河北省部分大学生性观念及其相关行为

目的了解大学生的性观念、性态度及其相关行为，为高校进行适宜的性健康教育和行为干预提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，自行设计问卷，对河北省部分大学生进行调查。结果12．37％的大学生报告有过婚前性行为，63．71％的学生对婚前性行为持赞同或无所谓态度。在有婚前性行为的学生中，仅有49．74％以发展爱情为目的，20．51％坚持使用安全套。不同类型大学生的性观念差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论大学生的性道德观已发生了很大的变化，存在着严重的自由思想和行为倾向，应针对不同对象有计划地进行性知识、性道德健康教育。     

成都市大学生性观念性行为现况调查

目的了解大学生的性观念、性行为状况，分析性行为发生的影响因素，为高校大学生性健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法，选择成都市3所高校在校本科生2838名进行无记名问卷调查。结果67．3％的大学生在感情成熟时不介意发生婚前性行为。认为对性观念影响最大的因素是从各种媒体获得的性信息（39.9％）及朋友对待性的看法（15．6％）。专业、年级、恋爱开始时间、性观念情况等是性行为发生的重要影响因素。18．5％的大学生发生过婚前性行为。52．1％的大学生认为目前学校的性教育没有解决实际问题。结论大学生性观念开放，大二年级学生较明显。性行为的发生时间提前，发生率升高，安全问题堪忧。     

广东商学院大学生性知识、性态度及性行为调查

目的：了解大学生性知识、性态度、性行为的现状及性知识需求，为今后更好地开展大学生性教育提供科学的理论依据。方法：采用自行设计的调查表，对广东商学院2004级的1120名大学生进行问卷调查。结果：大学生性知识主要来源于报刊或杂志，男生性知识的知晓率普遍高于女生，男女生在性观念、性态度和性行为等诸多问题上差异有统计学意义。有92．95％的学生知道性病主要是通过不沽的性接触传播的，98.66％的学生知道艾滋病性病可通过性接触、血液和母婴途径传播，90．45％的学生知道避孕套不仅避孕还是有效预防性病的工具；有6.61％的学生曾有过性交行为，其中男生有过性交行为（11．72％）明显高于女生（3．36％）（P〈0．01）；63．30％的学生愿意参加学校组织的性知识讲座或活动；大部分学生对控制性病艾滋病的方法持赞成态度。结论：学校应加强性病艾滋病的健康教育工作，应注重培养大学生的性道德观念。以正确引导大学生性生理、性心理、性行为的健康发展。     

大学生性相关行为与态度调查

[目的]调查大学生性相关行为与态度。[方法]随机抽取在校大学生473名,就5个方面的问题进行问卷调查。[结果]男大学生在性幻想、性相关行为方面明显多于女大学生（P﹤0.001）,在性行为道德方面明显低于女大学生（P﹤0.01）;高年级大学生在“阅读或观看有关书刊或影视作品”方面明显多于低年级大学生（P﹤0.05）;男大学生性幻想与性相关行为呈正相关（P﹤0.001）,女大学生性幻想只与部分性相关行为呈正相关（P﹤0.001）;性行为道德与性幻想、性相关行为不相关（P﹥0.05）。[结论]男、女大学生在性幻想、性相关行为和性行为道德,以及性幻想和性相关行为关系方面存在较大差异,不同年级大学生在性相关行为方面也有差异。     

长沙市某高校大学生性知识、性态度、性行为调查

目的了解大学生性知识、性行为、性态度及性传播疾病等方面知识情况，为在大学生中开展性教育提供理论依据和指引方向。方法对长沙市某高校17—24岁间1020名1—4年级大学生的性知识、性态度、性行为、性传播疾病等知识进行问卷调查。结果大学生性知识来源主要为传媒机构。大学生性知识知晓率普遍低，约为35％，性知识掌握情况受年级高低、学生来源、父母文化程度及是否受过健康教育等因素的影响（P〈0．05）。80．3％性行为发生在低年级阶段，89．6％未采取避孕措施。大学生对性传播疾病知识了解不全面。结论高校仍是现阶段性教育的主要渠道，性教育要尽早开展，内容力求全面通俗易懂，形式多样，注重正确引导，培养大学生树立正确的恋爱观和性态度，掌握科学的性知识。     

安徽中医学院1 257名大学生恋爱状况调查

目的了解高校大学生的恋爱现状及性观念、性行为状况，为采取健康教育干预措施提供依据。方法采取现况调查方法，对安徽中医学院大学生1257名进行问卷调查。结果1257名大学生中有485名（38．6％）谈过或正在谈恋爱，其中有206例（42．5％）发生过性行为，84例（40．8％）首次性行为没有采取避孕措施，谈恋爱率随着年级升高而升高，五年级男学生恋爱发生率为53．8％，女生为67．1％。结论应采取性健康教育干预措施，避免学生对性相关问题处理不当而导致生理与心理健康问题。     

大学生婚前性行为状况及其影响因素调查分析

目的 了解合肥地区大学生婚前性行为状况,分析影响大学生婚前性行为的相关因素,为在大学生中开展生殖健康教育提供依据。方法 通过匿名的方式,在合肥市4所大学进行横断面问卷调查,调查内容包括社会人口学特征、生殖健康知识、性态度及性行为等。结果 共调查508名在校大学生,其中男生260人,女生248人。调查对象的婚前性行为报告率为8.9%（45/508）,男生（14.6%）高于女生（2.8%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=21.864,P<0.001）;在有性行为的学生中,超过90%不了解性传播疾病。多因素分析结果表明,大学生婚前性行为的危险因素包括男性、对性行为持接纳的态度、同伴中存在婚前性行为和学校周围宾馆不需要出示身份证入住等。结论 婚前性行为正在威胁在校大学生的生殖健康,应引起学校和教育主管部门的高度重视。     

大学生安全性行为意向影响因素的通径分析

目的 探讨大学生的艾滋病/安全性行为相关知识，认知，态度和自我效能对婚前性行为意向和安全性行为意向的影响强度和方向。方法 利用通径分析法进行分析。结果 大学生艾滋病/安全性行为知识会促进其对安全性行为益处和艾滋病易感性的认知。进而增强其自我效能，最终增强其采纳安全性行为的意向；自尊心是决定自我效能的重要因素；大学生对待婚前/外性行为的赞成程度在很大程度上决定了其发生婚前性行为的意向，而安全性行为益处的认知和安全性行为意向越强，发生婚前性行为的意向也越强。结论 初步建立了大学生预防艾滋病/采纳安全性行为意向的模式，建议在教育内容选择中考虑这些因素。     

广东省在校高中及大学生性行为及影响因素分析

目的了解广东省在校高中生及大学生性行为发生情况及相关影响因素,为制定适合在校青少年的艾滋病健康教育和行为干预措施提供依据。方法采取多阶段整群抽样的方法抽取广东省21个县区的高中及大学在校学生15 971名,采用自填式问卷调查的方式进行调查。结果本次共调查15971人。其中男性占47.2%;女性占49.8%,平均年龄17.7岁。艾滋病知识的知晓率为47.8%（7 627/15971）。7.0%（1114/15 856）的学生有过性行为,高中生和大学生的性行为发生率分别为6.3%和10.6%（χ^2=9.3,P〈0.01）。职业高中和大学生、男性、高年龄组、母亲文化程度高、家庭人均收入高、知晓艾滋病知识以及药物滥用史,和性行为发生正相关,学生的自评成绩好是性行为发生的保护性因素。结论广东省在校青少年性行为发生率较高,尤其是职业高中学生和大学生。应重点加强职业高中和大学的艾滋病健康教育和行为干预,尤其是高年龄组男生和成绩较差的学生,同时要结合预防毒品教育与性教育。     

青少年性观念与婚前性行为关系的探讨

本文对783名大学生与314名行婚前检查女青年的性观念与性行为关系，进行了一元与多元分析（以＞24岁306例作对照）。结果表明，大学生与婚前青少年的性行为与性文化观念、性知识、婚恋观等有密切关系。     

‘We see it as being heterosexualised,being put into a care home’: gender,sexuality and housing/care preferences among older LGB individuals in the UK

This paper considers the lack of choice in sheltered housing and residential/nursing care provision for older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals in the UK. While there is a growing body of knowledge about their concerns about current options, the precise kinds of alternative provision which older LGB individuals would prefer are not yet well understood. This article reports on a qualitative study conducted in 2012 which aimed to explore ageing, gender and sexuality from an equalities perspective. The study deployed semi‐structured interviews with 60 older LGB individuals living in the UK, and used a thematic analysis approach to the data. This paper describes one aspect of the data, relating to participants’ concerns about health and social care provision. The analysis identified several key themes underpinning older LGB individuals’ concerns about mainstream sheltered accommodation and residential care, namely: lack of visibility, risky visibility, unequal openness and compulsory co‐occupation of care spaces. It highlights the significance of gender for housing/care preferences, with a greater proportion of older LGB women wanting gender‐ and/or sexuality‐specific provision compared with men. The social policy, equality and human rights implications of these findings are considered.     

Mothers, daughters and sexual agency in one low-income South African community

Statistics indicate that sexual health problems like HIV/AIDS and teenage pregnancies are prevalent among young South African low-income women. To improve the effectiveness of preventative programmes for adolescents it is important to focus on adolescents' own understanding and experience of their sexual behaviour within the contexts in which it occurs. Female adolescents' experiences of their own sexuality are shaped by a range of contexts: from the very specific context of their intimate relationships to the broader contexts of gender, ethnicity and social class. It is therefore imperative to adopt a research approach that stratifies groups and develops interventions that are based on the needs, interests, sexual beliefs and behaviours of specific communities rather than developing general educational messages. The current paper is part of a larger study exploring female adolescent sexuality in a South African low-income rural coloured community. Twenty-five adolescent coloured women aged 14-18 years were interviewed about how they viewed their sexuality. The grounded theory analysis indicated that the participants demonstrated a limited sense of sexual agency in these constructions of their sexuality. The mothers of these young women were powerful agents in the young womens' constructions of their own sexuality and they unintentionally contributed to their daughters' limited sense of sexual agency. Mothers presented sex as a dangerous activity to their daughters. This discourse of sex as danger contributed towards a mutual understanding that sex should not be talked about. Daughters' deception of their mothers about their sexual activity maintained mother-daughter connections, but left them without an interactional space where they could talk freely to their mothers about sexuality.     

Sexuality and People with Psychiatric Disabilities

This article explores the topic of sexuality and intimacy of people with severe mental illness by addressing a series of questions about the nature of psychiatric disability and its effects on sexual identity and behavior. After describing the characteristics of people with psychiatric disabilities, the paper explores where they fit in the disability rights movement and examines how society treats persons with psychiatric labels. Barriers to full sexual expression are explored, first, from consumer perspectives, and then from the research literature, including a look at impediments to use of contraception and safer sex practices. Finally, the analysis asks a series of questions about issues for women mental health consumers in the expression of their sexuality and access to women's health services, along with sexuality issues for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and HIV-positive consumers. Finally, the paper concludes with suggestions for ways the disability community and larger society can support mental health consumers' efforts to freely express their sexuality and combat stigmatizing societal representations of it.     

Sexuality, Identity and Women with Spinal Cord Injury

Sexuality is an integral component of every individual’s identity. The literature offers limited information about the sexuality and sexual identity of women with spinal cord injury (SCI), beyond the physiological and neurological aspects. The qualitative study described in this paper aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of a small sample of adult women with SCI regarding their sexuality post-injury. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four women, which were audio-taped and then transcribed. Thematic analysis was adopted for analyzing the narrative data. Themes that were identified include: factors facilitating positive sexual adjustment, barriers to sexuality post-injury and lack of sexual education in the rehabilitation process. Women with SCI echoed the need to be recognized as sexual beings, despite disability. Health professionals must be willing to discuss issues of a sexual nature and need an understanding of how illness or disability may impact on sexuality, in order to adequately assist individuals with physical disabilities address sexual and intimacy issues.     

Addressing Sexuality as Standard Care in People with an Upper Limb Deficiency: Taboo or Necessary Topic?

The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether professionals who work with people with an upper limb deficiency (ULD) received questions about sexuality from their patients and whether they addressed sexuality themselves, and to analyze their knowledge and comfort level, approach and attitudes towards sexuality. An online questionnaire, including questions on self-perceived sexological competence and the Knowledge, Comfort, Approach and Attitudes towards Sexuality Scale (KCAASS) was used to asses these aspects. One out of three professionals had received a question about sexuality from their patients. Nearly one out of five professionals had addressed sexuality themselves. Professionals who received a question about sexuality from patients or addressed this issue themselves had significantly higher scores on self-perceived knowledge about sexuality and on self-perceived conversation skills compared to professionals who did not. The scores on the KCAASS Knowledge and Comfort of professionals who received a question about sexuality or addressed the issue of sexuality were significantly higher than those of professionals who did not. Sexuality is thus only scantly discussed by professionals working with patients with an ULD. Professionals indicated they do not feel confident nor comfortable enough to address this issue. They also experience a lack of appropriate knowledge to address sexuality with patients. Professionals reported a need for courses and training on both knowledge and conversation skills concerning sexuality. In addition, a protocol and necessary facilities need to be provided for the team working with people with an ULD in order to be able to address sexuality systematically.     

Constructions of sexuality and intimacy after cancer: patient and health professional perspectives

With an increasing emphasis on the provision of psychosocial support for patients in cancer and palliative care, an emerging body of literature has highlighted the importance of providing the opportunity for patients to discuss issues of intimacy and sexuality with their health professionals. Very little is known about why health professionals struggle with this level of communication in clinical practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss constructions of intimacy and sexuality in cancer and palliative care from patient and health professional perspectives. A three stage reflexive inquiry was used to systematically and critically analyse data from semi-structured interviews (n=82), a textual analysis of 33 national and international clinical practice guidelines and participant feedback at 15 forums where preliminary research findings were presented to patients and health professionals in cancer and palliative care. The study was conducted across one public teaching hospital in Australia from 2002 to 2005. Data were further analysed drawing upon the work of Giddens on reflexivity, intimacy and sexuality, to reveal that the majority of health professionals embraced a less reflexive, more medicalised approach about patient issues of intimacy and sexuality after cancer. This was in stark contrast to the expectations of patients. Cancer had interrupted their sense of self, including how they experienced changes to intimate and sexual aspects of their lives, irrespective of their age, gender, culture, type of cancer or partnership status. Key findings from this project reveal incongruence between the way patients and health professionals constructed sexuality and intimacy. Structures which govern cancer and palliative care settings perpetrated the disparity and made it difficult for health professionals to regard patients as people with sexual and intimate needs or to express their own vulnerability when communicating about these issues in the clinical practice setting. A degree of reflexivity about personal and professional constructions of sexuality and intimacy was required for health professionals to confidently challenge these dominant forces and engage in the type of communication patients were seeking.     

Talking delicacy: speaking about sexuality during gynaecological consultations

Although survey research has shown that both parties in medical consultations have difficulties with discussing issues relating to sexuality, little is known about how talk about sexuality is actually organised in medical consultations. Drawing, in part, on methods from conversation analysis, the present study reveals how both patients and physicians in gynaecological consultations mark potentially delicate matters by ‘expressive caution’, represented by delays, avoidances and depersonalisations. This expressive caution is co-operatively accomplished between the professional and the client. It will be shown that a detailed analysis of how talk is produced in consultations can generate findings relevant to medical practice.     

Communicating with older adults about sexual issues: How are these issues handled by physicians with and without training in human sexuality?

Although sexuality is an important part of health and emotional well-being throughout the entire life cycle, including during old age, little is known about how physicians discuss or approach the topic of sexuality during later life. The present study examined the perspectives of two groups of physicians toward discussing sexuality with older patients: 17 physicians who did not have any training in human sexuality and 21 physicians who were certified as sex therapists. The interviews underwent thematic content analysis to identify and code major themes and patterns. Qualitative analysis of the interviews yielded three main themes: (a) discourse between physicians and older adults regarding sexuality, (b) diagnosing sexual dysfunction among older adults, and (c) treating sexual dysfunction among older adults. Physicians who were not trained in sex therapy did not regularly ask their older patients about sexual functioning and/or problems with sex, tended to diagnose sexual problems from a medical perspective, and offered medication as the main treatment for sexual problems. Physicians trained as sex therapists felt more comfortable discussing sex-related issues with their older patients and diagnosed sexual problems from a medical, social, dyadic and psychological perspective. Although they offered their older patients a greater variety of medication-oriented interventions than those without training in sexuality, they did not rush into such interventions and instead emphasised the importance of the psychological and relational aspects of sex. The present study highlights the importance of human sexuality training for physicians and points out the effects of such training on the discourse, diagnosis and treatment of sexual concerns in later life.