昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防食管癌术后化疗所致恶心、呕吐的效果观察

目的 比较昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防食管癌术后化疗所致恶心、呕吐的临床效果及安全性.方法 将60例食管癌术后患者随机分为昂丹司琼组、格拉司琼组和帕洛诺司琼组,各20例,均行顺铂等药物化疗,并分别给予昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防恶心、呕吐反应;观察3组患者恶心、呕吐的控制效果及不良反应.结果 昂丹司琼组、格拉司琼组和帕洛诺司琼组患者恶心、呕吐控制急性期有效率分别为55％、60％、75％,帕洛诺司琼组与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;延迟期有效率分别为40％、45％、75％,帕洛诺司琼组与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 帕洛诺司琼预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐效果较昂丹司琼、格拉司琼更优,安全性相似,且临床应用方便.     

格拉司琼和昂丹司琼治疗顺铂消化道反应的疗效观察及费用-效果分析

目的：考察国产格拉司琼和昂丹司琼对顺铂化疗恶性肿瘤虱所致恶心呕吐的控制效果及药物经济学。方法：以自身对照法考察34例患者两药止吐效果，并进行费用－效果分析。结果：两药止吐效果均安全、有效，有效率之间差异无显著性，但费用格拉司琼比昂丹司琼节省的2／3。结论：控制顺铂化疗恶性肿瘤患者所致恶心呕吐优选国产格拉司琼。     

5种预防化疗后呕吐方案的成本-效果比较

目的评价5种5 HT3受体拮抗药治疗顺铂化疗所致呕吐的成本 效果。方法采用循证医学方法,收集5种药物治疗呕吐的临床资料,应用药物经济学成本 效果分析方法进行分析。结果昂丹司琼治疗顺铂化疗后呕吐有效率为86.26%、格拉司琼有效率为91.28%、雷莫司琼有效率为84.23%、阿扎司琼有效率为93.16%、托烷司琼有效率为86.66%;上述5种药物治疗呕吐的成本 效果比分别为0.57,0.37,1.53,1.08,1.90。结论格拉司琼治疗顺铂化疗所致的呕吐是最理想的方案。     

穴位指针法联合静脉滴注昂丹司琼治疗化疗所致恶心、呕吐的效果观察

目的：观察穴位指针法联合静脉滴注昂丹司琼治疗化疗所致恶心、呕吐的效果。方法将240例肿瘤化疗患者随机分成两组,治疗组采用穴位指针法联合静脉滴注昂丹司琼,对照组单纯静脉滴注昂丹司琼,观察两组预防、减轻恶心、呕吐的效果。结果治疗组的有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论穴位指针法联合静脉滴注昂丹司琼治疗化疗所致恶心、呕吐的效果优于单纯静脉滴注昂丹司琼。     

肿瘤患者化疗中托烷司琼与格拉司琼止吐作用的疗效观察

目的:采用托烷司琼和格拉司琼预防肿瘤化疗引起的恶心呕吐,并对其疗效进行观察.方法:将90例恶性肿瘤患者随机分为托烷司琼组和格拉司琼组,每组45例,两组患者均首次接受化疗,观察两组患者恶心、呕吐的程度及治疗效果.结果:托烷司琼组对预防恶性肿瘤化疗所致恶心、呕吐总有效率为75.5%,格拉司琼组总有效率为71.1%,两组疗效基本相似,P>0.05.结论:在肿瘤化疗中,托烷司琼与格拉司琼止吐作用的疗效基本相似,托烷司琼每日用药1次,更为方便.     

标准二联止吐方案预防中致吐风险药物所致恶心呕吐的成本-效果分析

目的:对预防中致吐风险药物所致恶心呕吐的标准二联止吐方案进行经济学评价.方法:回顾性分析我院2018–2019年采用标准二联止吐方案预防中致吐风险药物所致恶心呕吐的住院患者资料,采用决策树模型,对使用昂丹司琼8 mg+地塞米松5 mg(A组)、格拉司琼3 mg+地塞米松5 mg(B组)、托烷司琼5 mg+地塞米松5 m...     

格拉司琼与昂丹司琼分别联合地塞米松和苯海拉明预防顺铂所致呕吐的疗效分析

目的探索更简便有效的预防顺铂化疗所致呕吐的方法。方法对78例接受顺铂化疗的患者,随机分为2组,比较国产格拉司琼与昂丹司琼分别联合地塞米松和苯海拉明预防顺铂所致呕吐的疗效和不良反应,并进行分析总结。结果2组药物都能有效预防顺铂所致的恶心、呕吐,其止吐效果相似,疗效差异无显著性意义,毒副作用小。格拉司琼组每天用药1次即可,而昂丹司琼组需每天用药2～3次。结论2组药物均可安全有效地预防顺铂所致的呕吐,而格拉司琼联合地塞米松和苯海拉明更简便有效,值得推广应用。     

5种方案治疗卵巢癌化疗所致呕吐的成本-效果分析

目的：比较5种止吐方案对预防卵巢癌化疗所致呕吐的药物经济学分析。方法：对200例接受化疗的卵巢癌患者分为5组,分别用阿扎司琼氯化钠注射液（A组）、盐酸昂丹司琼（B组）、托烷司琼氯化钠注射液（C组）、雷莫司琼（D组）、格拉司琼氯化钠注射液（E组）预防化疗所致呕吐,观察其疗效并进行成本-效果分析。结果：5组止吐有效率分别为90%、95%、95%、90%、85%,成本-效果比分别为7.08、6.88、6.89、2.64、3.12、;以E组为参照,A、B、C、D组的增量成本-效果比分别为74.4、38.9、39.0、-5.4。结论：D组是预防化疗所致呕吐方案中较为合理的方案。     

盐酸帕洛诺司琼在预防宫颈癌同步放化疗中恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的采用盐酸帕洛诺司琼、盐酸托烷司琼、盐酸昂丹司琼来预防宫颈癌同步放化疗引起的恶心、呕吐,并对其疗效进行观察。方法选择需要同步放化疗的宫颈癌患者60例,统一采用DF(DDP30mg·m-2第一天～第三天+5-FU500mg·m-2第一天～第五天)方案化疗,60例随机分为3组,分别给予国产盐酸帕洛诺司琼、盐酸托烷司琼、盐酸昂丹司琼,观察3种药物预防呕吐的效果。结果急性期防治呕吐的有效率帕洛诺司琼组为80.0%。托烷司琼组为70.0%,昂丹司琼组为60.0%;延迟期分别为65.0%,60.0%和55.0%,3种止吐药毒副反应均为便秘、腹泻及头痛,但程度较轻。结论盐酸帕洛诺司琼、盐酸托烷司琼、盐酸昂丹司琼是宫颈癌同步放化疗中DF方案化疗方案患者的有效止吐药,帕洛诺司琼疗效最强,3种药物不良反应轻,病人可耐受,且安全性好。     

利多卡因局部麻醉和异丙酚静脉麻醉用于无痛人流的临床观察

目的:探讨昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、托烷司琼对预防肝癌患者介入治疗后引起的恶心、呕吐的疗效.方法:将120例行介入治疗的患者(为原发性肝癌),随机分为4组,每组30例.A组(对照组),甲氧氯普胺40mg;B组,昂丹司琼8 mg;C组,格拉司琼3 mg;D组,托烷司琼5 mg.在介入治疗术中未灌注化疗药物前,通过导管向动脉内注射止吐药物.观察并记录4组患者术后的恶心、呕吐等不良反应,采用补救药物的病例数.恶心的严重程度,病人对止吐药物的满意度.结果:B、C、D组恶心、呕吐的发生率小于A组(P＜0.05),再次接受止吐药物的病人的百分率小于A组,D组的止吐疗效明显高于另外3组,比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);其不良反应发生次数也明显少于另外3组.结论:3种5-HT3受体拮抗剂对介入化疗栓塞术患者是有效的止吐药物,在肝癌介入治疗时,托烷司琼防止呕吐是一个更好的选择.     

托烷司琼预防肺癌化疗所致恶心及呕吐的疗效

目的 :观察托烷司琼预防肺癌化疗所致恶心及呕吐的疗效。方法 :对 1 2 0例接受含顺铂的联合化疗方案的肺癌病人 ,采用随机分组法分为甲、乙2组 ,并采用自身对照法 ,分别观察了甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)和托烷司琼 (tropisetron) ,格拉司琼 (granisetron) 3mg和托烷司琼 5mg的疗效和不良反应。结果 :托烷司琼预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐明显优于甲氧氯普胺 ,甲氧氯普胺和托烷司琼对恶心和呕吐有效率分别为 2 7% ,2 3 %和 95 % ,93 % ;但格拉司琼和托烷司琼两者间无明显差异 ,有效率分别为 93 % ,95 %和 97% ,92 % ;副作用均较小。结论 :托烷司琼是肺癌化疗的良好止吐药之一 ,安全且价廉 ,可推广。     

Ramosetron,a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the control of nausea and vomiting

Ramosetron is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with an affinity higher than that of the previously available drugs ondansetron, granisetron and tropisetron. Ramosetron was shown in pharmacological assays to inhibit activities mediated by 5-HT3 receptors, such as emesis caused by cisplatin. In clinical trials, ramostreon was at least as effective as the reference "setrons" against nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy or surgical interventions, but the efficacy was well maintained during a 48-h period, so that efficacy was significantly higher with ramosetron in terms of nausea and vomiting 6-48 h after treatment. Hence, ramosetron represents a good alternative over previously available drugs for the prophylaxis and treatment of chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Data in children also support the efficacy of ramosetron, which is well tolerated by both child and adult patients.     

Efficacy,safety and effectiveness of ondansetron compared to other serotonin-3 receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) used to control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are adverse effects responsible for worsening quality of life in cancer patients. To assess the efficacy, safety and effectiveness of serotonin receptor antagonist in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, comparing ondansetron with granisetron, dolasetron, tropisetron and palonosetron.

Areas covered: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were collected using CINAHL; CENTRAL; MEDLINE/PubMed; and LILACS databases; grey literature; and manual search. The methodological quality was assessed using the modified Jadad scale; Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized clinical trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The search was completed in November, 2015. 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Ondansetron exhibited similar efficacy than granisetron and tropisetron, as well as greater efficacy than dolasetron for acute vomiting. Palonosetron exhibited greater efficacy than ondansetron for delayed nausea and acute and delayed vomiting. The comparison of granisetron with ondansetron in the cohort studies showed no difference.

Expert commentary: In this review, palonosetron had increased efficiency compared with ondansetron, except in the subgroup analysis and acute nausea. Few cohort studies have been published addressing this topic.     

含服生姜片联合托烷司琼预防顺铂所致恶心呕吐的研究

目的：探讨含服生姜片联合托烷司琼预防顺铂所致的恶心呕吐的效果。方法将100例含顺铂标准化疗的患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组使用托烷司琼静脉滴注预防恶心呕吐,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合采用生姜片含服,观察比较两组病人恶心呕吐情况。结果观察组化疗后恶心呕吐发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论含服生姜片联合托烷司琼能缓解顺铂化疗后引起的恶心呕吐,止吐效果显著。     

Tropisetron: an update of its use in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Tropisetron is a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) antagonist that is primarily used in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Antagonism of 5-HT3 binding sites in the peripheral and central nervous system is the probable mechanism of prevention of acute nausea and vomiting. Effects on delayed nausea and vomiting are less well understood as these are probably not mediated solely by 5-HT3 receptors. Tropisetron monotherapy is effective for the control of acute, and to a lesser extent delayed, nausea and vomiting in patients receiving moderately to severely emetogenic chemotherapy. The combination of dexamethasone and tropisetron is more effective than monotherapy. Complete control of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting was obtained in 69 to 97% of patients receiving the combination compared with 46 to 80% receiving tropisetron monotherapy in randomised trials. There were generally no significant differences between the control of acute or delayed nausea and vomiting provided by tropisetron, ondansetron or granisetron in randomised, comparative trials. The antiemetic efficacy of tropisetron was maintained over multiple cycles of chemotherapy. Most comparative studies showed tropisetron monotherapy to be more effective than metoclopramide in controlling acute nausea and vomiting, with the exception of 1 study which showed similar efficacy. However, high dose metoclopramide plus dexamethasone provided similar control of delayed emesis to tropisetron plus dexamethasone. Tropisetron is also effective in children, including those who responded poorly to previous antiemetic treatment. Tropisetron and ondansetron generally have similar efficacies in this population. The drug enhanced patients' quality of life and was well tolerated by adults and children alike. The recommended oral and IV dosage of tropisetron is 5 mg once daily; there is no increase in efficacy with doses >5 mg. CONCLUSIONS: Tropisetron is similar to other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in both adults and children. It is suitable as first-line therapy (combined with a corticosteroid) for the prevention of acute nausea and vomiting in patients treated with moderately to severely emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents. This combination is also moderately effective in the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting.     

格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防化疗后恶心、呕吐的成本-效果分析

目的 :比较格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防化疗后恶心呕吐的疗效、不良反应及成本 -效果。方法 :以相关疗效指标及药物经济学成本 -效果分析法进行评价 ,观察药物不良反应。结果 :格拉司琼预防化疗后恶心、呕吐的有效率分别为83 6 %和86 8 %,每化疗周期人均费用为210 48元 ,成本 -效果比分别为251 77和242 37 ;恩丹西酮的有效率分别为72 9 %和83 7 %,每化疗周期人均费用为381 35元 ,成本 -效果比分别为523 11和456 62。两组患者均未发现不良反应。结论 :格拉司琼能有效地预防化疗后的恶心、呕吐 ,成本 -效果比优于恩丹西酮。     

赛格恩预防CHOP方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤致胃肠道反应分析

目的:观察赛格恩(国产盐酸托烷司琼注射液)防治非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效.方法:34例病人随机分为A组和B组.A组:化疗前20分钟赛格恩5 mg,静脉推注;B组:化疗前20分钟,苯海拉明20 mg,肌肉注射,化疗后4小时、8小时,胃复安20 mg,肌肉注射.结果:A组预防恶心有效率显著高于B组(88.2%vs 67.6%,P＜.05),预防呕吐有效率亦高于胃复安组(91.1%vs 70.6%,P＜0.05).赛格恩的主要不良反应包括便秘、头痛等,病人均能耐受.结论:赛格恩能较好的防治化疗所致恶心、呕吐.     

格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防化疗后恶心、呕吐的成本-效果分析

目的比较格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防化疗后恶心呕吐的疗效、不良反应及成本-效果.方法以相关疗效指标及药物经济学成本-效果分析法进行评价,观察药物不良反应.结果格拉司琼预防化疗后恶心、呕吐的有效率分别为83.6%和86.8%,每化疗周期人均费用为210.48元,成本-效果比分别为251.77和242.37;恩丹西酮的有效率分别为72.9%和83.7%,每化疗周期人均费用为381.35元,成本-效果比分别为523.11和456.62.两组患者均未发现不良反应.结论格拉司琼能有效地预防化疗后的恶心、呕吐,成本-效果比优于恩丹西酮.