葛极素注射液治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的：观察葛根素注射治疗不稳定心绞痛（ＵＡＰ）的临床疗效。方法：７４例ＵＡＰ患者随机分为２组。葛根素组（３８例）在对照组（３６例）西药常规治疗的基础上,用加用葛根素注射液静滴。２个疗程后,分别观察２组患者治疗前的心绞痛发作频率及硝酸甘油用量的变化;检测静息心电图和血液流变学指标。结果：葛根素组在缓解心绞痛总有效率（８９．５％）、心绞痛被控制所需时间（平均５．６日）,改善异常心电图及备注 变学指标、     

参麦注射液合小剂量尿激酶治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的：探讨参麦注射液合小剂量尿激酶（ Ｕ Ｋ）治疗不稳定型心绞痛（ Ｕ Ａ Ｐ）的疗效。方法：７８ 例 Ｕ Ａ Ｐ患者随机分为２ 组。治疗组４０ 例用参麦注射液４０ ｍ ｌ加 ５％ 葡萄糖２５０ ｍ ｌ静滴合用小剂量 Ｕ Ｋ（２０～３０）×１０４ Ｕ／ｄ静滴,对照组３８ 例单用 Ｕ Ｋ ５０×１０４ Ｕ／ｄ,静滴。观察２ 组疗效。结果：治疗组与对照组疗效均较好（ Ｐ＞００５）。治疗组胸痛症状和心电图疗效总有效率分别为９２５％ 和 ９００％ ,与对照组（分别为８９５％ 和８９５％ ）比较均无显著性差异, Ｐ 均＞ ００５。结论：参麦注射液合小剂量 Ｕ Ｋ 治疗 Ｕ Ａ Ｐ疗效显著,且能避免因 Ｕ Ｋ 剂量偏大所致不良反应的发生。     

大蒜素注射液治疗急性脑梗死101例临床研究

目的：探讨大蒜素注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及作用机制。方法：１５４ 例急性脑梗死患者随机分为２ 组。大蒜素组采用大蒜素注射液６０ ｍ ｇ 加５％ 葡萄糖５００ ｍ ｌ静滴,川芎嗪组采用川芎嗪注射液８０ ｍ ｇ 加５％葡萄糖５００ ｍ ｌ静滴,均每日１ 次,２ 周为１ 个疗程。此外,２ 组均给予对症治疗,观察疗效,并检测丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、血液流变性、白细胞流变性、脑血流量等指标,并与正常人作比较。结果：治疗２ 周时,大蒜素组总有效率（７７２３％ ）显著高于川芎嗪组（６２２６％ ,Ｐ＜ ００５）;治疗２ 周及４ 周后,大蒜素组神经功能缺损评分减少和神经功能改善均优于川芎嗪组。急性脑梗死患者血清ＭＤＡ 含量较正常对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜ ００１）;治疗３周时,大蒜素组ＭＤＡ含量较川芎嗪组明显降低（Ｐ＜ ００１）。大蒜素注射液还可明显改善急性脑梗死患者的白细胞滤过指数、血液流变学及脑血流指标。结论：大蒜素注射液在改善血液流变性、增加脑血流量的同时,又可清除自由基,改善脑功能,减轻急性脑梗死时缺血 再灌注损伤;用于治疗急性脑梗死疗效优于川芎嗪注射液     

三七总皂甙注射液治疗肺源性心脏病急性发作期心力衰竭疗效观察

目的：观察三七总皂甙注射液联用西药治疗肺源性心脏病（肺心病）急性发作期心力衰竭（心衰）的疗效。方法：６０ 例患者随机分为２ 组,每组３０ 例。对照组给予吸氧、抗生素、氨茶碱、利尿剂和地塞米松等治疗;治疗组除以上治疗外加用三七总皂甙注射液６００ ｍ ｇ 加入５％ 葡萄糖或生理盐水中静滴,每日１ 次,２ 组均连续用药１５ 日后评定疗效、心功能和血气分析。结果：治疗组显效率（５６７％ ）、总有效率（９３３％ ）显著高于对照组（分别为３６７％ 和７６７％ , Ｐ＜ ００１ 和 Ｐ＜ ００５）。治疗组治疗后肺动脉平均压（ Ｐ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ）、肺血管阻力（ Ｐ Ｖ Ｒ）、总外周血管阻力（ Ｔ Ｐ Ｒ）、 Ｐａ Ｏ２ 和动脉血氧饱和度（ Ｓａ Ｏ２）的改善明显优于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００５ 或 Ｐ＜ ００１）。结论：三七总皂甙注射液与西药合用治疗肺心病急性发作期心衰比单用西药治疗更加有效和安全。     

双黄连粉针合尼可林治疗脑卒中疗效观察

目的：观察双黄连粉针合用尼可林治疗脑卒中的疗效。方法：１９７ 例脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组１４７例和对照组５０ 例,治疗组采用双黄连粉针３６ ｇ／ｄ 合尼可林０７５ ｇ／ｄ 静滴,对照组用尼可林０７５ ｇ／ｄ 静滴,２组其他常规治疗相同。结果：治疗组总有效率９３９％ ,对照组总有效率为８２０％ ,２ 组比较有显著性差异（χ２＝６３４,Ｐ＜ ００５）。治疗组患者的血液流变学指标较对照组有更为明显的改善,发热患者的退热时间也明显缩短（χ２＝ １１７１,Ｐ＜ ０００５）。结论：双黄连粉针合尼可林治疗脑卒中疗效显著,且可明显改善患者的血液流变学指标,缩短发热患者的退热时间,值得临床推广。     

联用黄芪注射液和低分子肝素钠治疗不稳定型心绞痛68例

１９９６年３月～１９９８年１０月，我们采用静滴黄芪注射液并皮下注射低分子肝素钠治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）不稳定型心绞痛（ＵＡＰ）取得较满意的疗效。报告如下。１　病例与方法１１　病例：１２８例ＵＡＰ患者诊断及分型符合文献〔１〕标准，随机分为黄芪治疗组（治疗组）和西药治疗组（对照组）。治疗组６８例中男３９例，女２９例；年龄４１～６８岁，平均（５２５±６２）岁；初发型劳累性心绞痛３２例，恶化型劳累性心绞痛２８例，自发性心绞痛８例。对照组６０例中男４２例，女１８例；年龄４２～７１岁，平…     

联用心通口服液与硝酸异山梨醇酯治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病心绞痛疗效观察

目的：探讨联用中药心通口服液与西药硝酸异山梨醇酯治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）心绞痛的疗效。方法：将６８ 例冠心病心绞痛患者随机分为２ 组。治疗组（３６ 例）用中药心通口服液与西药硝酸异山梨醇酯治疗,对照组（３２ 例）单用硝酸异山梨醇酯治疗;药物剂量：心通口服液１０ ｍ ｌ,硝酸异山梨醇酯１０ ｍ ｇ,均为每日３ 次口服,３ 周为１ 个疗程。结果：治疗组及对照组临床症状改善总有效率分别为８８９％ 及６１８％ ,有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ００５）;心电图改善总有效率分别为８０６％ 及５３１％ ,亦有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ００５）。结论：心通口服液与硝酸异山梨醇酯合用治疗冠心病心绞痛对心绞痛症状及心电图的心肌缺血改善均优于单用硝酸异山梨醇酯。     

胰岛素治疗高血压动脉硬化性脑梗死的实验研究

目的：观察胰岛素（ Ｉｎｓ）对高血压动脉硬化大鼠脑梗死的疗效。方法：５０ 只肾血管性高血压大鼠（ Ｒ Ｈ Ｒ）复制成大脑中动脉闭塞（ Ｍ Ｃ Ａｏ）模型,随机分４ 组： Ａ 组１２ 只（ Ｉｎｓ ２１ Ｕ／ｋｇ）, Ｂ组１２ 只〔 Ｉｎｓ ２１ Ｕ／ｋｇ＋ ５０％ 葡萄糖（２ ｇ／ｋｇ）〕, Ｃ组 １２ 只〔 Ｉｎｓ ４５ Ｕ／ｋｇ＋ ５０％ 葡萄糖（４ ｇ／ｋｇ）〕和 Ｄ组 １４ 只（生理盐水 ４ ｍ ｌ／ｋｇ）。各组均于 Ｍ Ｃ Ａｏ 后即注射胰岛素, Ｍ Ｃ Ａｏ 后 ４ 小时和２４ 小时检查神经功能,２４ 小时处死大鼠取脑,测大脑体积和梗死灶体积。结果： Ａ 组的血糖较其他组有统计学意义的下降（ Ｐ均＜ ００１）, Ｃ组的神经功能障碍评级、梗死灶体积及其与大脑体积的百分比的减少都有统计学意义（ Ｐ 均＜ ００１）, Ａ、 Ｂ、 Ｄ组间比较则无差异（ Ｐ 均＞００５）。结论：胰岛素对缺血脑组织具有不依赖于其降糖作用的直接保护作用, Ｒ Ｈ Ｒ Ｍ Ｃ Ａｏ 后注射胰岛素在较高剂量时才显示疗效,这可能与高血压致脑血管发生病变有关。     

中西医结合治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的：探索不稳定型心绞痛（ＵＡ）的有效治疗方法。方法：以中西医结合（祛瘀宁心丸１号加西药）治疗ＵＡ患者４２例（治疗组），西医治疗４１例（对照组）作临床对比观察。结果：治疗组４２例的临床症状总有效率为９７．６％，心电图改善总有效率为７６．２％；对照组则分别为６３．４％和５１．２％。治疗组临床症状及心电图改善总有效率均高于对照组（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。结论：祛瘀宁心丸１号有扩张冠状动脉、改善血液循环、降低心脏前后负荷、调节血脂、改善血液流变学等作用。中西医结合治疗可有效地控制ＵＡ，降低ＵＡ的急性心肌梗塞发生率     

葛根素联合血塞痛注射液对不稳定性心绞痛患者的疗效分析

目的探讨葛根素联合血塞痛注射液对不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）患者的疗效。方法将60例心绞痛患者随机分成2组,治疗组与对照组各30例。对照组采用西医常规处理,包括静脉滴注含镁极化液、阿司匹林、吸氧等治疗。治疗组在常规处理基础上用葛根素300mg＋5％葡萄糖注射液250ml联合血塞痛注射液500mg＋5％葡萄糖注射液250ml静脉滴注。连用15d,观察临床疗效：用药前后心绞痛症状、硝酸甘油用量;心电图改善情况;血液流变学结果。结果治疗组与对照组在心绞痛控制、心电图、血液流变学指标方面均具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论葛根素联合血塞痛注射液可明显改善UAP患者的痒状．治疗UAP患者疗效好。     

Effect of sevoflurane on P50 and on measurement of oxygen tension

Fresh samples of heparinized human blood from 10 healthy nonsmoking volunteers were used to study the effect of the inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane on the oxygen half-saturation pressure of hemoglobin (P₅₀) and on polarographic measurements of oxygen tension at low values. Control samples had a baseline P₅₀ of 26.9±0.2 mm Hg. When the blood samples were exposed to 1.75% (1 minimum alveolar concentration, MAC), 2.75%, and 3.5% (2 MAC) of sevoflurane, the P₅₀ values were 27.0±0.5 mm Hg, 27.1±0.4 mm Hg, and 26.9±0.5 mm Hg, respectively. Our present data show that 1 to 2 MAC sevoflurane has no significant effect on P₅₀ (P>0.05). Our data also show that sevoflurane did not interfere with polarographic measurements of oxygen tension (P>0.05). Other inhaled agents—halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane—do interfere with these measurements, and we cannot explain the difference.Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Atlanta, GA, October 1987.     

糖尿病患者对糖尿病眼部并发症的认知与需求调查

目的 调查糖尿病患者对眼部并发症的知识、态度、行为及其需求.方法采用自设问卷,对58例有眼病及51例无眼病的门诊糖尿患者进行调查.结果 50%以上的患者对糖尿病眼病的危险因素认识不足;80%以上认为糖尿病患者需要定期进行眼科检查;无眼病组患者中,82.4%出现过一种或几种眼部症状,且近10%经常出现症状,但52.4%的患者不做任何处理;80%以上的患者希望获得糖尿病眼病的相关知识.其现有知识和希望获得途径均为眼科医生、媒体、内科医生、其他糖尿病患者等,从护上获得知识的比例非常低.结论多数糖尿病患者对糖尿病眼病的危险因素认识不足,未形成良好的定期眼科检查的保健行为,今后需加强内科医生、护士在糖尿病眼病健康宣教中的作用.     

患者中心疗法对2型糖尿病患者心理行为的影响

目的 探讨患者中心疗法对糖尿病患者心理状况及行为的影响.方法 将60例糖尿病患者随机分为对照组(30例)和干预组(30例),对干预组进行患者中心疗法干预,干预前后用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和糖尿病患者行为评估表对两组患者心理状况和行为状态进行评定.结果 干预前两组患者在SCL-90量表各因子上得分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后两组比较,躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等因子均统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后两组患者在不良饮食习惯纠正、戒酒、复查时间的掌握及在血糖控制、坚持运动锻炼、戒烟方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),按时服用降精药物或注射胰岛素无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 患者中心疗法对提高糖尿病患者的心理健康水平,增加其健康行为有积极的作用.     

行为治疗对住院青少年品行障碍的效果研究

目的 研究行为治疗(军训+成长教育)对青少年品行障碍的疗效.方法 采用随机分组对照研究的方法,将住院的87例青少年品行障碍患者分为研究组和对照组,2组在药物治疗的基础上,研究组采用行为治疗(军训+成长教育),并于入院1周及12周用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)进行评定,对评定结果进行统计学处理.结果研究组与对照组行为治疗12周后CBCL评分分别为焦虑强迫(13.46±3.28),(18.41±4.26);分裂样(8.65±3.34),(12.57±3.28);抑郁退缩(11.87±3.21),(14.85±3.55);不成熟(8.62±3.67),(15.74±2.21);违纪(9.23±2.41),(15.62±2.51);攻击性(15.24±3.62),(26.54±3.11);多动(7.16±3.32),(11.89±2.65).两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01);研究组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论行为治疗(军训+成长教育)是治疗青少年品行障碍的行之有效的方法.     

The theoretical effect of carboxyhemoglobin on the pulse oximeter

The relationship between arterial oxygen saturation as measured by the pulse oximeter (SpO₂) and the fractional arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) in the presence and absence of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) has been derived according to the theory of absorption spectroscopy. We find that our theoretically derived correction equation is similar to that found in the technical literature of Nellcor. However, the correction equations presented by Barker and Tremper and the technical literature of Ohmeda differ substantially from our equation when sufficient quantities of reduced hemoglobin are present and the fractional COHb saturation (SaCO) is high. Our approximated equation, derived from the Lambert-Beer law, is SaO₂=SpO₂(1–0.932 SaCO)+0.032 SaCO. The equation of Barker and Tremper is SaO₂=SpO₂–0.9 SaCO. The Nellcor equation is SaO₂=SpO₂(1–SaCO).     

Pneumatosis Intestinalis With a Focus on Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare condition of air in the bowel wall. Pneumatosis intestinalis is most often secondary to another medical condition. The diagnosis is most often made radiologically with a computed tomography scan. The disease severity ranges from benign to life-threatening. Predictors of poor outcomes include pH less than 7.3, bicarbonate level of less than 20 mEq/L, lactate level of more than 2 mmol/L, amylase level of more than 200 U/L, and portal venous gas on imaging. Early recognition of life-threatening signs and symptoms is critical. Treatment options include bowel rest, antibiotics, surgery, and, more recently, the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is extremely safe, with no reported complications in the literature when used for pneumatosis intestinalis. When surgery is not emergently needed, symptomatic pneumatosis intestinalis can be safely treated with hyperbaric oxygen with a high likelihood of success without any considerable adverse effects.     

A neuromuscular monitoring system based on a personal computer

We have developed a computerized neuromuscular monitoring system (NMMS) using commercially available subsystems, i.e., computer equipment, clinical nerve stimulator, force transducer, and strip-chart recorder. This NMMS was developed for acquisition and analysis of data for research and teaching purposes. Computer analysis of the muscle response to stimulation allows graphic and numeric presentation of the twitch response and calculated ratios. Since the system can store and recall data, research data can be accessed for analysis and graphic presentation. An IBM PC/AT computer is used as the central controller and data processor. The computer controls timing of the nerve stimulator output, initiates data acquisition, and adjusts the paper speed of the strip chart recorder. The data processing functions include establishing control response values (when no neuromuscular blockade is present), displaying force versus time and calculated data graphically and numerically, and storing these data for further analysis. The general purpose nature of the computer and strip chart recording equipment allow modification of the system primarily by changes in software. For example, new patterns of nerve stimulation, such as the posttetanic count, can be programmed into the computer system along with appropriate data display and analysis routines. The NMMS has functioned well in the operating room environment. We have had no episodes of electrocautery interference with the computer functions. The automated features have enhanced the utility of the NMMS. The prime advantages of this system are (1) the ability to customize its features by altering its controlling programs, (2) the ready availability of the hardware and software, (3) the general purpose nature of the system, so that it is not limited to this one application, and (4) the adaptable nature of the system.     

硼替佐米和柔红霉素联合应用对多发性骨髓瘤细胞株KM3的作用

为了研究硼替佐米（bortezomib,Bor）单用及与柔红霉素（daunorubicin,DNR）联合应用对多发性骨髓瘤（multiple mydoma,MM）细胞株KM3细胞的抑制作用,采用MTT法检测Bor单用及与DNR联合应用对KM3细胞的抑制作用,求出其IC50。结果表明：Bor、DNR对KM3细胞生长抑制作用呈浓度依赖性,IC50分别为0．27μmoL／L,0．16μmol／L;Bor联合DNR对KM3细胞生长抑制作用明显增强（P〈0．05）。结论：在体外,Bor联合DNR对KM3细胞生长抑制有协同作用。     

A neuromuscular monitoring system based on a personal computer

We have developed a computerized neuromuscular monitoring system (NMMS) using commercially available subsystems, i.e., computer equipment, clinical nerve stimulator, force transducer, and strip-chart recorder. This NMMS was developed for acquisition and analysis of data for research and teaching purposes. Computer analysis of the muscle response to stimulation allows graphic and numeric presentation of the twitch response and calculated ratios. Since the system can store and recall data, research data can be accessed for analysis and graphic presentation. An IBM PC/AT computer is used as the central controller and data processor. The computer controls timing of the nerve stimulator output, initiates data acquisition, and adjusts the paper speed of the strip chart recorder. The data processing functions include establishing control response values (when no neuromuscular blockade is present), displaying force versus time and calculated data graphically and numerically, and storing these data for further analysis. The general purpose nature of the computer and strip chart recording equipment allow modification of the system primarily by changes in software. For example, new patterns of nerve stimulation, such as the posttetanic count, can be programmed into the computer system along with appropriate data display and analysis routines. The NMMS has functioned well in the operating room environment. We have had no episodes of electrocautery interference with the computer functions. The automated features have enhanced the utility of the NMMS. The prime advantages of this system are (1) the ability to customize its features by altering its controlling programs, (2) the ready availability of the hardware and software, (3) the general purpose nature of the system, so that it is not limited to this one application, and (4) the adaptable nature of the system.     

The Effect of Resistance Exercise on All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Survivors

ObjectiveTo examine the independent associations of leisure-time aerobic physical activity (PA) and resistance exercise (RE) on all-cause mortality in cancer survivors.Patients and MethodsPatients included 2863 male and female cancer survivors, aged 18 to 81 years, who received a preventive medical examination between April 8, 1987, and December 27, 2002, while enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study in Dallas, Texas. Physical activity and RE were assessed by self-report at the baseline medical examination. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine the independent associations of PA and RE with all-cause mortality in participants who had a history of cancer.ResultsPhysical activity in cancer survivors was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. In contrast, RE was associated with a 33% lower risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI, 0.45-0.99) after adjusting for potential confounders, including PA.ConclusionIndividuals who participated in RE during cancer survival had a lower risk for all-cause mortality. The present findings provide preliminary evidence for benefits of RE during cancer survival. Future randomized controlled trials examining RE and its effect on lean body mass, muscular strength, and all-cause mortality in cancer survivors are warranted.