参麦注射液致RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒的研究

目的 探讨参麦注射液(SMI)对RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒的影响及其原因。方法 以C48/80为工具药建立RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型, 检测不同浓度C48/80与RBL-2H3细胞作用不同时间后细胞β-己糖苷酶、类胰蛋白酶和组胺的释放率以及细胞活力, 在细胞活力大于80%情况下, 选择释放程度较高的指标和条件为优选考察指标和条件。将SMI和其溶剂(Tween-80)原液等比稀释成不同浓度后与RBL-2H3细胞共同培养, 通过中性红染色法观察细胞脱颗粒的形态学变化, 分别用显色法和间接荧光法检测细胞上清的β-己糖苷酶和组胺释放率, 采用细胞计数法(CCK-8)检测细胞的活力。结果 RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型的最佳作用时间为30 min, 最佳指标为β-己糖苷酶和组胺释放率。与空白组相比, SMI质量浓度低于13.3 g生药/L(3倍临床浓度)时, 细胞中性红染色未见脱颗粒现象, 组胺和β-己糖苷酶释放率亦无差异;而在Tween-80质量浓度为1.00 g/L时, SMI 40 g生药/L(9倍临床浓度)组和溶剂1.00 g/L组细胞中性红染色均可见脱颗粒现象, 细胞上清组胺和β-己糖苷酶释放率亦明显增加。此外, CCK-8结果显示, 与空白组相比, 各浓度的SMI对细胞活力均无影响。结论 SMI低于3倍临床浓度无明显RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒作用;而在9倍临床浓度能刺激细胞脱颗粒, 这种脱颗粒作用可能与所含溶剂(Tween-80)有关, 与其对RBL-2H3的细胞毒性作用无关。提示SMI在低于3倍临床浓度相对安全, 在9倍临床浓度时有致类过敏反应的风险。     

基于实时细胞分析技术评价注射用益气复脉(冻干)类过敏反应

目的 建立中药注射剂体外类过敏反应评价方法,快速评价不同批次注射用益气复脉（冻干）类过敏反应表现。方法 体外培养嗜碱性白血病细胞株RBL-2H3细胞,选择Compound 48/80为阳性药,采用实时细胞分析（real-time cell analysis,RTCA）系统检测药物干预后引起的细胞指数（CI）值变化,并利用甲苯胺蓝、鬼笔环肽染色观察细胞形态、骨架变化,以及检测组胺和β-已糖苷酶释放量验证RBL-2H3细胞的脱颗粒情况。选择20个批次的注射用益气复脉（冻干,100 μg/mL）作用于RBL-2H3细胞,进行基于RTCA技术的类过敏反应评价。结果 阳性药Compound 48/80（20 μg/mL）能够使RBL-2H3细胞的CI值在加药后30 min内呈先快速上升后下降趋势;形态学研究发现,Compound 48/80使细胞形态和细胞骨架均发生明显改变,发生明显的脱颗粒现象;组胺和β-己糖苷酶释放实验进一步证实Compound 48/80导致炎症介质的释放,引起了明显的脱颗粒现象;提示RTCA系统可以用于快速敏感的评价RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒。不同批次的注射用益气复脉（冻干）对RBL-2H3细胞CI值无明显影响,提示所选批次为合格批次,无类过敏反应现象的发生。结论 建立了一套基于RTCA系统的类过敏反应体外快速评价技术,可用于注射用益气复脉（冻干）等中药注射剂类过敏反应的体外快速评价。     

聚山梨酯80对多源肥大细胞脱颗粒的影响研究

目的 通过比较不同浓度聚山梨酯80溶液对RBL-2H3、P815、Ku812细胞脱颗粒的影响,探究聚山梨酯80的量与过敏反应的关系,进而筛选出一套灵敏、稳定的体外肥大细胞脱颗粒模型。方法 体外培养RBL-2H3、P815和Ku812细胞,测定3株细胞的生长曲线,在细胞生长对数期,以不同浓度（0.04、0.20、1.00、5.00、10.00、20.00、40.00、80.00 mg/mL）聚山梨酯80分别刺激3株细胞,采用中性红染色法显微镜下观察不同浓度聚山梨酯80溶液对3株细胞脱颗粒的影响,并计算脱颗粒百分率,同时以化学发光法分别检测组胺和β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率,以酶联免疫吸附法测定类胰蛋白酶的释放量;并进一步检测聚山梨酯80对人的肥大细胞IgE释放的影响。结果 3株肥大细胞脱颗粒模型中,各细胞的脱颗粒指标均随聚山梨酯80浓度的升高而升高。相同浓度聚山梨酯80对人源、大鼠、小鼠肥大细胞的类胰蛋白酶释放量无较大统计学差异;与RBL-2H3细胞系比较,P815细胞和组胺释放率显著降低（P<0.05、0.01）,Ku812细胞组胺释放率和β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率显著升高（P<0.05、0.01）,Ku812细胞脱颗粒最灵敏。但在实验过程中发现Ku812细胞模型稳定性、可重复性较差,而RBL-2H3细胞稳定性、可重复性均优于Ku812和P815细胞。0.04~80.00 mg/mL的聚山梨酯80溶液作用于Ku812细胞产生的IgE均低于检测限。结论 聚山梨酯80诱导的过敏反应可能是不经过IgE介导的类过敏反应,随着聚山梨酯80浓度的增大,3个细胞模型脱颗粒现象显著,相比于Ku812和P815细胞,RBL-2H3细胞更适合作为体外肥大细胞脱颗粒检测模型。     

聚山梨酯-80致RBL-2H3肥大细胞脱颗粒的研究

目的:研究聚山梨酯-80对RBL-2H3肥大细胞脱颗粒释放组胺的影响.方法:培养大鼠来源的RBL-2H3肥大细胞,取不同厂家来源的聚山梨酯-80与RBL-2H3细胞共培养60 min,用荧光分光光度法定量检测RBL-2H3细胞释放的组胺量,计算组胺释放率.结果:不同厂家来源的聚山梨酯-80与RBL-2H3细胞作用60 min后,细胞的组胺释放率与空白对照组相比均显著增加,在一定浓度范围内,组胺的释放随聚山梨酯-80浓度的增加而增加.结论:聚山梨酯-80可导致RBL-2H3肥大细胞脱颗粒,并存在着明显的量效关系,为研究聚山梨酯80致过敏反应机制提供了一定的依据.     

非免疫性过敏反应细胞模型的建立

目的:通过非免疫性刺激物C48/80诱导大鼠嗜碱性粒细胞白血病细胞株RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒反应正交试验,优化非免疫性过敏反应细胞模型建立条件.方法:在不同的孵育时间下,C48/80与不同浓度的RBL-2H3细胞共孵育,通过测定β-氨基己糖苷酶的释放率确定建立非免疫型过敏反应细胞模型的最优实验条件,并且分析不同检测方法间的差异.结果:不同浓度、不同孵育时间下的RBL-2H3细胞均可受C48/80诱导发生典型的脱颗粒反应,但不同条件下的脱颗粒程度和β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率都有显著差异.结论:当RBL-2H3细胞浓度为2×105 mL、孵育时间60 min时,细胞的感受性较好,其脱颗粒程度与药物浓度呈正相关.     

清开灵注射液类过敏反应应急检验方法探讨

目的：探讨清开灵注射液类过敏反应应急检验方法。方法：将40只ICR小鼠随机均分为阳性对照组、空白组及清开灵高、中、低剂量组,一次性尾静脉注射清开灵注射液,观察清开灵注射液对RBL-2H3细胞β-氨基己糖苷酶及组胺释放率的影响。结果：清开灵注射液可明显增加RBL-2H3细胞β-氨基己糖苷酶及组胺释放率,且呈浓度依赖性。结论：ICR小鼠体内类过敏反应检查法联合RBL-2H3细胞β-氨基己糖苷酶及组胺释放率检查法可作为清开灵注射液类过敏反应应急检验方法。     

药用注射辅料聚山梨酯80诱发类过敏反应的细胞研究

目的:观察聚山梨酯80诱导大鼠嗜碱性粒细胞白血病细胞株RBL-2 H3细胞脱颗粒现象,探讨其诱发类过敏反应的可能机制。方法:聚山梨酯80与RBL-2 H3细胞共同孵育60 min后,透射电镜观察细胞发生脱颗粒反应的形态学变化,荧光显微镜下观察细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸与Annexin V结合变化,分光光度法测定细胞上清液β-氨基己糖苷酶释放百分率,并通过阿利新蓝染色试验进行定性观察。结果:不同浓度聚山梨酯80可诱导细胞发生典型的脱颗粒反应形态学变化,与阴性对照组相比脱颗粒率及组胺释放率显著升高,且具有浓度依赖性。结论:聚山梨酯80单次、首次给药即可诱导RBL-2 H3细胞脱颗粒,释放组胺,诱发类过敏反应,这可能是其临床首次用药即引起严重不良反应的机制之一。     

RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型评价注射用丹参多酚酸的安全性

目的 通过RBL-2H3肥大细胞脱颗粒模型考察注射用丹参多酚酸及丹参多酚酸B、D的致敏性。方法 RBL-2H3肥大细胞分为对照（PBS）组、C48/80 （阳性对照,4 mg/mL）组和梯度浓度（0.025、0.050、0.100、0.200、0.400、0.800 mg/mL）的注射用丹参多酚酸、丹参多酚酸B、丹参多酚酸D组,孵育30 min后,通过中性红染色试验观察脱颗粒现象,化学荧光法测定组胺释放率,酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率、类胰蛋白酶释放量。结果 与对照组比较,阳性药C48/80组、质量浓度≥0.2 mg/mL的丹参多酚酸B组、质量浓度≥0.4 mg/mL的丹参多酚酸D组、质量浓度为0.8 mg/mL的注射用丹参多酚酸组的细胞脱颗粒度显著升高（P<0.01、0.05）;注射用丹参多酚酸没有引起RBL-2H3细胞组胺释放率增加,C48/80组、质量浓度≥0.025 mg/mL的丹参多酚酸D组、0.8 mg/mL的丹参多酚酸B组组胺释放率即显著升高（P<0.001、0.05）;注射用丹参多酚酸和丹参多酚酸B组类胰蛋白酶释放量无显著性差异,质量浓度≥0.025 mg/mL的丹参多酚酸D组类胰蛋白酶释放量显著增加（P<0.001）;注射用丹参多酚酸没有引起β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率增加,0.8 mg/mL的丹参多酚酸D组、质量浓度≥0.1 mg/mL的丹参多酚酸B组的β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率显著增加（P<0.001）。结论 注射用丹参多酚酸在致敏性方面有较好的安全性。     

紫花地丁止痒复方对RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒的影响

目的考察紫花地丁止痒复方(Viola yedoensis makino antiitching compound,VYAC)对RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒的影响及机制。方法CCK-8检测VYAC对RBL-2H3细胞的毒性;C48/80诱导RBL-2H3细胞发生脱颗粒,台盼蓝染色、β-氨基己糖胺酶释放、组胺释放、细胞内Ca2+浓度,评价VYAC对C48/80诱导的RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒情况;Western blot法检测相关蛋白(Syk、p-Syk、PI3K、Akt、p-Akt)的表达。结果100 mg·L^-1的C48/80能够明显刺激RBL-2H3细胞发生脱颗粒,脱颗粒率达74%(P<0.05);VYAC呈剂量依赖性抑制β-氨基己糖胺酶和组胺的释放(P<0.05),且剂量在800 mg·L^-1以下时不影响RBL-2H3细胞存活;VYAC能够明显减弱细胞内荧光强度,降低细胞内Ca2+浓度;VYAC(25、100 mg·L^-1)明显抑制PI3K蛋白表达、抑制Syk、Akt蛋白的磷酸化(P<0.05)。结论VYAC能够抑制过敏性皮炎中肥大细胞脱颗粒,抑制Ca2+内流,其机制可能是抑制Syk/PI3K/Akt活化。     

聚山梨酯80刺激肥大细胞RBL-2H3脱颗粒作用的评价

目的：研究不同类别及厂家的聚山梨酯80直接刺激肥大细胞RBL-2H3脱颗粒的作用,为建立完善的注射用辅料引发类过敏反应的筛选评价体系提供依据。方法：以不同剂量的聚山梨酯80处理RBL-2H3细胞,测定β-氨基己糖苷酶释放量,并通过MTT法进一步研究有脱颗粒作用的受试物对RBL-2H3细胞的毒性作用。结果：8种聚山梨酯80样品具有不同程度的直接刺激RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒的作用,且呈浓度依赖性,其中上海试剂采购供应站提供的受试物作用极强,威尔制药口服级受试物作用较强,威尔制药A、威尔制药B、威尔制药注射级、威尔制药4个受试物作用相近,2个进口品种的作用略弱。在产生直接刺激RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒作用的浓度下,上海试剂采购供应站的聚山梨酯80有明显的细胞毒性,并呈浓度依赖性。结论：聚山梨酯80能够直接刺激RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒,其作用强度不同反映了产品的质量差异;上海试剂采购供应站提供的聚山梨酯80直接刺激RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒的作用可能由其细胞毒性引起。     

Evaluation of anaphylactoid constituents in vitro and in vivo

Natural medicine injections have been widely used in clinics, while adverse reaction reports also have increased rapidly in recent years. To examine the anaphylactoid constituents of natural medicine injections, RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and human serum complement activation models were used to screen the anaphylactoid constituents, and the BN rat model was used to explore the anaphylactoid mechanism of these constituents. The result of an in vitro study showed that the individual compounds of natural medicine injections (chlorogenic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, cholalic acid, ginkgolic acid, phillyrin, schisandrin B, schisandrin A, puerarin, and tanshinone IIA) and polysaccharide could not induce RBL-2H3 to release histamine and β-hexosaminidase, while proteins Tween-80 and tannic acid were the main anaphylactoid constituents in the natural medicine injections. The in vivo study also indicated that > 10 kDa molecules (proteins) activated classical complement pathways through direct stimulation to cause an anaphylactoid reaction. Tween-80 activated direct stimulation and coagulation pathways through classical and alternative pathways; tannic acid induced anaphylactoid reaction through co-activation of the kallikrein-kinin system, coagulation, integrated, classical and alternative complement pathways. This is the first study to evaluate the anaphylactoid constituents systematically through in vitro and in vivo study. And tannic acid, > 10 kDa molecules (proteins), and injection additives such as Tween-80 are the main anaphylactoid constituents of natural medicine injections.     

中药制剂苓槐丸提取物对小鼠过敏性皮炎的治疗作用及机制研究

目的研究中药制剂苓槐丸对过敏性皮炎的治疗作用及机制。方法制备苓槐丸甲醇提取物（MELH）,观察其对过敏性皮炎模型鼠耳肿胀程度及炎症因子释放的影响;而后,检测MELH 对肥大细胞RBL鄄2H3 脱粒作用及细胞信号通路的影响。结果MELH 可有效抑制过敏性皮炎模型鼠耳炎症性肿大（P 〈0. 05）,及抑制鼠耳组织中IFN-γ和TNF-α水平升高（P 〈0. 05）。MELH 可剂量依赖性抑制佛波酯（PMA）和钙离子载体（A23187）联合引起的RBL鄄2H3 细胞的组胺释放（P〈0. 05）和p38 MAPK 磷酸化。结论MELH 通过抑制T 细胞炎症因子的释放、肥大细胞脱粒作用及p38 MAPK 通路的活化,阻止T细胞向Th1免疫偏离,总体说苓槐丸可起到明显的抗过敏性皮炎作用。     

RBL-2H3细胞不适合用于类过敏模型的建立

目的考察RBL-2H3细胞是否适用于建立类过敏反应模型。方法用荧光定量聚合酶链反应考察RBL-2H3细胞上Mas相关G蛋白偶联受体(Mas-related G protein cou-pled receptor,Mrgpr)B2的表达情况;用显微镜观察和MTS法考察Compound 48/80对RBL-2H3细胞活力的影响;测定不同浓度Compound 48/80刺激RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒释放的β-己糖胺酶含量,对比RBL-2H3细胞、人肥大细胞系LAD2和大鼠腹腔肥大细胞(rat peritoneal mast cells,RPMCs)对Compound 48/80响应性的差异。结果RBL-2H3细胞可表达MrgprB2受体。Compound 48/80能剂量依赖性地诱导RBL-2H3细胞释放β-己糖胺酶,但在高剂量(≥20 mg·L^-1)时对RBL-2H3的细胞活力产生明显影响,此时释放的β-己糖胺酶应当是由于其细胞毒作用引起细胞破裂所致。同在无毒剂量(10 mg·L^-1)的Compound 48/80刺激下,LAD2和RPMCs的响应性良好,β-己糖胺酶释放量分别为空白对照的15.02倍和16.05倍,而RBL-2H3细胞仅为空白对照的2.35倍。结论RBL-2H3细胞对Compound 48/80的响应性差,表明其并不适用于建立类过敏反应模型。     

Mast cell degranulation induced by chlorogenic acid

Aim:

To investigate the mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CA)-induced anaphylactoid reactions.

Methods:

Degranulation of peritoneal mast cells was assayed by using alcian blue staining in guinea pigs, and the degranulation index (DI) was calculated. CA-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells was also observed and assayed using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and β-hexosaminidase release.

Results:

CA 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mmol/L was able to promote degranulation of peritoneal mast cells in guinea pigs in vitro, but it did not increase the degranulation of peritoneal mast cells in CA-sensitized guinea pigs compared with control (P>0.05). Treatment with CA 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mmol/L for 30, 60, and 120 min induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.01). Under transmission electron microscope typical characteristics of degranulation, including migration of granular vesicles toward the plasma membrane and integration combined with exocytosis, were observed, after CA or C48/80 treatment. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometric analysis showed that CA induced concentration-dependent translocation of phosphatidylserine in RBL-2H3 cells. β-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 cells was significantly increased after incubation with 1 mmol/L CA for 60 min and 5 mmol/L CA for 30 min (P<0.01).

Conclusion:

CA induces degranulation of peritoneal mast cells and RBL-2H3 cells in guinea pigs, which might be one of the mechanisms of the generation of anaphylactoid reactions induced by CA.     

Ephedrae herba (Mao) decreased histamine content in RBL-2H3 cells

The effect of Ephedrae herba (Mao) on histamine content was investigated. When rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were incubated for 48 h with Mao, Mao decreased histamine content in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the ratio of released histamine to total histamine was scarcely affected by Mao treatment when RBL-2H3 cells were stimulated by ionomycin. On the other hand, the content of -hexosaminidase, another marker of degranulation, was only slightly decreased by Mao. The expression level of the active form (53 kDa) of l-histidine decarboxylase, the enzyme which synthesizes histamine, was partially suppressed by Mao. Furthermore, Mao significantly suppressed proliferation of RBL-2H3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine revealed an increasing effect of Mao on cAMP level in RBL-2H3 cells. Since this result suggested that Mao may stimulate adenylate cyclase, we evaluated the effect of adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 on Mao-induced decrease in histamine content. As a result, we showed that SQ 22536 did not have a reducing effect of Mao. From these results it is understood that Mao decreased histamine content by inhibiting cell proliferation and expression of histidine decarboxylase. However, these effects are not related to the increase in cAMP.     

Vancomycin-induced release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells and a rat basophil cell line (RBL-1).

Rapid intravenous administration of the glycopeptide antibiotic, vancomycin, may cause a hypotensive reaction which can usually be prevented by infusing vancomycin in dilute solutions. The release of histamine from circulating cells such as basophils and tissue mast cells has been implicated in hypotensive reactions since the effects can be prevented by antihistamine pretreatment. The direct effects of vancomycin on histamine release were therefore investigated in rat peritoneal mast cells and rat leukemic basophils (RBL-1 cells). Suspension cultures of mast cells or RBL-1 cells were exposed to vancomycin for 30-60 minutes at concentrations comparable to those infused clinically (2.28 or 4.56 mg/ml). Vancomycin induced a time- and dose-dependent release of histamine into the culture media from both cell types. The reference degranulating agent, Compound 48/80 (CP 48/80), was also shown to induce histamine release from mast cells and RBL-1 cells. Mast cells were significantly more sensitive to vancomycin and CP 48/80 than RBL-1 cells and, unlike RBL-1 cells, were responsive to the inhibitory effects of cromolyn sodium on histamine release. Cromolyn sodium did not inhibit vancomycin-induced histamine release in RBL-1 or mast cells. Morphologically, mast cells exposed to either vancomycin or CP 48/80 exhibited dose-related degranulation. On the other hand, treatment-related degranulation effects of either vancomycin or CP 48/80 on RBL-1 cells could not be reliably distinguished from controls by qualitative evaluation. Based upon these findings it is concluded that mast cells may represent a more useful model to evaluate the potential of investigational agents to release histamine and to study mechanisms of histamine release than RBL-1 cells.