Measuring life satisfaction in an elderly female population

The study described in this paper was undertaken as part of the pilot work for a main study, which attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of health visitor intervention on an elderly female population in Scotland. The Life Satisfaction Index A (Neugarten et al. 1961) was modified by the researcher and tested on a female Scottish population and is subsequently being used as one of three outcome measures of health visitor intervention.     

臭氧治疗对膝关节骨性关节炎患者生存质量的影响

目的调查膝关节骨性关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）患者臭氧治疗后生存质量改善状况。方法对76例接受臭氧注射治疗的膝关节OA患者通过健康状况调查问卷简表-36（Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36,MOSSF-36）进行问卷调查。结果膝关节OA患者经注射臭氧治疗1个疗程后在MOSSF-36测评问卷8个维度中躯体功能、日常活动功能、活力、身体疼痛、总体健康方面有明显改善,而心理健康、日常精神活动、社会活动功能3项没有明显改善。结论臭氧治疗对提高膝关节OA患者的生存质量有较为肯定的疗效。     

中老年人群骨关节炎的流行病学特征

目的：了解国内外近期骨关节炎流行病学调查研究进展概况，为中国“十五”科技攻关项目《中国中老年骨关节炎状况研究》的实施奠定良好理论指导基础。资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline 1991-01／2004-12的文章，检索词为“Osteoarthritis，epidemiology”，限定文章语言种类为English；同时检索1995-01／2002-12 http：//www.wanfangdata.com.cn的文章，检索词为“骨关节炎，流行病学”，限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择：纳入条件：①关骨关节炎流行病学调查研究。②骨关节炎危险因素及防治研究的文章。排除条件：①综述文献。②内容雷同的文献。资料提炼：共搜索1302条文献。筛选出13篇有关骨关节炎流行病学调查及防治研究的典型代表性文章。资料综合：①骨关节炎是一种随年龄增长而患病率明显增加的退性性疾病；女性患病率高于男性。②骨关节炎的患病危险因素较多，既有生活环境因素，又有遗传因素。③骨关节炎的防治主要在于早发现，早诊断，早治疗以降低其发病率。改变病情药物和软骨保护剂的研制和临床应用，以及软骨或软骨细胞移植等，可能是今后很有希望的几种治疗方法；基因治疗是膝关节炎治疗的有效方法之一。④减轻体质量、保护关节不受损、增加运动及维生素的摄入可有效的减少或延缓骨关节炎的发生。结论：骨关节炎对人类的威胁正在迅速增加，有效的治疗和预防保健骨关节炎已成为重大的公共卫生学问题；国内尚缺全国范围内骨关节炎流行病学调查资料；有必要对我国骨关节炎患病率和危险因素进行流行病学研究，为进一步病因和防治研究打基础。     

中老年人群骨关节炎的流行病学特征

目的:了解国内外近期骨关节炎流行病学调查研究进展概况,为中国“十五”科技攻关项目《中国中老年骨关节炎状况研究》的实施奠定良好理论指导基础。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1991-01/2004-12的文章,检索词为“Osteoarthritis,epidemiology”,限定文章语言种类为English;同时检索1995-01/2002-12http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn的文章,检索词为“骨关节炎,流行病学”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:纳入条件:①关骨关节炎流行病学调查研究。②骨关节炎危险因素及防治研究的文章。排除条件:①综述文献。③内容雷同的文献。资料提炼:共搜索1302条文献。筛选出13篇有关骨关节炎流行病学调查及防治研究的典型代表性文章。资料综合:①骨关节炎是一种随年龄增长而患病率明显增加的退性性疾病;女性患病率高于男性。②骨关节炎的患病危险因素较多,既有生活环境因素,又有遗传因素。③骨关节炎的防治主要在于早发现,早诊断,早治疗以降低其发病率。改变病情药物和软骨保护剂的研制和临床应用,以及软骨或软骨细胞移植等,可能是今后很有希望的几种治疗方法;基因治疗是膝关节炎治疗的有效方法之一。④减轻体质量、保护关节不受损、增加运动及维生素的摄入可有效的减少或延缓骨关节炎的发生。结论:骨关节炎对人类的威胁正在迅速增加,有效的治疗和预防保健骨关节炎已成为重大的公共卫生学问题;国内尚缺全国范围内骨关节炎流行病学调查资料;有必要对我国骨关节炎患病率和危险因素进行流行病学研究,为进一步病因和防治研究打基础。     

Impact of epilepsy on quality of life.

Epilepsy is a chronic condition with a profound effect on the quality of life. Health, family life, social, community and civic activities, economics and personal development are the major variables associated with quality of life for the person with epilepsy. In this article, a model describing the relationship between these variables and quality of life is presented. This model organizes a comprehensive nursing approach to the patient with epilepsy. A case study analysis approach is used to help further illustrate interactions among the variables. Nursing interventions based upon analysis of the model are suggested.     

小组干预模式对社区老年抑郁倾向人群生存质量影响的研究

目的 研究提高社区老年抑郁倾向人群生存质量,并建立适合社区老年抑郁倾向人群的新型社区护理模式.方法 用抑郁老年量表(GDS)在吉林市某社区筛查出78例抑郁倾向的老年人,按社区分为对照组和干预组各39例.小组干预方案对干预组实施为期8周的小组干预,每个小组总干预时间为期8周,1次/周,共连续进行8次,干预持续时间为90min/次.对照组不予干预措施.采用老年抑郁量表(GDS)及世界卫生组织生存质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对2组抑郁程度和生存质量进行评价并比较分析.结果 干预后干预组的抑郁总分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义.干预组研究对象在生存质量的各维度均分明显高于对照组.结论 以小组干预模式在社区对老年抑郁倾向人群进行干预是可行、有效的,形式合理,可适用于社区老年心理卫生保健,可以为社区老年抑郁患者的早期发现、早期干预方法选择提供依据.     

Balancing pain and analgesic treatment in the home-dwelling elderly

BACKGROUND: In elderly persons, pain is a common problem, and analgesic medicines are among the most frequently used drugs. OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of analgesic medication and its relation to daily pain and morbidity in home-dwelling elderly people aged at least 75 years. METHODS: A random sample of 700 subjects aged at least 75 years was drawn from the total population of Kuopio, Finland. A geriatrician and nurse carried out structured clinical examinations and interviews with 601 persons, 523 of whom were living at home. RESULTS: Seventy percent (n = 364) of the elderly people were taking at least one analgesic, including most of those who suffered from daily interfering pain (85%) and nearly all of those experiencing daily pain at rest (93%). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; n = 226, 51%) and acetaminophen (n = 118, 23%) were the most commonly used analgesics. The use of opioids became more common with age, accounting for 16% of the drugs in the oldest patients (> or =85 y) and 6% among those aged 75-79 years. Analgesics were mainly taken when needed. Only 13% of NSAID users, 18% of acetaminophen users, and 21% of opioid users took these preparations regularly. CONCLUSIONS: Although analgesics are commonly used by elderly patients, it appeared that many patients were still experiencing daily interfering pain and pain at rest.     

Impact of diabetes screening on quality of life

OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis of a chronic illness can have a negative impact on patients' perception of their well-being ("labeling" effect). We sought to determine the effects of a new diagnosis of diabetes, discovered by systematic screening, on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 1 year after diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed diabetes screening at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center of 1,253 outpatients, aged 45-64 years, who did not report having diabetes. Our initial screen was a serum HbA(1c) measurement. All subjects with HbA(1c) > or = 6.0% were invited for follow-up measurement of blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose. A case of unrecognized diabetes was defined as HbA(1c) > or = 7.0% or fasting plasma glucose > or = 7 mmol/dl. HRQoL was measured by Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) for all patients at baseline and 1 year after enrollment. Linear multivariable models were used to determine the independent effect of the new diagnosis of diabetes on HRQoL. RESULTS: Mean SF-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) for all patients was 36.2, and mean Mental Component Score (MCS) was 49.6. A total of 56 patients (4.5%) were found to have diabetes at screening. Patients found to have diabetes at screening had mean PCS of 35.6, which was not different from a mean PCS of 36.3 for those patients found not to have diabetes (P = 0.67). After adjusting for baseline PCS values, PCS 1 year after screening was similar for patients with and without diabetes found at screening (P = 0.95). Similarly, patients found to have diabetes at screening had mean MCS of 48.8; those found not to have diabetes had MCS of 49.6 (P = 0.70). After adjusting for baseline MCS values, MCS 1 year after screening was also similar between the two groups (P = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with a new diagnosis of diabetes discovered through systematic screening, HRQoL is similar to patients found not to have diabetes. Furthermore, HRQoL scores remain stable over the year after screening. This suggests that screening for diabetes has minimal, if any, "labeling" effect with respect to HRQoL.     

延续性护理干预对老年反复呼吸道感染患者自我护理能力和生活质量的影响

目的探究延续性护理干预对老年反复呼吸道感染患者自我护理能力和生活质量的影响。方法选择242例老年反复呼吸道感染患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各121例,2组住院期间均接受常规护理,观察组在出院后实行延续性护理干预,随访3个月,比较2组患者的自我护理能力、症状发作频率和生活质量。结果随访3个月,观察组健康知识水平、自我概念、自护责任感、自我护理技能评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05),观察组发热、咳嗽、鼻塞流涕、咽痛的发生次数均显著少于对照组(P0.05),观察组生理功能、生理职能、活力、情感职能、社会功能、精神健康、总体健康7项指标评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论延续性护理干预有助于提高老年反复呼吸道感染患者的自我护理能力,降低症状发作频率,改善总体生活质量。     

Exercise and quality of life in elderly individuals

1. Exercise is important and recommended for older adults. Nurses in community settings are in ideal positions to facilitate older adults' use of exercise programs. 2. Quality of life is complex and multidimensional. Dimensions include well-being, functional status, socioeconomic status, and self-esteem. 3. This article contains a review of empirical evidence that states older adults who exercise have improved quality of life.     

聊城市老年人群睡眠质量调查研究

目的:调查聊城市≥60岁城乡老年人群睡眠质量状况及其与生命质量之间的相关性.方法:2004年11月～2005年3月采用阶段性分层整群抽样的方法,随机抽取聊城市4个县(区)、8个乡镇(街道)、33个行政村(居委会)756名≥60岁的人群为调查对象,使用匹斯堡睡眠指数(PSQI)、一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、生活质量量表作为研究工具,以SCID-P和美国精神学会诊断手册第四版(DSM-IV)作为诊断工具.结果:完成调查756名,应答率为100%. 60岁及以上城乡老年人群PSQI评分为(6.42±5.12)分,女性高于男性(P＜0.01),城乡之间差异无显著性(P>0.05).睡眠障碍发生率为21.30%,睡眠障碍组与无睡眠障碍组的GHQ-12、生命质量、躯体健康状况、消极应对因子比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).211例完成了SCID-P检查,109例患有精神障碍,精神障碍组与无精神障碍组睡眠障碍发生率分别为55.96%和21.15%,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论:聊城市老年人睡眠障碍的发生率较高,尤以精神障碍患者发生率最高;睡眠障碍严重影响老年人的心理健康、生命质量,提示社会应积极关注老年人的睡眠与健康问题.     

离退休老年人及老年患者生活质量的调查

目的:老龄化过程中,老年人在生理、心理和社会功能上发生一系列的改变,而这些变化可体现在老年人群的生活质量的变化上。调查分析离退休老年人群及老年患者的生活质量状况。方法:实施研究的时间2001-10/2003-06,研究对象为广东省人民医院东病区住院患者、广州市白云区老年大学学员。总样本量746名。纳入标准:年龄≥60岁,离退休干部,能够独立完成问卷,自愿原则。排除标准:意识障碍;有严重认知功能障碍无法单独完成问卷调查;严重躯体疾病病情不稳定者。采用世界卫生组织生活质量量表(WHOQOL-100)中文版对537名离退休老年人和209名离退休老年住院患者进行测评。结果:与常模样本相比较,研究发现,生理领域、心理领域、独立性领域及总的生活质量与健康状况,均为离退休老年人群差于常模样本,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);其余因子,包括社会关系领域、环境领域和精神支柱/宗教/个人信仰因子分与常模样本相比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。离退休老年患者与一般离退休干部比较,在生理领域、心理领域、独立性领域及总的生活质量与健康状况因子分,均为离退休老年患者差于一般离退休老年人群,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);社会关系领域、环境领域和精神支柱/宗教/个人信仰因子分两组比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:随