隆凸切除成形与重建术治疗中晚期肺癌

目的 总结分析肺癌侵及隆凸外科治疗的手术适应症、技术方法、术中及术后管理。方法 全组共67例．右肺中心型肺癌46例。右侧纵隔型肺癌4例，侵及上腔静脉及无名静脉11例；左侧中心型肺癌17例；手术方式：行右隆凸全肺或肺叶切除隆凸重建术50例，11例同时行受侵上腔静脉及无名静脉切除人工血管置换；左隆凸全肺切除17例。结果 全组围术期死亡8例(11．94％)，循环衰竭6例(8．96％)．呼吸衰竭2例(2．99％)。1、3及5年生存率分别为77．21％、48．23％及32．54％。结论 对肺癌侵犯隆凸和上腔静脉及双侧无名静脉者，切除原发病变和部分受侵器官可达到临床完全性切除之目的。配合多学科的综合治疗，患者能获得良好的远期生存。     

肺癌侵犯上腔静脉12例外科治疗

[目的]观察上腔静脉置换或部分切除术治疗肺癌侵及上腔静脉患者的效果。[方法]2001年3月～2004年3月行上腔静脉置换或部分切除术治疗肺癌侵犯上腔静脉患者12例,其中行肺癌切除、受侵上腔静脉切除、人工血管置换8例;上腔静脉部分切除、自体心包修补术2例;上腔静脉侧壁部分切除血管缝合成形术2例。[结果]无术中及术后早期死亡,无术后近远期上腔静脉及人工血管血栓形成,无梗阻症状发生。4例术后生存12～24个月,6例目前仍健在,最长已生存44个月。[结论]肺切除合并受侵的上腔静脉切除重建术能明显提高患者的生存率,改善患者的生存质量。     

上腔静脉重建术中血流动力学及脑氧代谢变化对手术策略的选择

目的探讨侵犯上腔静脉的胸部肿瘤手术中手术策略的选择对上腔静脉阻断期间脑氧代谢的影响。方法总结分析31例胸部肿瘤侵犯上腔静脉合并(阻断组,n=19)及未合并(旁路组,n=12)上腔静脉阻塞患者上腔静脉重建术中,直接阻断上腔静脉(阻断组)或旁路分流(旁路组)患者血流动力学改变、脑氧代谢及乳酸改变的情况。结果阻断组患者术前上腔静脉压力、脑氧摄取率、颈内静脉乳酸水平、颈静动脉乳酸差值明显高于旁路组,而颈内静脉血氧饱和度低于旁路组(均P<0.05)。血管重建后阻断组上腔静脉压力、脑氧摄取率、颈内静脉乳酸水平、颈静动脉乳酸差值明显下降,而颈内静脉血氧饱和度上升(均P<0.05);旁路组上腔静脉压力、脑氧摄取率、颈内静脉乳酸水平、颈静动脉乳酸差值以及颈内静脉血氧饱和度无明显改变(均P>0.05)。结论合并上腔静脉阻塞患者在上腔静脉重建过程中直接阻断上腔静脉进行肿瘤切除、腔静脉重建是安全的,未合并上腔静脉阻塞者进行上腔静脉至心房的旁路分流是必要的。     

巨大纵隔脂肪肉瘤手术切除1例并文献复习

目的提高对巨大纵隔脂肪肉瘤的认识。方法回顾性分析2023年4月山西省肿瘤医院收治的1例巨大纵隔脂肪肉瘤患者的诊治过程, 分析患者临床特点, 并进行文献复习。结果患者为59岁男性, 主诉咳嗽、气促3个月入院。胸部CT提示前纵隔可见巨大肿块影, 呈混杂密度, 边界清楚;肿块包绕上腔静脉及双侧头臂静脉;上腔静脉受牵拉变形, 双肺受压, 局部肺实变, 右肺为著。因侵袭双侧膈神经及左无名静脉, 行纵隔肿瘤切除术+双侧膈肌折叠术+左无名静脉成形术;术后病理诊断为巨大的胸内脂肪肉瘤, 标本大小为30 cm×26 cm×18 cm;患者术后恢复良好出院。结论巨大纵隔脂肪肉瘤罕见, 治疗以手术切除为首选, 术中尽可能完整切除病灶, 减少术后复发风险, 提高患者生存率。     

巨大纵隔肿瘤术中特殊处理

 目的 探讨巨大纵隔肿瘤术中特殊疑难问题的处理经验。方法 回顾分析1982年1月-2004年6月36例巨大纵隔肿瘤的临床资料，良性肿瘤30例，恶性肿瘤6例。36例均有肺功能障碍，心电图异常18例、声音嘶哑6例、上腔静脉梗阻9例。采用完整、分块、大部切除法完整切除肿瘤28例，大部切除肿瘤8例；单纯肿瘤切除19例，联合上腔静脉、无名静脉成形术5例，部分左心房切除2例，肺切除17例。切除肿瘤重828-4264g，平均2673g，术中出血400-4900mL。结果 全组无手术死亡。术后并发呼吸衰竭2例、二次开胸止血1例、采用预防复发性肺水肿措施后并发肺水肿1例，均治愈出院。结论 手术切口尽量靠近瘤体、又便于伸延，充分显露术野、采用完整、分块、大部切除等手术技巧和处理大血管、重要脏器经验，术中尽旱应用预防复发性肺水肿措施是手术成功的关键。     

体外侧枝分流快速缓解上腔静脉综合征

上腔静脉压迫综合征治疗中 ,减轻上腔静脉的压力最为重要。既往的治疗方法有肿瘤切除 ,血管修补重建 ,上腔静脉 右心房转流 ,异体动、静脉或人造血管进行血管移植等开胸手术治疗。但这些只适合良性肿瘤的治疗 ,而右上纵隔原发或继发性恶性肿瘤 ,一旦并发严重的上腔静脉综合征 ,绝大多数患者失去了手术机会。手术能达到缓解症状的目的 ,但技术要求高。 1998年以来 ,我们采用体外侧枝分流 ,在上肢静脉与下肢静脉之间进行暂时性分流 ,将上腔静脉受阻的血流引入下肢静脉进入体循环 ,患者症状快速得到缓解。材料和方法一　研究对象　本组 9例均为…     

肝尾状叶肿瘤的切除(附5例报道)

目的:探讨肝尾状叶肿瘤的手术切除经验.方法:对我院2001年11月～2002年6月收治的5例累及肝脏尾状叶肿瘤的手术方式作回顾性分析.结果:本组5例均采用右侧路径切断尾状静脉,2例其中游离部分腔静脉,切断尾状静脉4～5支,2例血管瘤和1例肝转移癌患者游离全部肝段下腔静脉,切断全部尾状静脉.5例患者均好转出院.结论:尾状静脉的离断是手术安全的保障.另外解剖肝门板,离断尾状叶的动、静脉分支可以减少手术中的出血量.     

罕见外生型气管腺样囊性癌误诊为纵隔肿瘤一例报告

患者女,25岁。干咳7个月,胸部正侧位片(X片号36366)示:右上纵隔见一区肺野突出的弧形块影,约2.5×2.5cm,界清、密度均匀。块影位于中纵隔。以“右上中纵隔肿瘤”入院。1984年5月31日在气管内麻下经右进胸探查,见肿块位于奇静脉上方,上腔静脉后方,气管、食管的右前方,被纵隔胸膜包裹,尚能移动。分离后壁肘见肿块与气管、食管浸润,用手指钝性分离后,摘除肿块。此时,食管和气管分别     

58 例侵袭性胸腺瘤的临床诊疗分析

 目的 总结侵袭性胸腺瘤的临床诊治体会。方法 回顾性分析58例侵袭性胸腺瘤的临床诊治资料,总结侵袭性胸腺瘤的诊断及治疗经验。结果 经胸骨正中切口手术43例,胸前外侧切口15例;41例肿瘤完全切除,14例肿瘤姑息切除,3例仅行病理活检;其中36例肿瘤扩大切除,包括纵隔胸膜及心包部分切除27例,肺楔形切除7例,上腔静脉或无名静脉部分切除加成形修补9例,上腔静脉置换4例;17例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者行姑息性切除或取活检术。残余肿瘤组织予以放射性质子粒（碘125）植入14例,射频透热治疗1例。全组病例无死亡。41例根治性切除患者,除1例行上腔静脉置换术后颜面部浮肿消除不满意外,其余恢复良好,术后随访患者生存质量较高。23例患者生存时间大于3年,3年生存率为39.7%。结论 外科手术是治疗侵袭性胸腺瘤的重要手段。手术病例应尽可能做到根治性切除,并注意纵隔脂肪的清扫以减少复发机会。对于瘤体巨大不能根治性切除病例要酌情结合术前或术后放疗或放化疗来提高切除率,延长患者的生存期。     

胰十二指肠切除联合血管重建治疗胰头、十二指肠恶性肿瘤

背景与目的：胰头癌、十二指肠癌的治疗，手术切除仍是唯一可能根治的有效方法。但临床确诊时，多数为晚期，常累及门静脉／肠系膜上静脉、下腔静脉即属手术禁忌症。本研究旨在探讨累及门静彬肠系膜上静脉、下腔静脉的胰头癌、十二指肠癌切除的处理方法，以提高切除率及生存率。方法：总结2002年2月-2005年6月5例联合血管重建胰十二指肠切除术的临床资料及经验，其中胰头癌合并门静脉／肠系膜上静脉切除人工血管重建3例，十二指肠癌合并下腔静脉切除人工血管重建2例。结果：本组病例无围手术期死亡。无人工血管感染、阻塞并发症。随访10个月死亡1例，24个月死亡1例，术后存活超过3年2例，超过4年1例。结论：对累及门静彬肠系膜上静脉、下腔静脉的胰头癌、十二指肠癌行胰十二指肠切除联合血管重建手术是安全的，可提高肿瘤切除率，延长患者生存时间。     

A case of unresectable mediastinal carcinoma obtaining clinical complete response after sequential chemoradiotherapy

A man in his sixties was pointed out a solitary anterior mediastinal tumor 3 cm in diameter by CT scan with a complaint of chest compression, which grew 7 cm in diameter involving right subclavian and common carotic arteries and left innominate vein and superior vena cava 2 months later. FDG-PET/CT showed a high abnormal uptake only in the mediastinal tumor. A histological diagnosis of mediastinal poorly differentiated carcinoma or mediastinal lymph node metastasis of unknown origin was made by medistinoscopic biopsy. After 4 courses of chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel, the tumor was markedly decreased but was judged as unresectable because of residual involvement of great vessels. Addition of 60 Gy of radiotherapy targeted for the tumor resulted in further decrease in diameter of the tumor in CT scan and disappearance of abnormal uptake of the tumor in FDG-PET/CT thus regarded as clinical complete response. Since then, a disease free status has been maintained for 16 months.     

解剖第3肝门切除巨大肝海绵状血管瘤

Objective:To estabhsh a novel and safe operation technique for the resection of giant hepatic cavernous hemangiomas involving the retro-hepatic vena cava.Methods:After ligating the hepatic artery of affected lobe, the short hepatic veins at the third porta hepatis were dissected and ligated individually to separate the tumor from the retrohepatic vena cava, followed by the resection of the tumor under intermittent interruption of the porta hepatis.Results:A total of 62 giant hepatic cavernous hemangiomas were successfully resected without hepatic vascular exclusion. Right and caudate lobectomies were done in 27 cases, right hemihepatectornies in 5 cases, right upper segnentectomies in 7 cases, right posterior lobectomies in 7 cases, extended left and caudate lobectomies in 10 cases, and caudate lobectomies in 6 cases. The blood transfusion requirement during operation was 1 400 ml on average. All did well postoperatively during a follow up of 4 - 84 months.Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to resect giant hepatic cavernous hemangioma following dissection of the third porta hepatis. Duringoperation the key step is dissection of the short hepatic veins.     

(Mis)placed central venous catheter in the left superior intercostal vein

BACKGROUND: Chest X-ray is routinely performed to check the position of the central venous catheter (CVC) inserted through the internal jugular or subclavian vein, while the further evaluation of CVC malfunction is usually performed by contrast venography. In patients with superior vena cava obstruction, the tip of the catheter is often seen in collateral mediastinal venous pathways, rather than in the superior vena cava. In such cases detailed knowledge of thoracic vessel anatomy is necessary to identify the exact location of the catheter. CASE REPORT.: We report a case of 32-year-old female patient with relapsing mediastinal lymphoma and previous superior vena cava obstruction with collateral azygos-hemiazygos venous pathways. The patient had CVC inserted through the left subclavian vein and its position was detected by CT to be in the dilated left superior intercostal vein and accessory hemiazygos vein. Considering that dilated accessory hemiazygos vein can tolerate infusion, the CVC was left in place and the patient had no complaints related to CVC (mal)position. Furthermore, we present anatomical and radiological observations on the azygos-hemiazygos venous system with the special emphasis on the left superior intercostal vein. CONCLUSIONS: Non-contrast CT scans can be a valuable imaging tool in the detection of the CVC position, especially in patients with renal insufficiency and contrast media hypersensitivity.     

心脏大血管成形术在肺癌外科中的应用

目的 探讨心脏大血管成形术在肺癌外科中的应用价值。方法 回顾性总结山东省立医院胸外科自1988－2001年在肺癌手术中涉及心脏大血管成形术的131例病例资料。结果 131例中上腔静脉置换或部分切除17例,左无名静脉与右心耳搭桥术1例,肺动脉成形术或楔形切除术86例,左心房部分切除术27例。全组无死亡,部分病例随访结果令人满意。结论 应用心脏大血管成形术可以提高肺癌手术切除率及手术的安全性,可以最大限度地保留患者的肺功能,并有助于提高患者的术后生存率及生活质量。     

食管癌切除不同入路二野淋巴结清扫术疗效比较

目的:探讨临床不同入路及二野淋巴结清扫术在食管癌切除中的应用。方法:选取2007年1月-2008年12月128例食管癌,分为Ivor-Lewis手术组（68例）和左胸手术组（60例）,对比两组胸腔、腹部淋巴结清扫数量、术后并发症及1、3、5年存活率。结果:左胸组上纵隔淋巴结转移和右侧气管旁三角淋巴结转移率均明显低于Ivor-Lewis组,有统计学意义（P<0.05）;下纵隔和腹部区淋巴结转移率及并发症两组比较无明显差异（P>0.05）;术后1、3年生存率两组无明显差异（P>0.05）,5年生存率Ivor-Lewis组明显高于左胸组（P<0.05）。结论:Ivor-Lewis术式二野清扫的转移淋巴结及术后5年存活率均优于左胸入路术式。     

内支架联合局部定向溶栓治疗上腔静脉综合征

目的　探讨内支架联合导管定向溶栓治疗肿瘤性上腔静脉阻塞综合征的方法及意义。方法　 2 6例肿瘤性上腔静脉阻塞综合征患者中 ,肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移 17例 ,纵隔恶性肿瘤 5例 ,食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移 2例 ,非霍奇金淋巴瘤 2例。采取股静脉入路 ,将多侧孔导管送至上腔静脉阻塞段血栓内 ,经导管滴注尿激酶 ,时间为 2 0～ 40min。然后球囊扩张 ,植入自张式支架。结果　 2 4例开通成功 ,2例因闭塞导丝无法通过而失败。 2 4例中有 3例患者狭窄段长 10cm ,置入 2个支架 ;余 2 1例均置入一个支架。 2 4例在扩张前均行溶栓治疗。开通前后梗阻远侧测静脉压 ,从术前的 2 1.2 3± 1.80mmHg降到术后的 5 .33± 0 .98mmHg(患者均为卧位测压 )。经统计学处理 ,开通前后梗阻远侧静脉压力变化差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。开通后造影示侧支静脉均不再显影 ,上腔静脉管径接近正常 ,轮廓光整。上腔静脉阻塞症状于术后 2～ 3d消退。结论　经股静脉入路 ,上腔静脉支架置入术联合导管定向溶栓是肿瘤性上腔静脉阻塞综合征有效的微创治疗方法     

1964例原发性支气管肺癌的外科手术经验

目的 总结１９６４例原发性支气管肺癌的外科手术经验,方法 对１９６４例肺癌患者（中心型１１４０例,周围型８２４例）的临床和病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果 全组手术切除共１６２６例,切除率为８２．８％,其中全肺切除１６０例,肺叶切除１３８６例,支气管袖状成形肺叶切除７０例及支气管楔形成形肺叶切除１０例。术后发生并发症２９４例,死亡２０例,手术死亡率为１．０％（２０／１９６４）,对手术中常见的疑难病例处理进行了分析。结论 手术为肺癌的主要治疗方式之一。若遇左上肺产吕浸润和包绕左肺动脉干,应先阻断动脉根部,再分离被浸润的土叶肺动、静脉并予结扎切断,然后切除有肿瘤的左上叶,最后清除血管壁上残余的癌组织,中晚期中心型肺癌以及肺动,静脉根部距肿瘤距离太短（≤０．５ｃｍ）的病例应行心包内结扎肺血管。右上肺癌浸润和包绕上腔静脉和     

肾癌伴腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗

目的:探讨手术治疗肾癌合并腔静脉癌栓患者的预后。方法:回顾分析2003年12月～2009年12月我院12例经手术及病理证实的肾癌合并腔静脉癌栓患者的资料,其中男性10例,女性2 例,中位年龄62（42～76）岁。肾静脉癌栓6 例,左侧2 例,右侧4 例; 下腔静脉癌栓Ⅱ级（肝下型）3 例,Ⅲ级（肝内型）3 例。12例患者术前均经CT或MRI 检查明确诊断肾癌合并腔静脉癌栓。结果:12例患者接受肾癌根治术的同时行静脉癌栓切除,术后9 例患者得到随访,随访时间6～72个月,无瘤生存1～3 年4例,生存5 年以上的4 例,1 例术后6 个月死于肿瘤复发。结论:CT和MRI 对肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓诊断率较高,可准确判断癌栓位置,对无淋巴结和远处转移者,在行肾癌根治术的同时行下腔静脉癌栓取出术是治疗肾癌合并静脉瘤栓积极有效的治疗方法。      

Clinical analysis of renal cell carcinoma with extension into the inferior vena cava

We performed clinical analysis of 12 patients with renal cell carcinomas associated with tumor thrombosis in the inferior vena cava. Eleven cases were men, and one was a woman; their ages range from 48 to 76 years old with a mean of 58 years. Nine tumors were observed on the right side, the other 3 tumors were observed on the left side. In five cases, the distant metastases of the disease were noticed at the first visiting to our hospital. Lung metastases were found in five and bone or liver in each one. Chief complaints were macroscopic hematuria in 8 cases (67%), and were weight loss or general fatigue. The symptoms of obstruction of the inferior vena cava, such as venous dilatation of abdominal wall, edema of lower extremities and varicocele of the testes, were seen in 6 cases. The level of the tumor thrombosis was preoperatively determined by CT, echography, cavography or MRI. The level was near the right atrium in one, near the hepatic vein in 8 and near the renal vein in 3, although there was no case extending into the right atrium. Transperitoneal nephrectomy and thrombectomy in the inferior vena cava were performed in 9 cases. Surgery could not be performed in the other 3 patients of their poor general condition or severe heart disease. One patient died because of massive hemorrhage during the operation. The other complications were transient renal failure in 3 cases and postoperative bleeding in one case. In 4 patients without distant metastases or regional lymph nodes metastasis, two died of multiple metastasis of renal cell carcinomas and diabetic coma. The other two cases are alive without disease for 4 and 40 months after operation. For renal cell carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava without metastasis, nephrectomy and thrombectomy should be performed using the extracorporeal circulation.