出生早期体重增长速率对早产儿矫正12月龄时神经发育的影响

目的 研究早产儿出生早期的体重增长速率对矫正12月龄时神经发育的影响.方法 收集2015年7月1日至2019年12月31日期间在广州医科大学附属第三医院新生儿科出院,且在该院高危儿门诊随访的早产儿的相关资料,根据其出生至矫正胎龄40周时的体重增长速率分为低速率组[<10 g/(kg·d);21例]和高速率组[≥10 g...     

住院早产儿校正年龄1岁时体格和神经心理发育情况及影响因素分析

目的 分析住院早产儿校正年龄1岁时体格和神经心理发育情况及追赶生长的影响因素.方法 选择2017年1月1日至2019年6月30日于北京市朝阳区妇幼保健院出生的450例住院早产儿及200例健康足月儿为研究对象,比较两组幼儿1岁时体格和神经心理发育情况.将早产儿按照发育情况分为体质量追赶生长满意组(360例)和不满意组(9...     

181例早产儿神经行为发育的回顾性研究

目的 通过收集早产儿随访的Gesell 发育量表评价结果,分析早产儿神经行为发育预后及可能的高危因素。方法 收集181 例早产儿及其母亲的资料,以及纠正年龄（CA）2 个月至1 岁时Gesell 发育量表测定的发育商（DQ）进行统计分析。结果 （1）出生体重（BW）PPPP结论 BW<1 500 g、GA<32 周早产儿是发生适应性、大运动、精细运动和个人社交等行为问题异常的高危人群,需密切随访;严重的新生儿期多种并发症可能与长期不良神经系统预后相关联,需积极预防处理。     

不同胎龄早产儿1岁时体格和神经发育差异分析

目的探讨不同胎龄早产儿1岁时体格发育和神经发育的差异。方法随访年龄达到1岁的早产儿,分为早期早产儿(EPI)组(胎龄<34周)和晚期早产儿(LPI)组(34周≤胎龄<37周),比较两组体重和身长发育的差异、体重和身长增长迟缓发生率,以及运动发育指数(PDI)、智力发育指数(MDI)和精神运动发育的差异。结果 EPI组68例,LPI组106例。1岁时两组体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),EPI组身长低于LPI组[(74.1±2.2)cm比(75.9±2.9)cm,P<0.05)],身长增长迟缓发生率高于LPI组(26.5%比7.4%,P<0.05)。校正年龄6个月和1岁时两组MDI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),EPI组PDI低于LPI组[(77.7±9.4)分比(86.6±11.4)分,(81.0±12.1)分比(88.2±11.5)分,P均<0.05)]。脑性瘫痪EPI组2例,LPI组3例。结论 1岁时EPI身长和运动发育较LPI明显延迟,应重视不同胎龄早产儿的出院后干预。     

晚期早产儿和早期足月儿1岁时神经心理发育水平的随访研究

目的 探讨晚期早产儿和早期足月儿1岁时的神经心理发育水平。方法 选择矫正年龄为1岁的1 257名儿童为研究对象。根据其出生时胎龄分为4组：早期早产儿（胎龄28~33⁺⁶周）、晚期早产儿（胎龄34~36⁺⁶周）、早期足月儿（胎龄37~38⁺⁶周）及完全足月儿（胎龄39~41⁺⁶周）。采用Gesell发展量表评估其神经心理发育水平,比较各组儿童在1岁时神经心理发育状况。结果 4组儿童1岁时5大能区（适应性、大运动、精细动作、语言、个人社交）发育商的差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,且均表现为完全足月儿 > 早期足月儿 > 晚期早产儿 > 早期早产儿的趋势（P < 0.05）;各能区发育迟缓率也均表现为完全足月儿最低,早期早产儿最高（P < 0.05）。与完全足月儿相比,早期足月儿适应能力发育落后的风险增加（OR=1.796,P < 0.05）;晚期早产儿适应能力和精细动作发育落后的风险较高,OR值分别为2.651、2.679（P < 0.05）;早期早产儿适应能力、精细动作和个人社交能力发育落后的风险较高,OR值分别为4.069、3.710、3.515（P < 0.05）。结论 儿童1岁时神经心理发育落后的风险随出生胎龄的增加而降低,呈现剂量反应效应。早期足月儿和晚期早产儿仍然存在不同程度的发育落后,应重视早期足月儿和晚期早产儿的保健随访。     

营养与早产儿神经发育结局

随着围产医学和新生儿医学发展,极低和超低出生体质量(VLBW/ELBW)早产儿存活率普遍提高,但这些早产儿可进一步发生神经系统发育不良。除与神经系统发育有关的疾病如脑损伤外,在大脑迅速生长和发育的时期,营养同样是影响神经系统发育及不良预后的重要因素。VLBW/ELBW早产儿发生生长发育迟缓的风险增高,主要与出生后营养摄入不足有关。目前的证据显示,VLBW/ELBW早产儿出生后生长发育迟缓与神经系统发育损害有关。此外某些特殊营养素,如长链多不饱和脂肪酸与早产儿神经发育有相关关系。     

早期应用rhu-EPO对早产儿神经行为发育的影响

目的：评价重组人类基因促红细胞生成素(rhu-EPO)对早产儿神经行为发育的影响。方法：对44例早产儿（男30例,女14例）随机分为对照组、rhu-EPO治疗组,每组各22例,治疗组于生后第7天予rhu-EPO治疗4周,所有早产儿于纠正胎龄40周行新生儿行为神经检测(NBNA),生后6,12月用Gesell量表法进行神经发育评价。结果：①治疗组NBNA评分36.20±0.75分,高于对照组的34.40±1.05分(P<0.05);②治疗组Gesell发育量表在生后6月,治疗组精细动作的发育商高于对照组,在生后12月治疗组有3个能区（即大运动、精细动作和语言能区）的发育商高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：早期应用rhu-EPO可促进早产儿神经行为的发育。     

双胎早产儿神经精神发育水平随访研究

目的 探讨双胎早产儿神经精神发育情况,并分析其危险因素.方法 将2010年6月至2012年6月在昆明医科大学第一附属医院新生儿病房住院的早产几分为2组:双胎早产儿为研究组,单胎早产儿为对照组.对其中88例早产儿在纠正胎龄1岁时行神经精神发育随访,由儿童保健科专人采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表进行测试,其中研究组根据量表正常测试结果分为神经精神发育异常组[智力发展指数(MDI)≤79分]和神经精神发育正常组(MDI ＞79分),并对2组资料进行统计学分析.结果 研究组MDI得分频数分布呈偏态分布,其中59％(27/46例)为神经精神发育异常(MDI≤79分);对照组MDI得分频数分布呈近似正态分布,其中仅12％(5/42例)为神经精神发育异常.1岁时双胎早产儿头围、身长、体质量、MDI、精神运动发展指数(PDI)均低于单胎早产儿,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).单因素分析中双胎早产儿神经精神发育异常的高危因素有胎龄、出生体质量、母亲育龄、父母亲文化程度、喂养方式、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿低血糖症、新生儿脓毒症、感染.多因素Logistic回归分析显示新生儿高胆红素血症是双胎早产儿神经精神发育异常的独立危险因素.结论 同胎龄双胎早产儿的神经精神发育落后于单胎早产儿.新生儿高胆红素血症有可能是导致双胎早产儿神经精神发育异常的高危因素,早期积极处理新生儿高胆红素血症有利于促进双胎早产儿的神经精神发育.     

Peabody运动发育量表在早产儿神经发育障碍评估中的应用

随着围生医学的日益发展,早产儿存活率明显提升,其早期严重并发症多有效控制,但部分存活早产儿遗留脑性瘫痪、运动发育迟缓、视听觉损害等神经发育障碍,严重影响了其生存质量.作为新生儿体格检查的一部分,Peabody运动发育量表在了解新生儿的早期智能发育情况、行为能力以及神经发育情况方面发挥越来越重要的作用.本文就Peabody运动发育量表在早产儿神经发育障碍评估中的应用进行综述.     

极早产儿神经发育远期结局的研究进展

随着极早产儿存活率的提高,其伴随的神经发育远期结局日益受到关注。极早产儿易出现运动障碍及心理行为问题,主要包括脑性瘫痪、发育性协调障碍、孤独症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、特定学习障碍、智力发育障碍等。改善极早产儿的远期预后至关重要,早期采取综合干预措施可最大程度地减轻伤残并达到优育效果。该文就极早产儿神经发育远期结局的研究进展作一综述。[中国当代儿科杂志,2023,25(10):1066-1071]     

The effect of socioeconomic status on the language outcome of preterm infants at toddler age

Background

Independently, both prematurity and low socioeconomic status (SES) compromise language outcome but less is known regarding the effects of low SES on outcome of prior preterm infants at toddler age.

Aim

To assess SES effects on the language outcome of prior preterm infants at toddler age.

Study design

Retrospective chart review of infants born at ≤ 32 weeks, matched for gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), chronic lung disease (CLD), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), right and left intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH-R, L), and age at Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) testing.

Subjects

Using insurance status as a proxy for SES, 65 children with private insurance (P-Ins) were matched with 65 children with Medicaid-type insurance (M-Ins).

Outcome measures

Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III Language Composite.

Results

M-Ins vs. P-Ins were similar in GA, BW, and age at BSID-III testing (mean 22.6 months adjusted), as well as other matched characteristics (all p ≥ 0.16). BSID-III Language Composite scores were lower in M-Ins than P-Ins (87.9 ± 11.3 vs. 101.9 ± 13.6) with a clinically significant effect size of 0.93 (p < 0.001). Overall, 45% of M-Ins exhibited mild to moderate language delay compared to 8% of P-Ins. Receptive and Expressive subscale scores also were lower in M-Ins than in P-Ins (both p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In this preterm cohort, by toddler age, M-Ins was associated with lower scores on measures of overall language as well as receptive and expressive language skills. Our findings, showing such an early influence of SES on language outcome in a cohort matched for biomedical risk, suggest that very early language interventions may be especially important for low SES preterm toddlers.     

Neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year in Zimbabwean neonates with extreme hyperbilirubinaemia

The study concentrates on estimating the magnitude of the effect of a single risk factor, maximum total serum bilirubin (TSB) in excess of 400 μmol/l (23.4 mg/dl), on the neurodevelopmental outcome of 50, singleton, Zimbabwean neonates at 1 year of age. At 1 year corrected age the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) was administered. Two infants died and five were lost to follow up. TSB was neither associated with birth weight nor with gestational age. Of 43 infants with a TSB >400 μmol/l (23.4 mg/dl),11(26%) scored abnormal on the BSID at 1 year of age and 5 (12%) infants developed the choreo-athetoid type of cerebral palsy. Conclusion Infants with bilirubin levels between 400 and 500 μmol/l (23.4 and 29.2 mg/dl) who scored abnormal or suspect on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were preterm or had haemolytic disease. All term infants without haemolysis and with bilirubin levels between 400 and 500 μmol/l (23.4 mg/dl–29.2 mg/dl) were normal at 1 year of age. Received: 19 February 1998 / Accepted: 22 June 1998     

Short-term developmental outcome of iron prophylaxis in infants

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on the cognitive effects of iron treatment have focused on anemic or non-anemic iron-deficient infants. The effect of iron supplementation on cognitive development among iron-sufficient infants has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of iron supplementation on performance in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) and anthropometric measurement in 6-month-old iron-sufficient healthy infants. METHODS: Healthy, iron-sufficient infants who were 6 months of age and were attending the Well Baby Clinic were considered for enrollment. Infants were randomly assigned to take ferrous sulfate supplementation (1 mg/kg per day) or no supplementation and were followed for 3 months. Anthropometric measurement, hematologic status and BSID were evaluated on admission and after 3 months. RESULTS: Seven infants in the intervention group and nine in the control group completed the study. No significant differences were observed in anthropometric measurements and complete blood counts between the two groups after the 3 month study period. The mean transferrin saturation (TS) level decreased significantly in the control group during the study period (from 15.3+/-2.6 to 7.8+/-5.1%; P = 0.0117), but no such reduction was seen in the intervention group. At the end of the study, the TS of the control group was found to be significantly lower than that of the intervention group (7.8+/-5.1 vs. 19.9+/-7.9%, respectively; P = 0.0033). The BSID scores of infants in both groups were within the normal range on admission and at the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term iron supplementation did not change developmental test scores despite the hematologic response in iron-sufficient healthy infants. The high prevelance of iron-deficiency anemia and its relationship with adverse developmental outcome suggests that prevention of iron-deficiency anemia with prophylaxis needs to be emphasized, rather than treatment.     

NICU出院早产儿1岁时神经发育预后及干预依从性对其的影响

目的：了解NICU抢救存活早产儿在1岁时的神经发育状况及其影响因素,重点讨论干预依从性对其预后的影响。方法：患儿出院后予以早期干预指导和随访,1岁时进行智能发育测试（CDCC）评估,了解神经发育概况。按照智力发育指数（MDI）和精神运动发育指数（PDI）将患儿分为神经行为发育异常组（MDI或PDI任何一项＜70）、临界组（MDI或PDI任何一项为70~85之间）和正常组（MDI或PDI均＞85）。列举可能对神经行为发育产生影响的社会家庭因素和临床相关因素,利用单因素方差分析和卡方检验的方法进行筛选,对于可能的高危因素进行logistic回归分析,了解各因素相对危险度。根据家长对患儿进行干预的具体情况将其分为依从性良好（每周进行家庭干预≥4 d,每天干预时间合计超过30 min,并在1年内能够随访≥5次）和依从性差二组,进一步分析干预依从性对其神经发育预后的影响。结果：210例患儿CDCC评分正常、临界和异常者分别为123例（58.6％）、61例（29.0％）和26例（12.4％）,共有精神发育落后儿18例（8.6％）和脑瘫儿9例（4.3％）。干预依从性良好者（111例）的MDI及PDI得分,分别为97.15±17.38,94.23±18.55均明显高于干预依从性差者的89.87±18.92,87.20±19.12;干预依从性好组脑瘫的发生率（3/111,2.7％）也低于干预依从性差者（5/99,6.1％）。另外,父母亲文化水平、多胎、颅内出血、呼吸暂停等也是影响早产儿神经发育预后的危险因素。结论：早产儿是神经发育伤残的髙危人群,尤其是NICU抢救成活的危重新生儿。早期干预可以改善高危早产儿的神经发育预后。［中国当代儿科杂志,2007,9（3）：193-197］     

全身运动质量评估对窒息新生儿24月龄时不良结局的预测价值

目的探讨全身运动(GMs)质量评估预测足月窒息新生儿24月龄时不良结局的价值。方法 2009~2012年入住NICU、且出院后获得随访的114例足月窒息患儿为研究对象。生后3个月内进行GMs质量评估。出院后随访至24月龄时采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表(BSID)测试发育商。结果 GMs评估结果:扭动运动阶段为单调性全身运动的有20例(17.5%),为痉挛性同步运动的有7例(6.1%);不安运动阶段评估为不安运动缺乏的有8例(7.0%)。24月龄时发育商评估结果:有不良发育学结局共7例(6.1%),其中脑瘫伴智力发育迟滞6例,智力发育迟滞1例。GMs评估示扭动运动阶段单调性全身运动与24月龄时患儿发育结局的一致性差(Kappa=-0.019,P0.05)。痉挛性同步运动与24月龄时患儿发育结局的一致性较高(Kappa=0.848,P0.05),其对24月龄发育结局的预测效度为98.2%,敏感度为85.7%,特异度为99.1%,阳性预测值为85.7%,阴性预测值为99.1%。不安运动阶段不安运动缺乏与24月龄时患儿发育结局的一致性较高(Kappa=0.786,P0.05),其对24月龄发育结局的预测效度为97.4%,敏感度为85.7%,特异度为98.1%,阳性预测值为75.0%,阴性预测值为99.1%。结论 GMs评估示痉挛性同步运动和不安运动缺乏对窒息新生儿24月龄时的不良发育结局有较好的预测价值。     

Neurodevelopmental outcome at 12 and 18 months in late preterm infants

BackgroundLate-preterms represent the 70% of the whole preterm population and are reported to be at higher risk for mortality and morbidity than term infants.AimsTo assess neurodevelopmental outcome in low-risk late-preterm infants at 12 and 18 months corrected age, to compare results of corrected and uncorrected age to those of term-born infants, to analyse the possible influence of gender on outcome.MethodsSixty-one healthy infants born between 33 and 36 weeks gestational age without major brain lesions were assessed at 12 and 18 months corrected age using the Bayley II scale. A control group of 60 low-risk term born infants underwent the same assessment.ResultsAt 12 and 18 months corrected age late preterms showed a mean mental developmental index (MDI) similar to term infants. Comparing the results of the uncorrected age with term infants, the scores were significantly lower at both 12 and 18 months. No gender differences were observed in term-born infants, while male late-preterm infants showed lower MDI than peer females at both ages.ConclusionsWhen correcting age for prematurity late-preterms have similar MDI scores to those obtained in term-born infants at 12 and 18 months. In contrast, when using chronological age there is a number of infants with low MDI. As cognitive abnormalities are reported at school age in late preterm infants, our findings raise the question on whether the results obtained using scores uncorrected for age may early identify the infants who will show cognitive difficulties at school age.     

无明显脑损伤早产儿早期口腔吸吮模式与6月龄时神经发育结局相关性研究

目的 对无明显脑损伤早产儿早期口腔吸吮模式与6月龄时神经发育结局行相关性分析,为早产儿早期神经干预提供依据。方法 纳入2013年10月至2015年4月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院的、无明显脑损伤的、胎龄>28周的早产儿。以新生儿口腔运动评估量表（NOMAS）作为诊断工具用于早产儿吸吮问题的评估。通过直接或间接（录像）方法观察早产儿的进食行为,根据吸吮过程中舌、颊的运动和节律等28个条目的评估,分为吸吮模式正常、紊乱和障碍。在矫正年龄6月龄时完成贝利婴幼儿发展量表（BSID）的测试,于BSID测试当日行体格测量。结果 128例无明显脑损伤早产儿进入本文分析,BSID随访时平均矫正年龄（6.2±0.5）个月。口腔运动正常和异常组分别为73例和55例,两组基线情况差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。口腔运动正常组智力发展指数（MDI）和精神运动发育指数（PDI）均高于口腔运动异常组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。NOMAS条目吸吮-吞咽-呼吸不协调与婴儿早期的不利神经发育结局显著相关（RR=3.53,95%CI:1.48～8.42）。结论 无明显脑损伤早产儿的早期正常口腔吸吮模式与6月龄时神经发育结局有明显相关性,但异常吸吮模式对神经发育延迟的预测意义有待进一步随访研究,吸吮-吞咽-呼吸不协调可能预示不利的神经发育结局。     

早产儿振幅整合脑电图的应用

振幅整合脑电图是脑电图技术的一种简化形式,近年来已被证实可以辅助诊断足月儿缺血缺氧性脑病、预测窒息后足月儿神经发育结局,但对于早产儿应用较少.早产儿振幅整合脑电图与脑发育成熟程度相关,易受临床干预措施等多种因素影响,目前诸多研究者认为早产儿振幅整合脑电图同样有助于早产儿脑损伤诊断及神经发育结局预测.该文从早产儿振幅整合脑电图与脑发育的关系、影响因素,对脑损伤诊断价值及神经发育结局预测能力角度进行综述.     

早产儿校正18~24月龄体格生长和神经发育水平研究

目的 应用动脉自旋标记（arterial spin labeling,ASL）成像技术测量的脑血流值（cerebral blood flow,CBF）评价支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD）早产儿局部大脑皮质血流灌注量。 方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选择2021年8月—2022年6月在郑州大学第三附属医院产科出生并转入新生儿科的胎龄<32周、出生体重<1 500 g,于纠正胎龄35~40周完成头颅磁共振成像及ASL检查的90例早产儿为研究对象,根据是否诊断为BPD分为BPD组（n=45）和非BPD组（n=45）,比较两组早产儿ASL相同感兴趣区（额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶、丘脑和基底神经节）CBF值的差异。 结果 与非BPD组早产儿相比,BPD组早产儿1 min Apgar评分更低,辅助通气时间更长,胎儿窘迫发生率更高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。应用多元线性回归分析控制头颅磁共振成像检查时纠正胎龄、日龄等混杂因素后,与非BPD组相比,BPD组左右两侧额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶、基底神经节、丘脑的CBF值仍较高（P<0.05）。 结论 BPD可使早产儿大脑皮质血流灌注量增高,可能与前期缺氧、较长时间辅助通气有关。