新辅助化疗在Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌综合治疗中的价值

目的　研究新辅助化疗在Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的效果及TNM分期下调率。方法　对3 2例Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌行新辅助化疗2～3个周期,化疗结束后行手术治疗。结果　新辅助化疗的有效率为65 .63 % (2 1/3 2 ) ,TNM分期下调率为46.88% (15 /3 2 )。结论　Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌术前新辅助化疗疗效肯定,且能降低TNM分期。     

新辅助化疗在Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌综合治疗中的价值

目的 研究新辅助化疗在Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的效果及TNM分期下调率。方法 对32例Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌行新辅助化疗2～3个周期，化疗结束后行手术治疗。结果 新辅助化疗的有效率为65．63％(21／32)，TNM分期下调率为46．88％(15／32)：结论 Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌术前新辅助化疗疗效肯定，且能降低TNM分期。     

可切除Ⅲ期N2非小细胞肺癌治疗共识与争议

Ⅲ期N2非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)外科治疗5年生存率仅有15%左右.目前为止仍然没有术后辅助性化疗、放疗或化放疗能改善Ⅲ期N2NSCLC患者生存率的有力证据,新辅助化疗的的价值仍有争议.因此,可切除Ⅲ期NSCLC的治疗仍然以手术为主.     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的手术治疗

手术治疗在Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）综合治疗中有着举足轻重的地位。本文针对Ⅲa期和Ⅲb期不同类型手术方案的选择及手术疗效作一综述。对于T3N1M0的Ⅲ8期NSCLC来说，外科手术是最主要的治疗手段，手术指征很明确，而N2阳性患者治疗方案的选择是争论的焦点。肺切除术加系统性肺门纵隔淋巴结清扫术适用于“可切除”的N2期NSCLC，预后较佳，而“不可切除”的N2期NSCLC预后很差，不主张手术治疗。对于一般情况、心肺功能较好的部分T4N0M0患者，积极采取手术治疗，甚至应用体外循环技术，扩大切除受累的器官，可取得较好的治疗效果。目前多主张对于手术治疗的Ⅲ期NSCLC辅以术后化疗或实施新辅助化疗，而是否需采用放疗尚没有定论。     

非小细胞肺癌术后多元化辅助治疗模式的研究进展

可手术切除Ⅱ-Ⅲa及Ⅲb（T3N2M0）期（IASLC/UICC第8版TNM分期）非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）推荐术后辅助化疗,但化疗毒性难以避免,且患者生存获益有限,仍具有较高的复发转移和死亡风险。在精准医疗时代,表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）开启个体化辅助治疗的新篇章。本文将对NSCLC术后辅助化疗、放疗、EGFR-TKI靶向治疗、抗血管生成治疗、免疫检查点抑制剂治疗及中医药治疗进行综述,多元化辅助治疗模式的探索有望延缓术后复发转移,使NSCLC患者生存获益最大化。     

Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗的疗效分析

 目的 探讨Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗的疗效。方法 用直接法统计45例Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌术后不同周期数化疗的生存率，评价其疗效。结果 术后4个周期化疗者3年、5年生存率分别为50.0 ％和16.7 ％，＞4个周期化疗者3年、5年生存率分别为23.1 ％和11.1 ％，两者差异有显著意义（P＜0.05）。≤2个周期化疗者2年生存率7.1 ％，无1例生存3年以上，未化疗者2年生存率14.3 ％，无1例生存3年以上，两者差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论 Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌单纯手术治疗疗效差，术后辅助化疗能提高其生存率，以4个周期化疗效果最佳。术后化疗周期数是影响Ⅲa期－N2非小细胞肺癌预后的一个重要因素。     

非小细胞肺癌术后辅助治疗疗效分析

目的：分析非小细胞肺癌术后辅助治疗的疗效。方法：非小细胞肺癌Ⅱ期和Ⅲa期299例分别采用单纯手术术后放疗、术后放疗＋化疗并用的方法进行治疗。结果：非小细胞肺癌Ⅱ期和Ⅲa期术后放疗组与术后放疗＋化疗组局部控制率优于单纯手术组（P＜0．05），但远处转移率及5年生存率无统计学意义。结论：治疗方法及病理类型并不影响Ⅱ期和Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌术后生存率，放疗可减少术后局部复发率。     

GP方案化疗加手术治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的探讨术前GP方案新辅助化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的可行性和不良反应,同时评价其在病期下调率,提高手术切除率及患者生存率的作用。方法将62例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者采用信封抽签法随机分为新辅助化疗组和单纯手术组,新辅助化疗组术前GP方案化疗二周期,单纯手术组直接手术治疗。结果新辅助化疗组总有效率为80.0%(24/30),病期下调率为56.7% (17/30)。新辅助化疗组手术切除率为92.9%(26/28),单纯手术组为87.5%(28/32)。手术并发症和手术死亡率两组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。新辅助化疗组术后1,2,3年生存率分别为89.3%(25/28)、78.6%(22/28)和64.3%(18/28),单纯手术组分别为71.9%(23/32)、53.1%(17/ 32)和40.6%(13/32)。新辅助化疗组术后生存率显著高于单纯手术组(P<0.01)。结论术前GP方案化疗安全、有效能降低Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的病期,提高手术切除率,改善患者术后长期生存率和生活质量。     

新辅助化疗对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌骨髓中CK19表达的影响

目的:探讨新辅助化疗与Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌骨髓微转移的关系.方法:应用RT-PCR技术,术中取肋骨骨髓检测新辅助化疗患者(化疗组)36例及直接手术患者(对照组)35例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓中CK19的表达情况.结果:化疗组CK19的阳性率为22.2%(8/36),对照组CK19的阳性率为45.7%(16/35),两组差异显著(P=0.026).新辅助化疗疗效与CK19的表达呈负相关(P=0.026),rs-0.372.COX模型分析提示,化疗疗效、CK19的表达是影响化疗组预后的独立指标.结论:新辅助化疗可减少Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌骨髓微转移的发生,通过检测骨髓中CK19的表达可指导临床治疗.     

EGFR敏感突变Ⅱ~ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌治疗的研究新进展

非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）为发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,Ⅱ~ⅢA期患者为潜在可根治人群。目前,围手术期的标准治疗为化疗,而表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）敏感突变的患者,新辅助或辅助靶向治疗可提高无病生存期（disease free survival,DFS）,但是否能带来生存获益,尚未明确。ⅢA（N2）期NSCLC患者术后辅助放疗可带来生存获益,而不可手术切除的局部晚期NSCLC患者,同步放化疗后durvalumab维持治疗成为新标准。在驱动基因突变人群中的免疫治疗还有待于进一步探索,免疫治疗联合化疗可能为方向之一,而抗血管生成治疗不适宜在术后辅助治疗。      

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy for Local Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in a Patient with a History of Breast Cancer: A Case Report

Durvalumab consolidation therapy is the standard treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with surgically unresectable stage IIIA (N2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery could reduce locoregional and distant recurrence and improve the survival rate for surgically resectable NSCLC. However, the value of neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced potentially resectable NSCLC remains controversial. Herein, we report a locally advanced potentially resectable NSCLC case with a history of breast cancer who achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) after preoperative treatment with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy. A 50-year-old woman developed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (left lower lobe of the lung, stage IIIA-N2) after two years of chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy following a diagnosis of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Surgical resection was attempted despite an MDT classification as unamenable to curative surgical resection. After two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with anti-PD1 immunotherapy, the tumor significantly shrank, then the patient underwent a left lower lobectomy. Complete resection with negative margins (R0 resection) was achieved in the patient. The patient experienced grade 1–2 adverse effects and no grade 3 or worse adverse effects occurred. Cardiotoxicity did not occur in the patient despite prior anti-HER2 treatment for breast cancer. Our case study contributes to the existing evidence on the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced unresectable NSCLC. Furthermore, future studies are needed to determine which patients can benefit from immunoadjuvant therapy and the duration and course of preoperative and postoperative immunotherapy.     

Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌新辅助化疗的疗效分析及应用价值

背景与目的 新辅助化疗应用于可手术切除的Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的确切疗效及安全性尚存争议.本研究旨在探讨新辅助化疗对可手术切除Ⅲa期NSCLC患者的近期疗效,并分析其与术后并发症的相关性.方法 根据纳入及排除标准,回顾性分析2011年1月-2013年10月重庆医科大学附属第一医院收治的明确临床诊断为Ⅲa期NSCLC 370例患者完整资料,根据术前是否接受新辅助化疗分为两组,其中A组为新辅助化疗+手术组97例,B组为直接手术组273例,比较两组患者的临床资料,分析新辅助化疗后肿瘤降期率,并将两组患者的手术情况、术后并发症进行对比,统计两组患者3年无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS).结果 A组患者新辅助化疗后肿瘤总降期率为65.98%(64/97);两组患者R0切除率分别为96.91%(94/97)和90.48%(247/273),手术时间、术中出血量、术后平均住院日差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后并发症总发生率A组稍高于B组,分别为76.29%(74/97)和72.52%(198/273),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);所有患者术后随访2个月-36个月,中位随访时间12.7个月,两组患者术后总体复发转移率分别为63.92%(62/97)和94.87%(259/273),有统计学差异(P<0.05);A、B两组患者中位DFS分别为19.46个月和11.34个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 新辅助化疗可使Ⅲa期NSCLC患者受益,能有效降低肿瘤分期,提高肿瘤切除率,可降低术后局部复发率及远处转移率,提高患者的无进展生存期;且并不明显增加术后并发症的发生率.     

Neoadjuvant treatment of early-stage resectable non-small-cell lung cancer

New approaches to the treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) include a focus on improving survival for patients with stage-III disease, which has traditionally implied regionally advanced, yet potentially surgically resectable, disease. Neoadjuvant, or induction, therapy has been one such focus in order to improve control of systemic disease. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with surgery appears to increase median survival and, perhaps more importantly, may enhance long-term survival, indicating cure. Clinical trials assessing the feasibility and efficacy of docetaxel, a taxane with considerable activity in NSCLC, alone or in combination with a platinum analog, have yielded promising results. Current research focuses on optimal integration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy into treatment strategies for patients with early-stage and locally advanced NSCLC.     

Current Research on Consolidation Therapy and Follow-up Health Care in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Following concurrent radio-chemotherapy or first-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),continuous maintenance therapy given to patients with stable disease(SD)and follow-up treatment is called consolidation therapy.Concerning NSCLC patients with a non-operable dry Stage-IIIB(N3)disease,i.e.contra-lateral mediastinal and hilar lymph node,or homolateral/contra-lateral scalene and Troisier sign,a 2 or 3-course of standard-dosage Taxotere consolidation therapy can be performed a er concurrent radio-chemotherapy.In pursuance of evidence-based medicine(EBM),low-dose Taxotere maintenance therapy,and biological targeted therapy of patients with appropriate symptoms are suitable for second-line therapy for moist of the Stage-IIIB(malignant pleural effusion)and IV patients.     

术后放疗在接受新辅助化疗联合手术切除的非小细胞肺癌的应用进展

新辅助化疗联合手术切除是非小细胞肺癌的标准治疗模式之一,但其疗后局部区域复发率较高。术后放疗(PORT)能显著降低该模式治疗后的局部区域复发率,但对改善生存的价值尚未完全明确：一部分研究认为其不能改善Ⅱ-Ⅲ A(N 2)期患者的生存,另一部分研究则认为其可使高危患者的生存获益。目前此类患者PORT的...     

Breast conservative surgery for operable invasive ductal carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy- a challenge for breast surgeon: a review based on literature and experience

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy is based on biological data and enables more patients to be treated with breast conserving surgery for locally advanced T2 and T3 without significantly increasing the rates of ipsilateral breast recurrence. Careful consideration of an optimal preoperative planning aims at accurately determining the patterns of primary tumour down staging and at the amount and location of any residual tumour in the breast, besides converting patients from mutilating surgery candidates to candidates for breast conservative procedure. The use of induction chemotherapy has the potential to improve the cosmetic results but free margins must be achieved and surgery must be planned in onco-plastic surgery. Axillary lymph node clearance is still the gold standard surgery in the treatment of the axilla. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be done for clinically N0 patients but only in control trials. Keywords: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy, breast cancer surgery.     

Is trimodality approach better then bimodality in stage IIIA, N2 positive non-small cell lung cancer?

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery is currently being investigated for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study reports efficacy, toxicity and feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy (CCRT) in stage IIIA, N2 positive NSCLC. METHODS: From March 2001 to February 2004, 52 patients with histologically confirmed stage IIIA, N2 positive NSCLC were registered. Patients received preoperative CCRT that consisted of weekly paclitaxel plus platinum chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy followed by surgery. RESULTS: Overall response rate was 76.9% (95% CI, 64-88%). The major grade 3-4 toxicities were radiation esophagitis (15.4%) and neutropenia (11.5%), and treatment-related mortality rate was 1.9%. Forty-two of 52 patients (80.8%) subsequently underwent surgical resection and 35 of 52 patients (67.3%) underwent complete resection. Among them, pathological complete response was obtained in 4.8%. Pathological downstaging rate to N0-1 and stage 0-II at surgery were 69.0% and 66.7%, respectively. The perioperative major morbidity rate was 23.8% and perioperative mortality was 2.4%. At a median follow-up of 33.9 months (range: 16.4-49.9), the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 16.5 months (95% CI, 6.2-26.8) and 25.6 months (95% CI, 14.6-36.6), respectively. Multivariate analyses identified that patients achieved mediastinal nodal clearance (downstage to pathological N0 or N1) after CCRT (p=0.02) and age at diagnosis<60 years (p=0.01) showed significantly improved survival. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant CCRT showed a high overall response rate with tolerable toxicity profile. Downstaging after CCRT may increase the rate of complete tumor resection and result in survival benefit in stage IIIA, N2 positive NSCLC patients.     

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for NSCLC: Current Concepts and Future Approaches

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Patients with resectable NSCLC are often treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, these patients continue to have a high risk of recurrence and death. Unfortunately, there has been little progress in the treatment of resectable NSCLC over the past several decades. Neoadjuvant therapy, which has been considered as an approach to improve survival in patients with resectable NSCLC, is a hotly debated topic. A systematic review of 32 randomized trials involving 10,000 patients revealed that there was no difference in survival between preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy. Because of such results and the theoretical concern about resectable tumors progressing on relatively ineffective neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and thus becoming unresectable, neoadjuvant chemotherapy fell out of favor, and many clinicians preferred adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. However, neoadjuvant therapy has been revived in the past couple of years, with emerging data from various ongoing trials suggesting that neoadjuvant immunotherapy may have significant efficacy and could potentially improve the survival of patients with resectable NSCLC. In this review article, we discuss the evidence supporting the role of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the multimodal management of resectable NSCLC. We summarize early results of ongoing clinical trials and highlight the challenges in adopting a uniform definition of treatment “success.” We address hurdles to be overcome for seeking regulatory approval for neoadjuvant immunotherapy and establishing it as a standard of care. Finally, we provide some perspectives for the future.