The association of physical activity,sleep, and screen time with mental health in Canadian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal isotemporal substitution analysis

BackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health is a global concern. Increased screen time and reduced physical activity due to the lockdown measures have been linked to detrimental mental health outcomes; however, the literature remains limited by cross-sectional and retrospective designs, and consideration of behaviours in isolation. Prospective evidence is necessary to examine whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep and screen time influenced changes in mental health.MethodAnalyses used data from a prospective cohort study of secondary school students in Canada with baseline data from the 2018–2019 school year and linked follow-up data from online surveys completed during the initial COVID-19 outbreak (May–July 2020). Multilevel linear regression models were used to evaluate the within- and between-person isotemporal substitution effects of sleep, MVPA and screen time behaviours on depression, anxiety, subjective well-being, and trait emotional dysregulation.ResultsLinked longitudinal data from 2645 students attending 44 schools were available. Between-person effects indicated that individuals who engaged in more MVPA and sleep while minimizing screen time had lower depression scores, less severe emotional dysregulation, and better subjective well-being. While controlling for between-person effects, within-person year-on-year change suggests those who increased screen time while decreasing either MVPA or sleep experienced mental health decline on all outcomes.ConclusionMVPA and sleep were associated with youth mental health during the early COVID-19 lockdown. Increasing MVPA and sleep (or at least mitigating the increase of screen time) compared to the prior year was associated with better mental health during the early pandemic. A limitation to consider is that the screen time measure represents a combination of screen behaviours, and effects of replacing screen time may have varied if distinctions were made.     

有氧锻炼对青少年心理健康的影响

目的　探讨有氧锻炼对青少年心理健康的作用 ,为促进学生身心健康提供依据。方法　采用焦虑 (SAS)、抑郁 (CES -D)和自尊 (SES)量表及自制运动行为自评表 ,整群随机抽取云南省 8个地区 2 8所中学、6所大学初高中及大学生 4 838名进行调查 ,并按性别分层作锻炼优劣队列的焦虑、抑郁或自尊比较。结果　青少年运动不足达 53.35 % ,女生 (58.2 0 % )显著高于男生 (49.1 9% ) ,尤以高中学段突出。女生SAS ,SES,CES-D得分分别为 (43 .1 7± 8.43) ,(2 1 .89± 4 .2 1 ) ,(9.96± 5.41 )分 ,显著高于男生的 (42 .52± 4 .33) ,(2 1 .41± 5.39) ,(9.51± 8.58)分 (P <0 .0 5)。体育人口自尊水平高 ,焦虑、抑郁水平低于对照组。结论　有氧锻炼对心理健康有积极的作用。     

基于成分等时替代模型的高中生身体活动与焦虑症状相关性分析

目的 了解高中生在居家网课期间身体活动、焦虑症状状况及其相关性,为高中生的身心健康干预提供科学依据。方法 2020年4月,某校高中生以问卷星形式完成在线调查,内容包括:一般资料、生活作息、身体活动、焦虑自评量表。采用成分等时替代模型分析高中生24 h行为活动（包括身体活动、静坐行为和睡眠）与焦虑症状的相关性。结果 共调查1 324人,高中生焦虑症状患病率为23.34%。10 min中高强度身体活动（MVPA）替代久坐行为（SB）、低强度身体活动（LPA）与焦虑得分减少相关有统计学意义（平均变化量分别为 - 0.25（95%CI: - 0.47～ - 0.04）、 - 0.24（95%CI : - 0.46～ - 0.02））。随着 MVPA 替代 LPA、SB和睡眠（SLP）的时间增加,焦虑得分预测值减少量增加。结论 高中生居家网课期间焦虑情绪不容忽视,进行中高强度身体活动能有效预防焦虑症状发生。     

学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平、心理健康状况的关系

目的 分析学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平、心理健康状况的关系,为制定针对学龄前儿童身体活动、心理健康的干预策略提供参考。方法 2019年1—12月选择本地区所辖幼儿园的145名学龄前儿童作为调查对象,用长处和困难问卷(SDQ)(父母版)、三轴加速度计及配套的ActiLife软件对本次全部调查对象开展调查,汇总心理健康状况异常检出率、久坐行为时间与身体活动水平,利用Pearson/Spearman相关分析法分析学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平、心理健康状况的相关性。结果 本地区学龄前儿童久坐行为时间较长(26.49±7.58)min/h,且主要集中在每日12:00-15:59;学龄前儿童身体活动水平总体以低强度身体活动为主,男生中强度身体活动比例最高,女生低强度身体活动比例最高,不同性别身体活动水平比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.504,P=0.005);学龄前儿童心理健康状况异常检出率为50.34%(73/145)。相关性分析结果显示:学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平呈负相关(r=-0.418,P＜0.001),与心理健康状况评分呈正相关(r=0.341,P＜0.001)。结论 学龄前儿童久坐行为时间与身体活动水平、心理健康状况关系密切,应通过提高本地区学龄前儿童身体活动水平,缩短久坐行为时间,进而促进心理健康。     

On campus physical activity programming for post-secondary student mental health: Examining effectiveness and acceptability

AimProviding effective support for students with mental health concerns is a priority on post-secondary campuses. Recreational programming including physical activity is an evidence-informed approach that can be used to support mental health and well-being. Yet, limited research has examined effective and acceptable strategies for using campus-based physical activity programs to support the mental health of post-secondary students. Using a mixed-methods approach, the current study addressed the acceptability and effectiveness of a physical activity program for student mental health.MethodsIn collaboration with on-campus mental health services, a 6-week one-on-one and individualized physical activity program tailored towards students seeking mental health support was implemented. A pretest-posttest design was used to test the effectiveness of the program and participants (N = 68; M_age = 22.96 years, SD = 3.42; 82% female) completed self-report questionnaires to assess changes in symptoms of psychological distress, depression, and anxiety. Semi-structured interviews (N = 11) with program participants were conducted to explore the acceptability of the program and were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsPaired samples t-tests demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and psychological distress pre-post program (ps < .05). The generated themes suggested that the program is an acceptable and effective holistic approach for improving mental health among students.ConclusionsThe results provide implications for implementing on-campus physical activity programs as a mental health and well-being intervention. Implications for further understanding principle program design and delivery strategies are discussed.     

青少年睡眠习惯与心理健康的相关性研究

目的 分析青少年中睡眠习惯和心理行为健康之间的相关性,为预防和改善青少年群体心理健康提供参考依据。方法 通过分层整群抽样的方式调查了4 966名11～20岁的青少年。青少年睡眠卫生评估量表修订版(M-ASHS)用来测量其睡眠状况及行为习惯。儿童长处和不足问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,SDQ)用来评估青少年心理行为健康状况。结果 参与调查的青少年中,46.4%工作日平均每天睡眠时间少于8 h,7.6%周末平均睡眠时间少于8 h,47.5%工作日入睡时间晚于22:00点,39.8%周末入睡时间晚于22:30,45.2%周末觉醒时间晚于8:00,22.55%睡眠规律性差;8.7%的青少年存在心理行为问题,在控制了潜在的混杂因素后,工作日平均睡眠时间少于8 h/d (OR=1.77,CI:1.13~2.76,P=0.012),周末的平均睡眠时间少于8 h/d(OR=1.65,CI:1.12~2.43,P=0.011),工作日入睡时间晚于22:00点(OR=1.73,CI:1.30~2.31,P<0.001),周末入睡时间晚于22:30点(OR=1.37,CI:1.07~1.77,P=0.014),周末的觉醒时间晚于8点(OR=1.30,CI:1.02~1.66,P=0.032),睡眠不规律(OR=3.11,CI:2.41~4.01,P<0.001)等5个睡眠习惯变量与青少年心理问题显著相关。结论 应加强对青少年的睡眠卫生教育,帮助其培养良好的睡眠习惯,特别是充足的睡眠时间和规律的作息习惯,以促进其心理健康。     

广州市青少年运动和静坐少动行为分析

目的 了解广州市青少年缺乏体育运动和静坐少动行为现况,为制定干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用“中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷”,对分层整群随机抽取的广州市66所大、中学校11939名学生进行问卷调查.结果 过去7d里每天运动时间超过60 min的天数＜3 d和参加中等强度体育锻炼＜3 d的学生比例为分别为48.61％和62.14％,女生均高于男生.随着学段的增长,学生缺乏体育运动的比例逐渐上升.每天看电视超过2h的学生比例为45.13％,初中生最高;随着母亲文化程度的上升,学生看电视的比例呈下降趋势.每天玩电子游戏超过2h的学生比例为45.13％,职中生最高.课外学习时间≥4 h的学生占15.23％,女生高于男生,城市高于农村,高中生的比例最高.结论 青少年缺乏体育运动以及静坐少动行为较为常见,运动锻炼不足.要科学引导,提高学生运动锻炼水平.     

Association between physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the association between regular physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to compare the prevalence of mental disorders among those who did and did not report regular physical activity using data from the National Comorbidity Survey (n = 8098), a nationally representative sample of adults ages 15-54 in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Slightly over one-half of adults reported regular physical activity (60.3%). Regular physical activity was associated with a significantly decreased prevalence of current major depression and anxiety disorders, but was not significantly associated with other affective, substance use, or psychotic disorders. The association between regular physical activity and lower prevalence of current major depression (OR = 0.75 (0.6,0.94)), panic attacks (OR = 0.73 (0.56, 0.96)), social phobia (OR = 0.65 (0.53, 0.8)), specific phobia (OR = 0.78 (0.63, 0.97)), and agoraphobia (OR = 0.64 (0.43, 0.94)) persisted after adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported physical disorders, and comorbid mental disorders. Self-reported frequency of physical activity also showed a dose-response relation with current mental disorders. DISCUSSION: These data document a negative association between regular physical activity and depressive and anxiety disorders among adults in the U.S. population. Future research that investigates the mechanism of this association using longitudinal data to examine the link between physical activity and incident and recurrent mental disorders across the lifespan is needed.     

北京市6～14岁儿童课余身体活动静态行为及睡眠现状

目的 了解北京市6～14岁儿童课余身体活动、静态行为及睡眠时间现状,为指导学龄儿童合理进行身体活动及制定有效干预措施提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市3 460名一、三、五及七年级中小学生进行营养与健康状况调查。通过问卷调查收集儿童及家庭的基本信息和儿童的身体活动、静态行为及睡眠等活动信息,并进行统计分析。结果 儿童每日课余身体活动(LTPA)时间的中位数为20.0(8.6, 38.6)min,郊区(18.6 min)和七年级儿童(14.3 min)相比城区及其他年级儿童LTPA时间更短(Z/H值分别为5.12,119.11,P值均<0.01)。儿童平均每日睡眠时间为(8.71±0.76)h,睡眠不足的儿童占比54.7%,随着年级的增加,睡眠不足发生率显著增加(χ²=407.13,P<0.01)。学生每日静态行为时长中位数为195.7(145.0, 255.7)min, 84.5%的儿童每天有超过2 h的静态行为,城区(202.9 min)和肥胖儿童(210.4 min)相比郊区和其他体型儿童静态行为时间更长;且随着年级的...     

Screen time, physical activity and mental health among urban adolescents in China

ObjectiveTo test the association between screen time (ST), physical activity (PA) and self-reported psychological problems among urban adolescents aged 11 to 16 years.MethodsIn 2010, total 5003 boys and girls were analyzed from 4 junior high schools in Bengbu city of China. The Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and School Life Satisfaction Rating Questionnaire were administered to obtain information on current mental health. Self-reported ST, PA and dietary intake were also assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the effects of ST and PA on psychological problems.ResultsApproximately 26.1% of adolescents were exposed to ST for more than 2 h/day. High ST was a risk factor for depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–1.76), anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.18–1.57) and school life dissatisfaction (OR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.79–2.38). Sufficient vigorous PA (VPA) was a protective factor for depressive symptoms (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.67–0.91) and school life dissatisfaction (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.62–0.85). The combination of high ST and insufficient VPA was associated with the highest prevalence of various psychological problems.ConclusionsHigh ST and insufficient VPA interact to increase depressive, anxiety symptoms and school life dissatisfaction among Chinese adolescents.     

The longitudinal associations between mental health indicators and digital media use and physical activity during adolescence: A latent class approach

IntroductionEvidence for the relationship between movement behaviors and mental health among adolescents is inconclusive. We aimed to identify profiles of digital media use (including related bedtime delay) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in adolescence, and to examine whether preadolescent mental health predicted later behavior profiles.MethodsThis study included 1285 participants assessed at 11 years of age, and followed-up four years later. Participants completed the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) at baseline, and reported digital media use (active and passive use, gaming, and related bedtime delays) and LTPA at follow-up. A latent class approach was employed to identify behavior profiles, membership of which was then predicted with mental health and covariates, including baseline digital media use and LTPA.ResultsWe identified four behavior profiles: 1) high digital media use/moderate LTPA (20% of adolescents; 78% boys), 2) moderate digital media use/high LTPA (31%; 28%), 3) high digital media use/high LTPA (26%; 15%), 4) high passive digital media use and gaming/low LTPA (23%; 89%). After adjusting for covariates, higher LTPA and better perception of athletic competence at baseline associated with higher odds of belonging to any other profile than to the unhealthiest profile (4) at follow-up. Symptoms of depression or anxiety did not associate with later behavior profiles.ConclusionsLTPA and related self-esteem seem to be stronger predictors of future digital media use and LTPA behavior during adolescence than mental health symptoms alone.     

成都市青年男性情绪障碍与健康危险行为的流行病学研究

目的 了解成都市青年男性情绪与行为问题特征及其相互关系.方法 利用与英国伦敦大学的合作项目——“中英两国青年男性健康和现代生活方式比较研究”的资料,对成都市2 151名18～34岁青年男性情绪障碍及健康危险行为现况进行分析.结果 成都市青年男性抑郁、焦虑症状检出率分别为29.6％、21.2％;吸烟、打架、酒精滥用、吸毒、自杀意念及自残行为的报告率分别为53.0％、18.7％、28.7％、2.8％、7.8％和6.1％;自杀意念、自残行为与焦虑、抑郁症状存在关联(均有P ＜0.05),打架、酒精滥用、吸毒与焦虑症状存在关联(均有P＜0.05).结论 成都市青年男性情绪障碍和危害健康行为问题不容忽视,应积极采取有效措施,加强青年男性健康教育,提高其心理素质.     

体力活动联合视屏时间对南京市儿童青少年超重肥胖的影响

目的探讨南京市儿童青少年体力活动和视屏时间与超重肥胖之间的关联,为防控儿童青少年肥胖提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2018年5—6月选择南京市36所学校4～12年级学生(9～17岁儿童青少年)共4 401人进行问卷调查和身高、体重测量。根据性别、年龄和体质指数(BMI)将调查对象划分为超重肥胖组和体重正常组,采用国际体力活动问卷调查体力活动水平和视屏时间,logistic回归方法分析体力活动和视屏时间对南京市儿童青少年超重和肥胖的影响。结果南京市儿童青少年超重肥胖率为27.7%(1 219人),体力活动充足率为21.1%(930人),视屏时间较短率为96.3%(4 237人)。体力活动充足以及视屏时间较短的学生BMI值分别低于体力活动不充足以及视屏时间过长学生。体力活动不充足且视屏时间过长组超重肥胖的发病率最高(39.7%)。在调整了相关混杂因素后,logistic回归分析结果显示,体力活动不充足且视屏时间较短组以及体力活动充足且视屏时间较短组超重肥胖的风险分别为体力活动不充足且视屏时间过长组的0.54倍(95%CI=0.37～0.77)和0.64倍(95%CI=0...     

A qualitative exploration of park-based physical activity in adults with serious mental illness: Insights from peers and peer counselors

Statement of the problemPark-based physical activity (PA) is associated with positive health outcomes (social support, energy, self-esteem, mood, less depression). Integrating park-based PA into peer-led mental health services is an innovative approach that can address health disparities in persons with serious mental illness (SMI). Yet, to date, few PA interventions capitalize on peer counselor (PC) capacity, and none have focused on park-based PA. The purpose of this qualitative study was to ascertain the perspectives of adults with SMI and their counselors about park-based PA to inform the development of a park-based PA intervention lead by PCs.MethodsIn Spring/Summer 2018, we conducted six 1-h focus groups (FGs) with adults with SMI, and four 1-h FGs with PCs and social workers. Using the person-based approach framework, open-ended questions elicited information regarding peer PA behavior and park use, PA participation motives/barriers, and preference for park-based PA. PCs discussed knowledge and promotion of PA in peer group settings, willingness to lead PA activities, and feedback on intervention strategies.ResultsPeer FGs averaged 49 ± 8 min. Peer data were coded into three overarching themes: current PA, motivators, and barriers. Peer counselor FGs averaged 60 ± 5 min. Data were coded into five themes: current peer group PA, barriers to peer group PA, motivators for peer group PA, PA intervention recommendations, and implementation barriers.ConclusionPeers and PCs were interested in participating/leading in outdoor PA. Social support, motivation, PA self-efficacy, health concerns, weather, transportation, and PC training are important considerations for intervention development.     

银川市5类城市职业人群心理、生理及社会支持状况调查

目的了解银川市不同人群心理、生理及社会支持状况。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,抽取体力劳动者、公务员、企事业管理人员、教师和科研人员5类职业人群进行问卷调查。调查工具为《状态焦虑量表》、《自评抑郁量表》和《社会支持评定量表》。结果收回有效问卷2245份,体力劳动者、公务员、企事业管理人员、教师和科研人员5类职业人群的状态焦虑得分分别为42.19±7.26分、39.31±6.61分、38.38±6.81分、40.06±5.57分和40.41±6.09分,体力劳动者得分最高,企事业管理人员最低,平均为40.03±6.58分;5类职业人群的自评抑郁得分分别为35.94±6.74分、38.76±6.72分、37.58±6.83分、37.97±5.89分和38.90±5.83分,公务员得分最高,体力劳动者得分最低,平均得分为37.83±6.50分,处于无抑郁、轻度抑郁、中至重度抑郁和重度抑郁状态的人分别占59.6%、34.3%、5.9%和0.2%;5类职业人群的社会支持得分分别为33.65±10.15分、39.80±5.85分、38.57±7.63分、38.86±8.40分和39.29±6.48分,平均得分为38.03±8.16分。调查对象的状态焦虑得分与自评抑郁得分呈正相关(r=0.4037,P0.05)。结论良好的社会支持有助于不同人群的心理健康。     

中国12省市儿童青少年身体活动和静坐行为分析

目的了解我国儿童青少年身体活动和静坐行为模式和水平。方法研究资料来源于2011年"中国健康与营养调查",选择有完整人口统计学、身体活动和静坐行为调查数据的7~18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象。分析儿童青少年参加校外体育活动、在校体育活动、家务性劳动、往返学校交通行为身体活动和静坐行为的比例,儿童青少年身体活动和静坐行为活动量及其年龄、性别、居住地区和家庭收入差异。结果调查对象有静坐行为的比例最高(97.9%),参加校外体育活动的比例最低(33.6%);各年龄和性别组均呈现相似的参加身体活动和静坐行为的比例分布。参加校外体育活动或具有静坐行为的儿童青少年相应活动类型的活动量中位水平最高,分别为39.9和36.1 MET-h/week,进而体现出儿童青少年静坐行为时间过长。各种身体活动和静坐行为活动量存在年龄、性别和居住地区差异(P均0.05)。结论我国儿童青少年普遍缺乏身体活动,应加强以提高身体活动水平为目的的健康促进活动。     

儿童青少年体力活动与身心健康研究进展

近几十年,儿童青少年体力活动水平下降趋势明显,导致其健康水平下降,新冠肺炎疫情的暴发与蔓延进一步加重了该趋势。在疫情防控常态化背景下,为深入解析体力活动与儿童青少年身心健康之间的关系,促进儿童青少年身心健康水平,追踪梳理了国内外相关主题文献,分析了体力活动对儿童青少年健康体适能、认知和心理健康的积极影响,发现相关健康效应存在显著的体力活动类型、强度和时间差异等,进而提出了体力活动相关研究的若干问题。     

郑州高职院校学生体力活动与睡眠和心理健康状况的关联

目的了解郑州高职院校学生体力活动状况及其与睡眠和心理健康的关联,为高职院校大学生身心健康发展和干预提供支持。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法,在郑州市4所高职院校的大一和大二年级中抽取6 224名大学生进行体力活动、睡眠质量、心理状况的调查。结果郑州高职院校大学生静态行为、中高强度体力活动时间分别为(91.23±56.25)(56.25±40.21) min/d,焦虑和睡眠得分为(37.41±7.72)(7.91±1.77)分。大学生体力活动合格率为22.27%,静态行为合格率为51.83%,焦虑检出率为9.22%,睡眠不良检出率为52.81%。女生静态行为合格、焦虑和睡眠不良的比例均高于男生(χ2值分别为7.16,5.93,39.34,P值均<0.05)。体力活动合格男生的焦虑和睡眠质量得分均低于不合格男生,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-10.33,-11.25,P值均<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,与体力活动和静态行为均合格者相比,两者均不合格学生发生焦虑情绪和睡眠不良的风险分别为2.45和1.89倍,调整后分别为2.24和1.49倍(P值均<0.01)。结...     

学龄前儿童体力活动、久坐行为与睡眠问题的相关性

目的 探究学龄前儿童体力活动(Physical activity,PA)、久坐行为(Sedentary behavior, SB)与睡眠问题的相关性,为预防、改善该群体睡眠问题提供参考。方法 2020年9—12月,采用整群随机抽样法,抽取北京市6所幼儿园406名学龄前儿童作为研究对象,采用Acti Graph GT3X+三轴加速度计客观测量PA,采用《儿童休闲活动调查问卷》调查SB,采用CSHQ睡眠习惯量表测评睡眠问题,运用线性分析、logistic 回归模型处理数据。结果 学龄前儿童睡眠问题检出率71.08%;PA与睡眠抗阻、睡眠时长不规律、睡眠夜醒、异态睡眠、CSHQ综合评分具有显著负向线性相关(β=-0.141、-0.452、-0.324、-0.201、-0.150 ,P<0.05);SB与睡眠抗阻、入睡潜伏期延长、睡眠夜醒、CSHQ综合测评具有显著正向线性相关(β=0.196、0.223、0.210、0.910,P<0.05)。对PA、SB联合分析,在PA(或SB)等级固定时,CSHQ测评合格率会因另一方等级的提高而降低（或升高）,在高PA+低SB(OR=2.119,95%CI:1.464~3.368,P<0.05)和低PA+高SB（1reference）两个极端组合时,CSHQ测评合格率获得优势分别为最高和最低;高PA+高SB(OR=1.750,95%CI:1.320~2.664)比低SB+低PA (OR=1.640,95%CI:1.412~2.743)CSHQ测评合格率获得优势更高。结论 体力活动与学龄前儿童睡眠问题具有显著的负相关,久坐行为与学龄前儿童睡眠问题具有显著正相关,二者联合则具有抵消或协同的交互效应。