腹腔镜下行胃十二指肠穿孔修补术的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下行胃十二指肠穿孔修补术的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年12月行胃十二指肠穿孔修补术300例患者的临床资料,采用随机机械抽样法分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组150例,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、切口感染情况及住院时间.结果 腹腔镜组手术时间[(51.5±7.9)min]、术中出血量[(10.0±3.1)ml]、术后排气时间[(30.3±8.4)h]及住院时间[(5.4±2.0)d]均明显优于开腹组[分别为(79.6±16.4)min、(50.3±16.5)ml、(57.8±20.1)h、(10.5±3.2)d],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).腹腔镜组术后未出现切口感染的病例,开腹组有19例患者出现切口感染,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜下修补胃十二指肠穿孔的疗效优于开腹术,可在临床中推广应用.     

小切口开腹与腹腔镜下巨大子宫肌瘤剔除术临床结局分析

目的 评价小切口开腹与腹腔镜下巨大子宫肌瘤剔除术的优缺点和手术适应证.方法 回顾分析2009年6月至2011年5月本院妇科收治的直径8～12cm子宫肌瘤患者的临床资料,比较同期30例小切口及38例腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术的手术效果和术后康复情况.结果 两组手术均顺利完成,没有延长切口或中转开放.手术时间开腹组显著短于腹腔镜组[(63.55±21.95)minvs(91.33±36.55)min],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术中出血量两组无统计学差异[(122±84.75)mlvs(148.9±211.2)ml],术后镇痛药使用率开腹组显著高于腹腔镜组(50.0％vs13.3％)(P＜0.01),术后平均肛门排气时间两组间无显著性差异[(25.87±8.47)hvs(25.92±7.38)h](P＞0.05),术后病率两组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 巨大子宫肌瘤小切口开腹及腹腔镜下剔除术均为微创术式,两种术式均安全可靠;腹腔镜手术需要医师有丰富的腹腔镜手术经验及缝合技术,手术时间延长;合并肌壁间多个肌瘤时开腹手术更具优势.     

可吸收线对腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术患者术后愈合的影响

目的 分析可吸收线对腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术患者术后愈合的影响。方法 选取2017年2月—2018年12月在本院行腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的患者86例,通过随机数字表法分组,分为对照组与观察组均43例。两组患者均行腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术,对照组缝合以2-0普通丝线完成,观察组通过2-0聚乙醇酸手术缝合线完成缝合。比较两组术后愈合与术后疼痛程度。结果 观察组引流管拔除时间(3.31±0.51)d、肠功能恢复时间(2.39±0.46)d、下床活动时间(2.37±0.46)d、住院时间(7.09±0.52)d,均比对照组短[(4.30±0.57)d、(3.61±0.52)d、(3.41±0.48)d、(9.51±1.30)d],差异有统计学意义(t=8.488、11.523、10.258、11.334,P均=0.000);观察组术后疼痛程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.379,P=0.017)。结论 可吸收线的使用可促进腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术患者术后愈合,缓解术后疼痛症状,临床应用价值较高。     

卵巢良性囊肿剔除术不同止血方式对育龄女性卵巢功能及生存质量的近期影响

目的 探讨卵巢良性囊肿剔除术不同止血方式对育龄女性卵巢功能及生存质量的近期影响.方法 行卵巢良性囊肿剔除术患者92例,按手术方式及术中止血方式分为三组:腹腔镜缝合止血组(31例)、腹腔镜电凝止血组(31例)、开腹缝合止血组(30例).比较三组患者术前1个月、术后6个月血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)水平,术后6个月随访并进行Kupperman评分以评估生存质量.结果 腹腔镜缝合止血组术后6个月FSH、LH、E2与术前1个月比较差异无统计学意义[(6.22±1.69) U/L比(5.98±1.76) U/L、(6.04±1.27) U/L比(5.45±1.63) U/L、(51.05±13.44) ng/L比(54.98±18.57) ng/L,P＞0.05],腹腔镜电凝止血组和开腹缝合止血组术后6个月各指标与术前1个月比较差异均有统计学意义[腹腔镜电凝止血组:(8.24±2.79) U/L比(6.11±1.58) U/L、(7.63±1.86) U/L比(5.72±1.71) U/L、(41.20±12.09) ng/L比(51.34±21.28)ng/L,开腹缝合止血组:(6.65±1.36) U/L比(5.74±2.03) U/L、(6.32±1.51) U/L比(5.29±1.85) U/L、(44.41±12.52) ng/L比(53.16±23.29) ng/L,P＜0.05],腹腔镜电凝止血组术后6个月各指标与腹腔镜缝合止血组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),开腹缝合止血组术后6个月FSH、LH与腹腔镜缝合止血组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但E2比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后6个月,腹腔镜缝合止血组和开腹缝合止血组Kupperman评分均明显低于腹腔镜电凝止血组[(7.25±4.61)分和(8.34±5.11)分比(13.27±5.32)分,P＜ 0.05],腹腔镜缝合止血组与开腹缝合止血组Kupperman评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).患者均于术后8～50d月经来潮,月经周期、经量等较术前无明显改变.术后随访6个月,均未发生卵巢囊肿复发.结论 卵巢良性囊肿剔除术应用腹腔镜下缝合止血对育龄女性卵巢功能及生存质量的近期影响较小.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗胃十二指肠穿孔的疗效比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术两种方法治疗胃十二指肠穿孔的疗效.方法 采用腹腔镜(治疗组,26例)和开腹(对照组,26例)手术治疗胃十二指肠穿孔,并对两种方法的治疗效果进行对比.结果 治疗组患者术中出血量[(13.4±1.4)ml]与对照组[(48.5±1.7)ml]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者术后排气时间[(21.9±5.1)h]和下床活动时间[(15.2±1.2)h]与对照组[(37.5±7.3)、(45.7±5.7)h]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗组患者的术后体温异常率仅为7.7%(2/26),与对照组的88.5%(23/26)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜下行胃及十二指肠穿孔修补术的临床效果明显好于开腹手术,具有广泛的临床应用前景.     

腹腔镜修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔91例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔临床效果。方法选取2002年1月—2011年1月接受治疗的胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔患者181例,随机分为腹腔镜修补术组91例行腹腔镜修补术,开腹单纯修补术组90例行开腹单纯修补术,观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、肛门排气时间、术后应用镇痛药、住院时间、切口感染并进行比较。结结果腹腔镜修补术组患者手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间、切口感染明显低于开腹单纯修补术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后并发症发病率腹腔镜修补术组1.1%,开腹单纯修补术组10.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后应用镇痛药腹腔镜修补术组2.2%,开腹单纯修补术组14.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜修补术治疗消化性溃胃十二指肠炎溃疡穿孔创伤小,并发症少,操作简单,安全实用。     

胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔行腹腔镜修补术与小切口开腹修补术的比较研究

[目的]比较胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔行腹腔镜修补术与小切口开腹修补术的临床情况. [方法]将某院2009年1月～2010年9月收治的83例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者随机分为两组,对照组41例采用腹腔镜修补术,观察组42例采用小切口开腹修补术,比较分析两组的临床应用情况. [结果]两组患者均手术成功,疗效相当;观察组的手术时间明显短于对照组,但住院时间明显长于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组均无明显并发症发生. [结论]胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔行腹腔镜修补术与小切口开腹修补术均疗效满意,小切口开腹修补术手术时间短,腹腔镜修补术术后恢复快,临床应根据患者情况选择更为适合的手术方案.     

开腹与腹腔镜上消化道溃疡穿孔修补术的临床效果比较

目的比较开腹与腹腔镜上消化道溃疡穿孔修补术对于上消化道穿孔患者的治疗效果,评价其临床应用价值。方法对于2010年6月-2011年12月在本院进行治疗的84例上消化道溃疡穿孔患者,按照随机分组的方式分为腹腔镜组和开腹手术组,对两组患者的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、排气时间、引流量及术后不良反应进行比较。结果腹腔镜组患者的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、排气时间、引流量及术后不良反应均好于开腹手术组患者,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用腹腔镜对上消化道溃疡穿孔患者进行治疗,其临床效果较好,操作简单,安全性高,同时减少了手术时间、出血量、住院时间及排气时间,降低了术后并发症的发生,具有很好的临床应用价值。     

局部麻醉下无张力腹股沟疝修补术与经腹腹膜前腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的临床对比研究

目的 比较局部麻醉下无张力腹股沟疝修补术(Lichtenstein)与经腹腹膜前腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(TAPP)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年7月120例局部麻醉下行Lichtenstein患者(Lichtenstein组)和98例行TAPP患者(TAPP组)的临床资料.结果 两组患者手术均顺利完成,TAPP组无中转开腹病例.Lichtenstein组手术时间、术中出血量均低于TAPP组[(40.1±4.5) min比(45.7±3.5) min、(6.7±1.3)ml比(10.6±2.3)ml],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).TAPP组术中发现伴发疝发生率多于Lichtenstein组[10.2％(10/98)比1.7％(2/120)],差异有统计学意义(P=0.006).Lichtenstein组术后3d使用止痛药物次数、恢复正常活动时间均多于TAPP组[(0.31±0.03)次比(0.22±0.09)次、(9.32±1.38)d比(6.54±0.98)d],但Lichtenstein组初次下床活动时间、住院时间、住院费用均低于TAPP组[(5.34±1.98)h比(10.24±2.35)h、(2.98±1.32)d比(6.43±0.93)d、(5032.15±372.18)元比(8325.76±438.23)元],差异均有统计学意义(P=0.010);两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.067).Lichtenstein组术后随访慢性疼痛发生率高于TAPP组[10.0％(12/120)比0],差异有统计学意义(P=0.001).Lichtenstein组术后真性复发疝发生率与TAPP组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.199),但是Lichtenstein组假性复发疝发生率明显高于TAPP组[6.7％(8/120)比0],差异有统计学意义(P=0.009).结论 局部麻醉下Lichtenstein与TAPP均安全有效,各有其优点.     

开腹与腹腔镜下手术在妇女胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术中的比较

目的比较开腹手术与腹腔镜下修补术在妇女胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术中的疗效。方法选70例妇女胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者，随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组，两组各为35例，并比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后体温变化及术后肠功能恢复时间。结果腹腔镜组手术时间略高于开腹组但统计学无显著性意义（P〈0．05），术后出血情况（P〈0．05），体温及肠功能恢复情况（P〈0．001）。结论在胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术中腹腔镜下修补术较开腹手术具有优越性。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.