ，（２５．４±７．３）ｍｌ及（２０．２±５．７）ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；剩余容积分别为（１０．８±３．９）ｍｌ、（１１．９±５．５）ｍｌ及（６．５±３．１）ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；最大排空率分别为（５１．３±１７．８）％、（５４．５±１３）％及（６５．１±１２．７）％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。该文结果表明慢性胆囊炎及胆囊结石症患者存在胆囊排空功能障碍。实时超声检查因其操作简单且无创伤性，可广泛用于临床测定胆囊运动功能     

肌酸激酶同功酶MB与肌酸激酶总酶的比值对急性心肌梗死的诊断价值

目的研究血清肌酸激酶同功酶ＭＢ（ＣＫ－ＭＢ）与肌酸激酶总酶（ＣＫ）的比值对急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）的诊断价值。方法比较非心脏病组（血清ＣＫ＞４００ｕ／Ｌ和（或）ＣＫ－ＭＢ＞５０ｕ／Ｌ）７５例和ＡＭＩ组４２例患者ＣＫ－ＭＢ／ＣＫ＞５％病例的阳性率,评价ＣＫ－ＭＢ／ＣＫ＞５％对ＡＭＩ的诊断价值。结果ＡＭＩ组ＣＫ－ＭＢ／ＣＫ＞５％的阳性率为７８．６％,显著高于非心脏病组的２２．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＫ－ＭＢ／ＣＫ＞５％对ＡＭＩ诊断的准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为７７．８％,６６．０％和８６．６％。恶性肿瘤患者ＣＫ－ＭＢ／ＣＫ（４１．９±２９．６）显著高于ＡＭＩ患者（８．９±７．４）,Ｐ＜０．０１。结论ＣＫ－ＭＢ／ＣＫ＞５％指标对ＡＭＩ的诊断价值较有限,但若能排除致ＣＫ－ＭＢ假性升高的病例,则可使诊断价值明显提高。     

生育及不育男性精子形态和生精细胞分析

对３７例生育男性、６７例不育男性精液，采用巴氏染色法，按ＷＨＯ标准进行精子形态学和生精细胞分析。结果正常形态、小头和锥形头精子的百分率生育组分别为７１．５１％±１４．８５％、４．５７％±２．３１％和７．１２％±３．４９％，不育组分别为５２．２７％±２１．１３％、１０．６１％±７．２９％和１７．９０％±９．１２％。生精细胞数／１００条精子、精原细胞百分率、次级精母细胞百分率及精子细胞百分率生育组分别为２．６±２．１、２．３％±１．３％、８．９％±５．６％及８２．０％±１２．２％，不育组分别为７．０±４．４、６．２％±３．９％、１５．２％±７．１％及６８．７％±１６．１％。以上各指标两组间均有显著性差异。提示精子形态和生精细胞分析对评估男性生育力及不育病因分析具有一定价值。     

食管鳞癌发生过程中CD44v4/5的表达

用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法检测４２例食管鳞癌切除标本癌旁粘膜中ＣＤ４４ｖ４／５的表达。结果发现：癌旁正常上皮、单纯增生上皮、轻度不典型增生上皮、重度不典型增生上皮和原位癌中的阳性表达率分别为１１．１１％（２／１８）、１７．３９％（４／２３）、５６．２５％（９／１６）、５７．１４％（８／１４）和６９．２３％（９／１３），正常上皮、单纯增生上皮和轻、重度不典型增生上皮及原位癌之间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：ＣＤ４４ｖ４／５表达与食管鳞癌的发生发展有关。     

运动对缺血性心脏病QT离散度的影响

目的观察运动对缺血性心脏病ＱＴ离散度的影响。方法记录标准１２导联ＥＣＧ，分析平板运动试验前后未校正ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）和心率校正ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）。结果运动试验阴性组（ｎ＝２２）运动试验前后ＱＴ离散度无显著性差异（ＱＴｄ：２７．５±９．８ｍｓ对２９．１±７．５ｍｓ，Ｐ＞０．０５；ＱＴｃｄ：３２．７±９．４ｍｓ对３７．９±１０．８ｍｓ，Ｐ＞０．０５），而运动试验阳性组（ｎ＝２１）运动试验前后ＱＴ离散度存在显著性差异（ＱＴｄ：３０．９±１０．４ｍｓ对４３．５±１０．９ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．００５；ＱＴｃｄ：３４．７±１２．２ｍｓ对５９．９±１５．０ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论运动诱发的ＱＴ离散度增加可以作为心肌缺血的心电标志     

促凋亡基因bax在上皮性卵巢肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的：探讨促细胞凋亡基因ｂａｘ在上皮性卵巢肿瘤中的表达及意义。方法：采用ＳＡＢＣ免疫组化方法观察了７１例上皮性卵巢肿瘤标本中的Ｂａｘ的表达。结果：Ｂａｘ在恶性，交界性及良性卵巢肿瘤中的阳性率分别为４０．５％，６２．５％和３８．９％，三者无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），早期及晚期卵巢癌的阳性率分别为５０．０％和３７．９％，二者无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），在Ｉ～Ⅲ病理分级中的阳性率分别为６６．７％，４０．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.