苦瓜中新化合物的化学研究

目的 研究苦瓜的新活性成分.方法 采用乙醇提取、微波萃取、D-101型大孔树脂纯化、硅胶柱色谱以及制备液相色谱等方法分离,通过理化常数及光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果 分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为charantadiol A(5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23(E),25(26)-triene-3β,19(R)-diol,Ⅰ)、(+)-eduesmin(Ⅱ),blueme-nol A(Ⅲ)、宽叶葱苷元D(karatavilagenin D.Ⅳ)、5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β-19,23-triol(Ⅴ)、苦瓜皂苷元Ⅰ(5,19-epoxy-5β-cucurbita-6,23(E)-diene-3β,25-diol,Ⅵ)、苦瓜皂苷L昔元(aglycone of momordicoside L,3β,7β,25-trihydroxy-cucurbita-5,23(E)-diene-19-al,Ⅶ)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅷ ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,命名为苦瓜二醇A(charantadiol A),化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ为从苦瓜中首次分离得到.     

Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from Momordica charantia

Five new cucurbitane-type triterpenes, (23E)-25-methoxycucurbit-23-ene-3beta,7beta-diol (1), (23E)-cucurbita-5,23,25-triene-3beta,7beta-diol (2), (23E)-25-hydroxycucurbita-5,23-diene-3,7-dione (3), (23E)-cucurbita-5,23,25-triene-3,7-dione (4), and (23E)-5beta,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3beta,25-diol (5), together with one known triterpene, (23E)-5beta,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3beta-ol (6), have been isolated from the methanol extract of the stems of Momordica charantia. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.     

苦瓜子蛋白分离纯化及其理化性质鉴定

目的建立苦瓜子蛋白分离纯化的方法。方法应用阳离子交换色谱和凝胶过滤色谱Hiprep16/10SOURCE30S和HiLoad26/60Superdex75预装柱从苦瓜种仁中分离纯化苦瓜子蛋白。结果分离纯化出14个组分的苦瓜子蛋白,它们均为碱性蛋白质,相对分子质量在(1.3~2.9)×104,等电点在9.3~9.6。结论应用本法能获得供生物活性研究用苦瓜子蛋白组分。     

Extra-pancreatic effects of Momordica charantia in rats

The extra pancreatic effects of the oral hypoglycaemic plant Momordica charantia have been investigated in rats. It was found that the fruit juice of this plant caused an increased glucose uptake by tissues in vitro without concomitant increase of tissue respiration. Oral treatment with the juice prior to a glucose load was found to increase the glycogen content of liver and muscle while it had no effect on the triglyceride content of adipose tissue. Pretreatment of fasted rats with M. charantia fruit juice had no significant effect on the gluconeogenic capacity of kidney slices. Similar results were obtained with kidney slices pre-incubated with M. charantia fruit juice.     

苦瓜中新葫芦烷型皂苷的研究

目的研究苦瓜的化学成分。方法采用乙醇提取、大孔吸附树脂纯化和硅胶柱色谱分离,通过光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从苦瓜中分离并鉴定了2对异构体。经13C-NMR光谱分析,其中一对异构体的化学结构初步确定为19R-5β,19环氧葫芦烷-6,23,25-三烯-3β,19-二醇(Ⅰa)和19S-5β,19环氧葫芦烷-6,23,25-三烯-3β,19-二醇(Ⅰb);另一对异构体的化学结构确定为5β,19环氧葫芦烷-6,23,25-三烯-3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱa)和5β,19环氧葫芦烷-6,23,25-三烯-3-O-阿洛吡喃糖苷(Ⅱb)。结论化合物Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa、Ⅱb均为首次从苦瓜中分离得到的新化合物。     

苦瓜的研究进展

综述了近年来有关苦瓜的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用的研究进展。     

Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica charantia

The structures of three new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids isolated from the methanol extract of the fruit of Japanese Momordica charantia were established as (19R,23E)-5beta,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3beta-ol (1), (23E)-3beta-hydroxy-7beta-methoxycucurbita-5,23,25-trien-19-al (2), and (23E)-3beta-hydroxy-7beta,25-dimethoxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (3) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. These compounds were accompanied by the known (19R,23E)-5beta,19-epoxy-19,25-dimethoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3beta-ol (4) and (19R,23E)-5beta,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3beta,25-diol (5). This is the first report of the isolation of tetracyclic triterpenoids possessing a delta23,25-conjugated diene system, viz., 1 and 2, from a natural source.     

Antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts from Momordica charantia

Momordica charantia (L.) (Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as bitter gourd or karela is a medicinal plant, used in Ayurveda for treating various diseases, one of which is diabetes mellitus. In this study, various extract powders of the fresh and dried whole fruits were prepared and their blood glucose lowering effect compared by administrating them orally to diabetic rats. The aqueous extract powder of fresh unripe whole fruits at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight was found to reduce fasting blood glucose by 48%, an effect comparable to that of glibenclamide, a known synthetic drug. This extract was tested for nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT and lipid profile. The extract did not show any signs of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as judged by histological and biochemical parameters. Thus the aqueous extract powder of Momordica charantia, an edible vegetable, appears to be a safe alternative to reducing blood glucose.     

苦瓜水溶性部位化学成分的研究

目的为揭示苦瓜M om ord ica charantia生理活性的化学物质基础,对其水溶性部位的化学成分进行了研究。方法经聚酰胺、大孔树脂、硅胶、RP-18和Sephadex LH-20反复柱色谱分得并通过波谱分析鉴定了7个化合物。结果分别为:1,2,3,4-四氢-1-甲基-β-咔啉-3-羧酸(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-m ethy l--βcarbo line-3-carboxy licac id,Ⅰ)、腺苷(adenos ine,Ⅱ)、核黄素(riboflav ine,Ⅲ)、苦瓜苷A(m om ord icos ide A,Ⅳ)、苯丙氨酸(pheny la lan ine,Ⅴ)、甘露醇(m ann ito l,Ⅵ)、对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖酯[1-(4-(hydroxybenzoy l)g lucose,Ⅶ]。结论化合物Ⅰ~Ⅲ及Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分得。化合物Ⅱ具有抗心率失常和心脏镇静活性。     

苦瓜的化学成分研究

为寻找降糖活性成分,利用多种层析技术,从苦瓜Ｍｏｍｏｒｄｉｃａ ｃｈａｒａｎｔｉａ果实的醇提物中分得５个化合物。根据包括２Ｄ－ＮＭＲ在内的各种光谱数据,分别鉴定为：苦瓜脑苷（ｍｏｍｏｒ－ｃｅｒｅｂｒｏｓｉｄｅ,Ⅰ）、大豆脑苷Ⅰ（ｓｏｙａ－ｃｅｒｅｂｒｏｓｉｄｅⅠ,Ⅱ）、苦瓜亭（ｃｈａｒａｎｔｉｎ,Ⅲ）、尿嘧啶（ｕｒａｃｉｌ,Ⅳ）及β－谷甾醇。其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ为本属中首次分得;化合物Ⅲ为文献报道的降     

苦瓜中植物蛋白的研究概况

苦瓜是常见的蔬菜,也有着广泛的药用价值。其中蛋白类成见是极具特色的活性成分,总结了苦瓜中植物蛋白的研究概况。     

A New Cucurbitane Triterpene in Acid-treated Ethanol Extract from Momordica charantia

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the acid-hydrolyzed ethanol extract from Momordica charantia.Methods The ethanol extract from M.charantia was hydrolyzed by 36%HCl and the hydrolysate was isolated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC.The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectral analyses,physical constants,and chemical evidences.Results Two cucurbitane triterpenoids were isolated and identified as 5β,19-epoxy-cucurbita-6,22E,24-trien-3β-ol(1)and cucurbita-6,22(E),24-trien-3β-ol-19,5β-olide(2).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.     

Effect of Momordica charantia fruit juice on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

The oral hypoglycaemic activity of Momordica charantia fruit juice was investigated in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Oral administration of the juice (10 ml/kg for 30 days) did not show a significant effect, either acute or cumulative, on the ability to tolerate an external glucose load. The glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations were significantly elevated in both juice-treated and untreated diabetic rats and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Viable beta-cells capable of secreting insulin upon stimulation appear to be required for M. charantia to exert its oral hypoglycaemic activity.     

苦瓜化学成分的研究进展

系统回顾了近40年来苦瓜化学成分研究概况,着重介绍了国内外苦瓜中三萜、甾体及多肽等具显著生理活性的化学成分研究进展。苦瓜含有三萜、甾体类、生物碱、蛋白、有机酸及糖类等多种活性化学成分,具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗病毒及抗生育等多种药理活性。     

Metabolomics Reveals that Momordica charantia Attenuates Metabolic Changes in Experimental Obesity

Momordica charantia L., also known as bitter melon, has been shown to ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance. However, metabolic changes regulated by M. charantia in obesity are not clearly understood. In this study, serums obtained from obese and M. charantia‐treated mice were analyzed by using gas and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical analysis was performed by Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The results from this study indicated that body weight fat and insulin levels of obese mice are dramatically suppressed by 8 weeks of dietary supplementation of M. charantia. Metabolomic data revealed that overproductions of energy and nutrient metabolism in obese mice were restored by M. charantia treatment. The antiinflammatory and inhibition of insulin resistance effect of M. charantia in obesity was illustrated with the restoration of free fatty acids and eicosanoids. The findings achieved in this study further strengthen the therapeutic value of using M. charantia to treat obesity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南瓜和苦瓜的生药鉴定

目的 为南瓜和苦瓜的鉴定和开发利用提供科学依据。方法 显微鉴定和理化鉴定。结果 南瓜和苦瓜均有明显的显微和理化鉴别特征。结论 这些特征可作为南瓜和苦瓜鉴别的根据。     

苦瓜化学成分研究进展

依据国内外近20年的文献报道,对苦瓜中化学成分的提取分离方法、来源及结构类型等进行了综述,对其进一步的开发利用提供参考.     

苦瓜中皂(甾)苷类化学成分的研究

依据国内外20年的文献报道,对苦瓜中皂(甾)苷类化学成分的来源、提取分离方法、结构类型以及13C-NMR光谱等研究进行了综述,对其进一步的开发利用提供参考。