Relationship between 99Tcm-MDP uptake and bone mineral density in patients with prostatic carcinoma

Seventeen men with prostatic carcinoma were investigated with quantitative bone scintigraphy and quantitative computed X-ray tomography before orchiectomy and up to 6 months after this operation. The uptake of 99Tcm-labelled methylene disphosphonate (99Tcm-MDP) and bone mineral density (BMD) were determined for each vertebra from Th10 to L4. Ten patients had normal scintigrams. No change in MDP uptake or BMD was seen after 6 months in these patients. Of the seven patients with abnormal scintigrams, one patient had a clinical sign of progression with an increase in both MDP uptake and BMD. The remaining six patients showed stable or improved clinical status. For their abnormal vertebrae a decrease in MDP uptake was seen, while BMD varied in different ways after 6 months. For the normal vertebrae in these patients with metastatic involvement, no change in MDP uptake was seen. However, the BMD values showed a decrease, indicating a generalized increase in bone resorption at sites distant from the metastases.     

Relationship between bone mineral density and tooth loss in elderly Japanese women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between vertebral bone mass and tooth loss and jaw bone mass in elderly Japanese women. METHODS: Mandibular cortical bone mass, alveolar bone height and number of teeth present (total, anterior, and posterior) were compared with the 3rd lumbar vertebral bone mineral density (L3BMD), measured by dual energy computed tomography (DEQCT), in 90 Japanese women by means of multiple regression analysis, controlling for body mass index, menopausal status, years since menopause and self-reported periodontal condition. RESULTS: Mandibular cortical bone mass and number of posterior teeth were associated with both alveolar bone height and L3BMD, but there was no association between alveolar bone height, number of anterior teeth present and L3BMD. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the loss of posterior teeth may be associated with a decrease not only in alveolar bone height, but also alveolar bone mineral density (BMD). The latter may be related to a decrease of lumbar vertebral BMD.     

去卵巢大鼠骨密度与骨生物力学关系的探讨

绝经后骨折的发生率随骨矿密度的降低而增加[1,2],骨骼由大量的钙(Ｃａ)、磷(Ｐ)等矿物质构成,为了解绝经前后骨密度(ＢＭＤ)变化与生物力学的关系,本研究用双光子骨密度仪动态测定去势前、后的大鼠骨密度,同时测定血清钙、磷、镁及生物力学指标。1　材料和方法11　实验动物和喂养　Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雌性大鼠,10周龄,体重120～170ｇ,每组12只,按体重随机分为2组,1组为实验(切除卵巢)组,第2组为对照组(假书术),动物双鼠喂养,自由进食。16周末去卵巢,第32周末,骨动脉取血,处死。12　实验方法121　双光子骨密度测定(ＢＭＤ)　美国Ｗｉｓｃｏｓｉｎ…     

The relation between bone mineral density in the heel and pixel intensity in the mandibular jaw bone among elderly women

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between pixel intensity (PI) in digital radiographs of the lower jaw and bone mineral density (BMD) in the heels of post-menopausal women (as measured with DXL, a combination of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and lasers).

Methods

Two intraoral periapical digital radiographs were taken in the right and left mandible premolar region, and the digital images were analysed by a computer program (Dimaxis) regarding PI. As the radiographs were taken, the BMD of the patient''s left heel was measured via a portable Calscan device. The patient answered a questionnaire concerning risk factors. The correlation between variables was analysed using statistical tests.

Results

A significant correlation was found between the PI in the left (P = 0.001) and right (P = 0.004) mandible and the BMD of the left heel for the whole group. A pronounced correlation was found to exist for women > 70 years old. Based on a cut-off value of the PI, to differentiate between healthy individuals and those who required further analysis for osteoporosis, the following values were obtained: sensitivity 0.74, specificity 0.50, positive predictive value 0.77 and negative predictive value 0.46.

Conclusion

A positive correlation was found between PI in digital radiographs of the mandible and the BMD of the heel. The low predictive value does not allow any definite conclusions to be drawn from the present study. A reasonable recommendation could be for future studies to employ a larger study population to explore the effect on this value.     

Relationship between bone uptake of 99mTc-pyrophosphate and hydroxyproline in blood and urine.

In a group of hospital patients with various diseases, the urinary hydroxyproline-to-creatinine ratio showed a significant correlation (r = 0.63; p less than 0.001) with the 5-hr bone-to-soft-tissue ratio for 99mTc-pyrophosphate uptake. In patients on chronic hemodialysis, a similar correlation was found between the 5-hr bone-to-soft-tissue ratio and hydroxyproline levels in plasma and serum. The findings suggest that 99mTc-pyrophosphate binding by bone is related to collagen metabolism.     

Demonstration of primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis by99mTc-HMDP bone SPECT

A case of primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis is reported. A 61-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of intermittent hemoptysis. Chest X-ray and CT scanning showed tracheobronchial thickening. Bronchoscopic examination revealed diffuse tracheobronchial narrowing, and tracheobronchial biopsy detected amyloid deposits. Both^99mTc-HMDP planar and SPECT images were obtained in this patient. Coronal SPECT images revealed more precisely that the activity was not in the thoracic cage but in the bilateral hilar region. Localization of the amyloid deposits could be better determined on SPECT images than on planar images.     

骨质疏松老年妇女腰椎骨密度及结构的多层螺旋CT研究

目的评价容积性定量CT(vQCT)技术测量的腰椎骨密度(BMD)参数区分骨质疏松性椎体骨折与无骨折老年妇女的能力,对骨质疏松老年妇女腰椎结构与正常老年妇女进行比较。方法将有骨质疏松脊椎骨折的26例老年妇女归为第1组,选择年龄与其相匹配的无脊椎骨折的30例骨质疏松妇女归为第2组。应用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对56例病人腰椎L1、L2椎体行容积扫描,在横断面影像中经传统的QCT法测量L1、L2小梁骨BMD(2D-TRAB)、整体骨BMD(2D-INTGL);在经计算机工作站行容积再现(VR)三维处理的影像中应用直方图功能测量L1、L2椎体整体骨BMD(3D-INTGL)、皮质骨BMD(3D-CORT)、小梁骨BMD(3D-TRAB)。双能X线吸收仪(DXA)测量参数为腰椎正位BMD(AP-SPINE)、腰椎正位表观BMD(BMAD)。比较2组老年妇女间上述7组的BMD值。另对10例2D-TRAB正常的老年妇女在VR像中测量L1椎体中部边长为20mm的正方体内骨小梁容积比值,并与在56例妇女中随机选取的10例的数值比较。结果DXA测量中AP-SPINE、BMAD在第1组妇女为(0·796±0·170)g/cm2、(272·7±27·7)mg/cm3,与第2组妇女(0·817±0·140)g/cm2、(249·5±26·5)mg/cm3之间差异无统计学意义;vQCT中第1组的2D-TRAB为(70·4±22·2)mg/cm3、2D-INTGL为(138·3±35·1)mg/cm3、3D-INTGL为(139·4±34·9)mg/cm3、3D-CORT为(133·8±26·9)mg/cm3、3D-TRAB为(69·9±18·6)mg/cm3,比第2组数值(89·1±21·8)mg/cm3、(170·6±34·5)mg/cm3、(180·5±28·2)mg/cm3、(163·2±27·5)mg/cm3、(83·8±17·1)mg/cm3下降18%~23%。10例骨质疏松老年妇女L1椎体骨小梁容积比值为(8·12±1·96)%,明显低于正常老年妇女的(39·13±2·15)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0·01)。结论MSCT中vQCT参数区分骨质疏松性椎体骨折与无骨折老年妇女的能力优于DXA,三维重组影像显示的骨质疏松老年妇女椎体骨小梁容积明显低于正常老年妇女。     

Clinical comparison of 99mTc-HMDP and 99mTc-MDP

^99mTc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) was compared to ^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) with respect to image quality, lesion detectability, and the uptake ratios of normal bone to soft tissue (B/S), metastatic bone to soft tissue (M/S) and bone metastases to normal bone (M/B) at 2 and 3 h after injection in the same subjects. Thirty-three patients with bone metastases were examined in six nuclear-medicine departments, with each center using its usual bone-scanning protocol which was identical for both compounds in the same patient. The uptake of ^99mTc-HMDP in normal bone (B/S) was significantly higher than that of MDP at 2 and 3 h, but there were no significant differences between the two compounds with regard to the M/S or M/B or M/B ratios. The M/B of HMDP at 2 h was not significantly different from that of MDP at 3 h, the latter showing a significantly higher B/S and M/S ratio. All lesions were detected with both compounds, even at 2 h. The image quality was rated as follows (in decreasing order): HMDP (3 h), MDP (3 h), HMDP (2 h), and MDP (2 h). HMDP was shown to be a useful bone-imaging agent, especially when shorter intervals between injection and recording are required.     

老年妇女骨密度和髋部骨折的相关性分析

目的探讨与分析老年妇女骨密度和髋部骨折的相关性。方法选择2011年8月~2015年2月在深圳福田医院诊治的老年妇女髋部骨折患者72例作为骨折组,选择同期在该院进行体检的72例健康老年妇女作为对照组,两组均进行骨密度与骨代谢生化指标检测,同时进行骨质疏松情况的判断与相关性分析。结果骨折组与对照组沃氏三角区的骨密度分别为(0.76±0.12)g/cm2和(0.83±0.46)g/cm2,骨折组明显低于对照组(t=9.134,P=0.000)。骨折组的血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶值比对照组低,骨钙素值比对照组高,其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。骨折组的骨质疏松与骨量减少发生率都明显高于对照组(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示髋部骨折的发生与骨质疏松情况、骨钙素含量呈现明显正相关性(r=0.344,r=0.225,P0.05),而与骨密度、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶含量呈现明显负相关性(r=-0.246,r=-0.341,P0.05)。结论老年妇女髋部骨折多伴随有骨密度下降与骨质疏松情况,同时骨代谢生化指标表达紊乱,髋部骨密度可作为预测和评价老年妇女髋部骨折的主要检测指标。     

Benign myocardial uptake of 99mTc-HMDP in prostate carcinoma: based on three cases

We present three cases of patients with prostate carcinoma who underwent total body bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (99mTc-HMDP), showing myocardial uptake. Complementary diagnostic examinations were performed in these patients: cardiac (electrocardiogram and echocardiography), analysis of plasma electrolytes, including calcium, review of personal background of each patient to rule out associated disease which could have produced this uptake. No evidence of associated disease was found, processes such as heart disease, amyloidosis, hyperparathyroidism, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy being rule out. Thus, we conclude that the myocardial uptake was secondary to the prostate carcinoma.     

健康老年妇女近段股骨骨密度和结构的定量CT研究

目的 采用定量CT(QCT)和双能X线吸收测量(DXA)仪对健康老年妇女近段股骨骨密度(BMD)和骨结构进行研究,并对2种测量方法的结果进行比较.方法 对66名65岁以上健康妇女左侧髋关节进行DXA测量,计算出股骨颈和粗隆区BMD;对其双侧近段股骨进行QCT测量,计算出股骨颈、粗隆区和整体股骨ROI的皮质骨、松质骨和总体骨的BMD和体积;并将QCT三维图像模拟DXA的平面投影计算出模拟DXA股骨颈BMD和模拟DXA股骨粗隆区BMD.对所获数据进行配对t检验或非参数秩和检验,并用Pearson法分析DXA和QCT相对应ROI的相关性.结果 用QCT可以对股骨近段不同ROI(股骨颈、粗隆区和整体股骨区)及不同骨成分(皮质骨、松质骨和总体骨)的BMD及体积等参数进行精确的定量分析.除右侧股骨颈皮质骨BMD[(0.52±0.04)g/cm3]、股骨粗隆区皮质骨BMD[(0.49±0.03)g/cm3]、股骨粗隆区综合骨BMD[(0.22±0.04)g/cm3]大于左侧相应参数[分别为[(0.51±0.04)、(0.48±0.03)、(0.21±0.04)g/cm3],差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),但差别均<3.3%;而模拟DXA股骨颈BMD、模拟DXA股骨粗隆区BMD、股骨颈皮质骨体积、股骨颈松质骨BMD、股骨颈松质骨体积、股骨颈综合骨BMD、股骨颈综合骨体积、股骨粗隆区皮质骨体积、股骨粗隆区松质骨BMD、股骨粗隆区松质骨体积、股骨粗隆区综合骨体积左侧参数分别为(0.52±0.10)g/cm2、(0.78±0.13)g/cm2、5.80 cm3、(0.06±0.03)g/cm3、(5.19±1.40)cm3、(0.25±0.04)g/cm3、15.66 cm3、(21.74±3.43)cm3、(0.08±0.03)g/cm3、(34.27±6.09)cm3、(76.12±11.11)cm3,右侧分别为(0.52±0.10)g/cm2、(0.78±0.13)g/cm2、6.01 cm3、(0.06±0.02)g/cm3、(5.17±1.27)cm3、(0.25±0.04)g/cm3、15.62 cm3、(22.12±3.60)cm3、(0.09±0.03)g/cm3、(34.17±5.94)cm3、(76.53±10.71)cm3,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).左右两侧近段股骨QCT各相对应参数之间的r值范围在0.656～0.955,均具有相关性(P<0.05).QCT模拟DXA股骨颈和粗隆区BMD与真正DXA测量的相应值之间r值分别为0.685和0.855,具有相关性(P<0.05).结论 利用QCT技术可以对老年妇女近段股骨不同区域和不同成分的BMD和结构进行精确定量分析,QCT是骨质疏松研究中非常有用的测量技术.     

Five-year maintenance of bone mineral density in women master runners

PURPOSE: Prior research has suggested that chronic running may not prevent age-related bone loss in women and may inhibit the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally determine the effect of chronic running exercise alone, and in conjunction with HRT, on bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS: Forty-one women runners were tested an average of 4.8 yr apart, and separated into four groups according to their menstrual and HRT status at both test 1 and test 2. Measurements included BMD, body composition, and VO2(max), as well as training, menstrual, and nutritional histories. Factorial and one-way ANOVA were used for analysis. RESULTS: Group differences existed for body mass and body composition but did not change over time. Fitness and training variables were not different by group or time. Calcium intake did not differ between groups, but increased over time (829 +/- 310 vs 1058 +/- 468 mg.d (-1). BMD of the hip, spine, and whole body were different between groups but did not change significantly over time. Regression analysis revealed age as the only significant predictor of change in bone mass. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate no significant loss of bone mass over a 5-yr period in these chronic runners with relatively high calcium intakes regardless of menstrual or HRT status. Further, chronic running did not inhibit nor enhance the effect of HRT on bone in these women.     

Relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and breast density in women with normal breast tissue.

Breast density affects the mammographic detectability of breast cancer. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of breast density on the (18)F-FDG uptake of normal breast tissue. METHODS: The study population consisted of 45 women (median age, 54 y; age range, 42-77 y). All underwent whole-body (18)F-FDG PET for various indications other than breast cancer, and all underwent mammography within a mean of 6.6 +/- 4.9 mo of PET. On the basis of mammographic findings, breasts were categorized as extremely dense, heterogeneously dense, primarily fatty, or entirely fatty. Regions of interest were drawn on every PET image in which breast tissue was visualized. Average and peak standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated for the left and right breasts. RESULTS: Mammography showed that 20 of the 45 women had heterogeneously dense breasts, 1 had extremely dense breasts, 20 had primarily fatty breasts, and 4 had entirely fatty breasts. In dense breasts, the average SUV was 0.39 +/- 0.05 (right breast) and 0.36 +/- 0.07 (left breast) and the peak SUV was 0.93 +/- 0.16 and 0.89 +/- 0.18, respectively. The average and peak SUVs were significantly lower for primarily fatty breasts than for dense breasts (P < 0.01). Peak and average SUVs of entirely fatty breasts also differed significantly from peak and average SUVs of dense and primarily fatty breasts (P < 0.01). The impact of hormonal status on SUV was significant but less than the impact of breast density. No significant relationship between average SUV or peak SUV and age or serum glucose level was observed. CONCLUSION: Breast density and hormonal status affect the uptake of (18)F-FDG. Dense breasts exhibit, on average, significantly higher (18)F-FDG uptake than do nondense breasts. However, the highest peak SUV observed in dense breasts was 1.39, which is well below the SUV of 2.5 commonly used as a cutoff between benign and malignant tissue. Therefore, breast density is unlikely to affect the ability of (18)F-FDG PET to discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions.     

老年股骨颈骨折患者骨密度、骨形态计量学的研究

目的 研究老年股骨颈骨折患者骨密度（ｂｏｎｅ ｍｉｎｅｒａｌ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ,ＢＭＤ）骨微结构和骨转换的某些特点及其与骨折的关系。方法 对２０例６０岁以上、因轻中度创伤所致新鲜股骨颈骨折患者股骨近端ＢＭＤ及Ｗａｒｄ三角骨形态计量多项参数进行研究。结果 ３９％（７／１８）的患者ＢＭＤ的降低值〈２．５ｓ（标准差数）。形态计量学结果显示：（１）骨小梁之间连接少。（２）与正常参考值相比,在ＢＭＤ降低值〈２     

Relationship between body composition, body mass index and bone mineral density in a large population of normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic women

Purpose

The knowledge of factors modulating the behaviour of bone mass is crucial for preventing and treating osteoporotic disease; among these factors, body weight (BW) has been shown to be of primary importance in postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, the relative effects of body composition indices are still being debated. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI), fat and lean mass and bone mineral density (BMD) in a large population of women. Moreover, this study represents a first important report on reference standard values for body composition in Italian women.

Materials and methods

Between 2005 and 2008, weight and height of 6,249 Italian women (aged 30?C80 years) were measured and BMI was calculated; furthermore BMD, bone mineral content, fat and lean mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Individuals were divided into five groups by decades (group 1, 30.0?C39.9; group 2, 40.0?C49.9; group 3, 50.0?C59.9; group 4, 60.0?C69.9; group 5, 70.0?C79.9). Differences among decades for all variables were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni test by the SPSS programme.

Results

Mean BW was 66.8±12.1 kg, mean height 159.1±6.3 cm and mean BMI 26.4±4.7 kg/m². According to BW and BMI, there was an increase of obesity with age, especially in women older than 50 years (p<0.001). Lean mass increased until 50 years of age but significantly decreased after this age (p<0.001). The percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the examined population was 43.0% and 16.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our data show that obesity significantly decreased the risk for osteoporosis but did not decrease the risk for osteopenia. It is strongly recommended that a strong policy regarding prevention of osteopenia and osteoporosis be commenced. An overall examination of our results suggests that both fat and lean body mass can influence bone mass and that their relative effect on bone could be modulated by their absolute amount and ratio to total BW.     

Progressive high-intensity resistance training and bone mineral density changes among premenopausal women: evidence of discordant site-specific skeletal effects

Regular weight-bearing physical activity has been widely recommended for adult women and may be beneficial in preserving bone mineral density (BMD). However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of resistance training on BMD in premenopausal women.Novel systematic review and meta-analysis evidence is presented on the effects of progressive high-intensity resistance training on BMD in premenopausal women. Structured computer searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus and Evidence Based Medicine Reviews Multifile were undertaken along with hand-searching of key journals and reference lists to locate relevant studies published up to September 2004. Criteria for included studies were published controlled studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of progressive, high-intensity resistance training studies on BMD in premenopausal women. Two authors reached consensus on all included and excluded studies. Study outcomes for analysis were radiographic BMD assessment from first follow-up at lumbar spine and femoral neck. Primary outcomes for analysis were absolute changes in BMD g/cm(2) at lumbar spine and femoral neck. Relative changes (percentage change) in BMD at lumbar spine were also assessed. Data were extracted from studies including study design, participant characteristics and treatment mode, intensity and duration, using electronic data extraction forms. Where necessary, relevant information was obtained by contacting study authors. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using a well recognised three-question instrument designed to assess bias. Informal assessment for small sample study effects and potential bias was undertaken through visual inspection of funnel plots. The weighted mean difference method (inverse of the variances) was used for combining study group estimates. Quantification of the effect of heterogeneity among study outcomes was assessed using the I(2) statistic. Random effects and fixed-effect models were applied according to observed study heterogeneity. Comparisons resulting in I(2) > 50.0% were considered heterogeneous. Where heterogeneity was observed, a random effects model was applied. Pooled estimates of effect were calculated using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager (RevMan) 4.2.1 software.High-intensity progressive resistance training was shown to be efficacious in increasing absolute BMD at the lumbar spine (p < 0.00001) but not the femoral neck (p = 0.78) in premenopausal women. The weighted mean difference (WMD) using a fixed-effect model for six controlled trials investigating the lumbar spine BMD change was 0.014 g/cm(2) (95% CI 0.009, 0.019; p < 0.00001). The relative BMD change for this site was 0.98% (WMD [random effects], 95% CI 0.49, 3.91%; p = 0.04). In contrast, studies evaluating femoral neck BMD changes showed no significant BMD change (WMD [fixed effect], 0.001 g/cm(2) 95% CI -0.006, 0.008; p = 0.78). Funnel plot inspection of lumbar spine effects indicated that smaller studies demonstrated larger treatment effects. An asymmetry towards studies with positive BMD outcomes was also noted. The methodological quality score of all included studies was low and no study presented a valid intention-to-treat accounting for participant drop-out (attrition). As such, the modest overall treatment effects for resistance training on BMD among premenopausal women observed in this review may be biased and should be interpreted with caution.It is concluded that further RCTs of resistance training of sufficiently long duration and providing optimum type, intensity and volume of loading, with intention-to-treat analysis are now required.     

Strength training effects on bone mineral content and density in premenopausal women

PURPOSE: Mechanical loading, such as that seen with physical activity, is thought to be the primary factor influencing bone strength. Previous randomized studies that assessed the effect of strength training on bone in premenopausal women report inconsistent results. The analysis herein examines the effect of a strength training program following published guidelines (US Department of Health and Human Services) on bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral content (aBMD) in the proximal femur and lumbar spine in premenopausal women. METHODS: One hundred and forty-eight overweight, sedentary, premenopausal women aged 25-44 were randomized to progressive strength training (ST, n = 72) or standard care (CO, n = 76) for 2 yr. Measurements occurred at baseline, 1 yr, and 2 yr. Proximal femur and lumbar spine BMC and aBMD were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Intention-to-treat analyses were completed, and repeated-measures ANCOVA adjusted for baseline height and weight was used to assess the effect of strength training on bone. RESULTS: aBMD showed little change and did not differ between groups at any site. Femoral neck BMC showed a significant difference in the slopes between ST and CO (P = 0.04) with no change in the ST group and a 1.5% decrease in the CO. There were no significant between-group differences at any other measurement site. CONCLUSION: Strength training had no effect on aBMD after 2 yr of strength training. Femoral neck BMC decreased in CO and had no change in ST. Because there was no change in aBMD, strength training may have influenced bone size. Research to better understand changes in bone dimensions and geometry with strength training in premenopausal women is warranted.     

Study of optimal X-ray exposure conditions in consideration of bone mineral density: relation between bone mineral density and image contrast

Bone mineral density (BMD) increases through infancy and adolescence, reaching a maximum at 20-30 years of age. Thereafter, BMD gradually decreases with age in both sexes. The image contrast of radiographs of bones varies with the change in BMD owing to the changes in the X-ray absorption of bone. The image contrast of bone generally is higher in the young adult than in the older adult. To examine the relation between BMD and image visibility, we carried out the following experiments. (1) We measured the image contrast of radiographs of a lumbar vertebra phantom in which BMD was equivalent to the average BMD for each developmental period. (2) We examined image visibility at various levels of imaging contrast using the Howlett chart. The results indicated that differences in BMD affect the image contrast of radiographs, and, consequently, image visibility. It was also found that image visibility in the young adult was higher than that in the older adult. The findings showed that, in digital radiography of young adults with high BMD, X-ray exposure can be decreased according the ratio of improvement in image visibility.     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者身体成分与骨密度相关性分析

目的:探讨绝经后糖尿病(DM)患者身体成分与骨密度(BMD)的关系.方法:采用双能X线BMD检测仪对48例绝经后2型DM患者(DM组)和62例健康体检的绝经后非DM者(非DM组)进行腰椎(L1～L4)正位、左髋和全身BMD检测和身体成分检测,分析比较两组检测结果.结果:(1)两组间股骨、腰椎和全身BMD以及全身、躯干和左大腿组织成分均无显著差异.(2)在DM组,全身脂肪质量和肌肉质量、躯干脂肪质量均分别与腰椎、全身BMD明显正相关;全身肌肉质量、躯干和大腿的脂肪质量和肌肉质量均分别与股骨颈、全身BMD明显正相关.(3)在非DM组,全身脂肪和肌肉质量、躯干脂肪质量均分别与腰椎、股骨(Wards三角除外)和全身BMD呈显著正相关(P＜0.01～0.05);躯干肌肉质量仅与股骨大粗隆BMD呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:绝经后DM患者身体成分与BMD存在一定相关性,与绝经后非DM者相比有较多不同,其差异可能与糖尿病引起的代谢异常有关.