内侧颞叶在P300产生中的作用--左颞叶切除术后1例患者的事件相关电位研究

目的探讨内侧颞叶(MTL)在P300产生中的作用。方法对1例左颞叶切除的患者和17名健康对照者进行视、听两种模式下的P300研究。结果患者的视、听P300潜伏期(PL)、波幅(Amp)和侧性分布均在对照组确定的正常范围之内。结论一侧MTL结构切除并不影响事件相关电位的内源性成分P300，P300的产生可能是脑多个部位共同活动的电位综合。     

酒精所致精神障碍患者事件诱发电位P300的研究

目的：探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者事件诱发电位P300的特点。方法：对30例酒精所致精神障碍患者（研究组）和31名正常人（正常对照组）进行事件诱发电位P300的检测,并与正常对照组进行配对t检验和相关分析。结果：与正常对照组比较,酒精所致精神障碍患者P300潜伏期N2、P3显著延长（t=2．318,沁2．335;P〈0．05）;P300波幅N1、N2、P3显著降低（t=-2．414;t=-2．613,t=-4．453;P〈0．05或P〈0．001）。相关分析显示,酒精所致精神障碍患者饮酒年限以及饮酒量与P300潜伏期、波幅之间无明显相关（r=-0．128～-0．274,r=-0．075～0．328;P均〉0．05）。结论：酒精所致精神障碍患者存在认知功能损害,P300可作为酒精所致精神障碍患者检测项目之一。     

Changes in auditory P300 event-related potentials and brainstem evoked potentials in diabetes mellitus

To investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus on higher cognitive functions electrophysiologically, we studied auditory P300 event-related potentials (P300) in 40 NIDDM patients, taking into account wave I-V latencies (I-V) in auditory brainstem evoked potentials, clinical parameters and head MRI findings. Compared with 20 controls, diabetics had significantly longer P300 and I-V latencies. P300 latencies in diabetics correlated with neither I-V. HbA₁, blood glucose levels, nor disease duration. Of the 13 diabetics investigated neuroradiologically, four had lacunar infarcts with prolonged electrophysiological values. The remaining nine had normal MRI scans, but their physiological parameters were still significantly longer than those of controls. These findings suggest that NIDDM can independently alter higher cognitive and the central auditory pathway functions. Our data also suggest that these alterations occur regardless of the recent metabolic derangement and disease duration. Cerebrovascular ischemia, if present, also appears to contribute in part to cognitive alterations.     

Event-related potentials (P300) in myotonic dystrophy

The P300 component of the auditory event-related potential in 8 patients with myotonic dystrophy was studied and compared with that of 13 healthy controls. Abnormalities of P300 (prolongation of the latency and/or decrease of the amplitude) were observed in 6. These observations imply that the function of cognitive and information processing are impaired in myotonic dystrophy.     

事件相关电位P300在轻度认知损害中的应用

轻度认知损害（Mild Cognitive Impairment,MCI）是阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer Disease,AD）的前驱早期阶段,是介于AD和正常衰老之间的一种认知功能损害状态[1]。Petersen等认为MCI具有以下特征：（1）经常为忘事烦恼;（2）与受教育程度、年龄不相称的记忆损害;（3）保持一般的认知功能;（4）日常生活能自理;（5）没有痴呆。相关研究显示,MCI在老年人中的发生率为5．3％,每年有10％～15％的MCI患者转化为AD,而正常老年人群每年转化为AD仅为1％～2％。     

Abnormalities of P300 cortical current density in unmedicated depressed patients revealed by LORETA analysis of event-related potentials

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neural substrates underlying event-related potential (ERP) abnormalities, with respect to the generators of the ERP components in depressed patients. Using an oddball paradigm, ERP from auditory stimuli were recorded from 22 unmedicated patients with current depressive episodes and compared with those from 22 age- and gender-matched normal controls. Cortical current densities of the N100 and P300 components were analyzed using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Group differences in cortical current density were mapped on a 3-D cortex model. The results revealed that N100 cortical current densities did not differ between the two groups, while P300 cortical current densities were significantly lower in depressed patients over the bilateral temporal lobes, the left frontal region, and the right temporal-parietal area. Furthermore, the cortical area in which the group difference in P300 current density had been identified was remarkably larger over the right than the left hemisphere, thus supporting the hypothesis of right hemisphere dysfunction in depression.     

双相障碍抑郁发作与单相抑郁症患者听觉事件相关电位P300的对照研究

目的:探讨双相障碍I型抑郁发作与单相抑郁患者听觉事件相关电位P300的差异及与各自临床特征相关性。方法:对60例双相障碍I型抑郁发作患者(双相组)、50例单相抑郁患者(单相组)以及50名正常对照者(对照组)进行P300检测;偏相关分析患者组P300与其临床特征及功能相关性。结果:患者组较对照组N1、P2、N2、P3a和P3b潜伏期显著延长(分别F=9.17,F=8.74,F=15.27,F=7.98,F=10.64;P均0.01);3组间N2-P3b潜伏期差异无统计学意义(F=0.46,P0.05);患者组较对照组N1、P2、N2、P3a、P3b和N2-P3b波幅显著降低(分别F=12.23,F=7.27,F=14.16,F=6.96,F=8.58,F=5.36;P均0.01);患者组较对照组按键反应时间显著延长(F=55.37,P0.01);单相组较双相组N1、N2波幅降低、N2潜伏期延长(P均0.05),双相组较单相组按键反应时间延长(P0.01)。双相组N1波幅与其HAMD评分负相关(P0.01),N2潜伏期与其HAMD评分正相关(P0.01),按键反应时间与其病程和HAMD评分正相关(P均0.05);单相组N2波幅与其HAMD评分负相关(P0.01),按键反应时间与其HAMD评分正相关(P0.05)。结论:双相障碍I型抑郁发作与单相抑郁患者听觉事件相关电位P300均存在异常,但损害有差异;P300异常在二者可能均为状态与素质性并存。     

Abnormalities in Event-Related Potentials: N100, N200 and P300 Topography in Alcoholics

Abstract: Event-related potentials were recorded in 30 abstinent alcoholics, and 30 gender- and age-matched controls during a two-tone discrimination (odd ball) task. All the subjects were free from medication and dextral. The amplitudes of N100, N200 and P300 in the alcoholics were reduced and the P300 latency prolonged as compared with those of the controls. A P300 amplitude reduction occurred in the left and midline frontal, and the left and midline central regions. This is the first report of the amplitude of P300 being markedly decreased in the left hemispheres of the brains of the alcoholics. The results are discussed in terms of the cognitive dysfunctions of alcoholics.     

P300 component of visual event-related potentials distinguishes patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease from patients with essential tremor

Summary. A considerable rate of misdiagnosis has recently been reported in movement disorders. One of the most difficult clinical problems is the differentiation of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. In this study, we have examined whether event-related potentials (ERPs) could aid in the solution of this differential diagnostic problem. Visual ERPs were obtained by using an "oddball" paradigm in 20 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), 20 patients with essential tremor (ET), and 20 age-matched control subjects. We found that the P300 amplitudes were selectively reduced in the IPD group at the midline (Fz, Cz, Pz) electrode sites, whereas the ET group exhibited selectively elevated P300 amplitudes at the left parietal and frontal (F3, P3) recording sites. The patients with IPD, but not ET, showed a significant prolongation of the P300 latency at each electrode site. Similarly, only the IPD patients were significantly slower in responding to the target stimulus. The primary visual evoked potential (P100) did not distinguish among the IPD, ET, and control subjects. These results suggest that visual ERPs might provide a useful diagnostic method for differentiating IPD from ET. Received July 2, 1999; accepted October 5, 1999     

Effects of the dopamine-related drug bromocriptine on event-related potentials and its relation to the law of initial value

Abstract Effects of the dopamine-related drug bromocriptine (BCT) on event-related potentials (ERP) were investigated in 18 healthy volunteers. Bromocriptine 2.5 mg or an inactive placebo was administered according to a completely randomized double-blind, cross-over design. The ERP were recorded 3 h after medication was given. Although BCT prolonged the P300 latency, it had no effect on the amplitudes of the ERP components as a whole. Bromocriptine increased the latencies of N100, P200 and P300 in the respective short-latency subject group, and decreased the latency of N200 in the long-latency subject group. It increased the amplitude of N200 in the low-amplitude subject group. It was concluded that the prolongation of P300 latency as a whole and the different responses that take place are dependent on the initial values and were recognized in the effect of a single administration of BCT 2.5 mg. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the law of initial value.     

Changes of amplitude and topographical characteristics of event-related potentials during the hypnagogic period

In the previous study, during the vertex sharp wave period (hypnagogic EEG stage 4), negative components (N300, N550) were dominant at Fz and Cz in contrast to the positive component (P400) being prominent at the other areas, Pz, Oz, T5 and T6. There is no agreement regarding P400 properties during the hypnagogic period. In this study, using topographic mapping, we found that two negative components (N300, N550) and P400 independently increased their amplitude at the different areas of the scalp as arousal level lowered. The anterior negative components may reflect the information processing related to the K-complex. The P400 may reflect other activities different from the K-complex mechanism or P300 attention mechanisms.     

老年期抑郁症患者事件相关电位P300特征

目的：探讨有无自杀行为的老年期抑郁症患者认知功能的事件相关电位P300特征。方法：对60例老年期抑郁症患者（有自杀行为者20例,无自杀行为者40例）及60例性别、年龄匹配的正常老年人为对照,进行听觉诱发的事件相关电位P300检测。同时应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAND）及老年认知功能量表（SECF）分别评价抑郁症组抑郁情绪及认知功能。结果：抑郁症组与对照组相比,P2、N2、P3潜伏期明显延长,P2、P3波幅明显降低;有自杀行为组N2、P3波幅比无自杀行为组明显降低。抑郁症组HAMD总分与P300各指标无相关,SECF总分与N2、P2、P3潜伏期显著负相关。结论：P300对老年期抑郁症患者早期认知功能损害评定具有一定价值,有、无自杀行为的老年期抑郁症患者认知功能损害不同。     

Cognition in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multichannel event-related potential (P300) study

Auditory event-related potentials (AERP) were elicited in 47 patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) and 24 age-matched controls. MS patients had significantly prolonged N2 and P3 latencies as well as low P3 amplitude compared with controls. Seven of them exceeded 3 standard deviations from the control mean values. The observed N2 and P3 alterations are associated with the patients' disability status as it is defined by the Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS), but are not related to the duration of the disease. A possible cognitive decline as reflected in the observed AERP components alterations in MS patients is subsequently discussed.     

抑郁症的事件相关脑电位P300实验研究

目的探讨抑郁症听觉事件相关电位P300的变化特点。方法对35例抑郁症患者和31名健康成年人,应用美国NieoletBravo脑诱发电位仪进行P300检测。结果与正常组相比,抑郁症组Oz点P3潜伏期延迟[正常组（315±29）ms,抑郁症组（341±31）ms,t=3．50,P〈0．01],P2潜伏期延迟[正常组（165±19）ms,抑郁症组（175±21）ms,t=2．02,P〈0．05],P3波幅降低[正常组（9．5±6．1）μV,抑郁症组（4．5±3．1）μV,t=4．27,P〈0．01],非靶P2波幅降低[正常组（4．2±1．2）μV,抑郁症组（2．3±1．3）μV,t=6．14,P〈0．01]。结论P300是评定抑郁症患者大脑综合功能的有效工具,在临床上值得进一步推广应用。     

健康成人事件相关电位与神经心理学测验的相关性研究

目的 探讨事件相关电位P300的四个主要成分是否反映特定的认知功能。方法 将120名正常受试者按年龄分为三组，即20～34岁组、35～54岁组和55～70岁组，对所有受试者采用全套韦氏成人智力测验(WAIS-RC)等多项神经心理学测验以及P300进行测评，将神经心理学测验结果与P瑚结果进行Spearman等级相关分析。结果 三个年龄组中的N2潜伏期、P2波幅、N2波幅均与反映注意、短时记忆的神经心理学测验存在以下相关：在20～34岁组中，N2潜伏期与即刻视觉再生呈负相关(r=-0．352)，P2波幅与即刻视觉再生呈正相关(r=0．339)，N2波幅与即刻视觉再生呈正相关(r=0．331)。在35～54岁组中，N2潜伏期与数字广度、数字符号、词汇流畅均呈负相关(r分别=-0．357、-0．385、-0．316)；P2波幅与延线测验B呈负相关(r=-0．427)；Nl波幅与即刻逻辑记忆呈正相关(r=0．343)。在55～70岁组中，N2潜伏期与数字符号、词汇流畅呈负相关(r分别=-0．488和-0．321)，与延线测验B呈正相关(r=0．366)；P2波幅与数字符号呈正相关(r=0．314)；N2波幅与词汇流畅呈正相关(r=0．437)。在不同的年龄组中，P300的其他指标与神经心理学测验相关性不一致。结论 P300的四个主要成分可反映一定的认知功能，但不具有特异性，部分P300指标所反映的认知功能受年龄的影响。     

P300 event-related potentials in probable dissociative generalized amnesia

1. 1. To investigate whether abnormalities in objective neurophysiologic measures are observable in patients with probable dissociative generalized amnesia, the P300 and N100 event-related potentials were evaluated in six such patients in both acute stage and after recovery from amnesia. Findings were compared with those in 12 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects.

2. 2. While latencies did not differ from those of control subjects, P300 amplitudes in acute- stage recordings were lower than those in controls. Repeated recordings in the patients showed a significant increase in P300 amplitude after recovery from amnesia.

3. 3. Amplitude and latency of N100 did not differ between the patient and control groups, nor changed significantly after retrieval of memory.

4. 4. These findings suggest that some unknown biological and/or psychologic mechanisms that cause retrograde autobiographic amnesia may impair cognitive function as reflected in an objective neurophysiologic measure such as the P300.

     

重复经颅磁刺激对催乳素及事件相关电位P300的影响

目的:探讨重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对男性精神分裂症患者血清催乳素(PRL)水平及事件相关电位P300的影响。方法:将43例男性精神分裂症患者随机分为rTMS组(21例)和对照组(22例)。rTMS组在稳定剂量的利培酮3～6 mg/d治疗的同时给予连续5 d的高频rTMS刺激,对照组采用假rTMS刺激。刺激前后对两组分别进行血清PRL测定、P300检查及阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定。结果:刺激前两组PRL水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,rTMS组PRL水平高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与治疗前比较,治疗后在CZ点,rTMS组P300的P2、P3波幅升高(P均<0.01)。而对照组P300各项指标治疗前后变化均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后rTMS组及对照组PANSS总分及各因子分变化均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。rTMS组治疗后HAMD评分下降(P<0.05)。结论:高频rTMS可使男性精神分裂症患者P300的P2、P3波幅升高,改善患者的认知功能及抑郁情绪。但同时会使血清PRL水平增高。     

Relationship between attitudinal hostility and P300 latencies

1. 1. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether components of the P300 were related to aggression in a normal population.

2. 2. Event-related potentials were recorded from midline sites during a standard pure tone auditory oddball task.

3. 3. Findings indicated significantly prolonged P300 latencies to target stimuli in subjects with higher total aggression and attitudinal hostility scores on the BDHI.

4. 4. The relationship between P300 latency and aggression extends findings in specifically aggressive populations. P300 amplitudes may only be reduced in samples displaying violent or assaultive behaviour.

     

Alzheimer病的事件相关电位P300异常变化

目的探讨Alzheimer病（AD）患者与正常老年人在事件相关电位（Event-relatedpotentim,ERP）P300检测中的不同特点。方法应用国产WOND2000C脑诱发电位仪对32例AD患者和39例正常老年人进行P300检测。结果与正常老年组相比,AD组的P300表现为靶N2、P3潜伏期延长,靶P3、非靶P2波幅下降,有显著性差异（P〈0．05-0．01）。结论P300可反映AD认知功能的变化,靶P3的潜伏期和波幅,有助于评估AD的认知功能状态。     

Limbic P300s in temporal lobe epilepsy with and without Ammon's horn sclerosis.

Limbic P300 potentials can be recorded within the mesial temporal lobes of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). To delineate possible mechanisms of their generation and pathological alteration, we analysed limbic P300s in 55 TLE patients with and 29 without Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) and correlated their amplitudes with neuronal cell counts in 30 histopathological specimens. Limbic P300 amplitudes were reduced on the side of the epileptogenic focus only in patients with AHS. Moreover, in AHS patients, limbic P300 latencies were prolonged bilaterally; and in patients with left-sided AHS, amplitudes were reduced bilaterally. Both findings suggest bilateral functional deficits in TLE with unilateral AHS. Limbic P300 areas correlated significantly with neuronal densities of dentate gyrus granule cells but not hippocampal pyramidal cells in the CA1-4 (cornu ammonis) subfields. This finding points to a potential mechanism for the bilateral effects of unilateral AHS as both dentate gyri exhibit strong reciprocal contralateral connectivity.