补体调节蛋白CD46对CD4+T细胞的免疫调控

目的:探讨CD46分子对CD4+T细胞的免疫调控作用及其机制.方法:分离人CD4+T淋巴细胞,体外检测CD3、ConA、CD3/CD28、CD3/CD46、CD3/CD28/CD46共刺激对CD4+T细胞的作用效果.并检测其细胞上清液中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的水平.结果:与CD3组或阴性对照组相比,ConA、CD3/CD28、CD3/CD46和CD3/CD28/CD46共刺激后.CD4+T细胞均出现显著增殖反应(P＜0.05).而且CD3/CD28/CD46共刺激组的增殖活性较CD3/CD28或CD3/CD46共刺激组显著增高(P＜0.05).ED3/CD28共刺激后,IL-2和IFN-γ水平较阴性对照组和C03组显著升高(P＜0.05),CD3/CD46共刺激后,IL-10和TGF-β水平较阴性对照组、ConA组、CD3组和CD3/CD28共刺激组显著升高(P＜0.05).结论:补体调节蛋白CD46可以诱导CD4+T细胞的增殖反应并产生IL-10和TGF-β,有可能抑制同种移植免疫反应.     

强直性脊柱炎外周血Th17细胞的检测及意义

目的探讨Th17细胞在强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者外周血中的水平及意义。方法取20例AS患者(分AS病情稳定组及活动组各10例)和健康人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)、免疫磁珠分选CD4+T细胞,用或不用非特异性刺激剂(anti-CD3、anti-CD28),然后加佛被酯/离子霉素,经固定/透膜处理进行细胞内染色,流式细胞术检测CD4+T细胞内白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、及IL-6水平。结果免疫磁珠分选CD4+T细胞纯度达90%以上。AS病情活动组IL-17表达水平较病情稳定组和健康对照组显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。用anti-CD3、anti-CD28刺激后,CD4+T细胞IL-17胞内表达水平较无刺激有一定的增加。AS患者CD4+T细胞IFN-γ胞内表达水平呈现与IL-17表达相似的特点。结论 AS患者外周血CD4+T细胞胞内IL-17和IFN-γ呈高表达,提示分泌IL-17的Th17细胞和分泌IFN-γ的Th1细胞共同参与了AS发病过程。     

脓毒症大鼠调节性T细胞凋亡对辅助性T细胞漂移的影响及血必净注射液的干预作用

目的 探讨脓毒症大鼠CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)凋亡对辅助性T细胞(Th)漂移的影响及血必净注射液的干预作用.方法 将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、血必净组,每组8只.行盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)制备脓毒症大鼠模型.于第3日采用免疫磁珠法分选各组CD4+CD25+Treg并培养12 h,用流式细胞仪检测Treg凋亡率及叉头翼状螺旋转录因子(Foxp3)和T淋巴细胞毒性相关抗原4(CTLA-4)的表达,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的分泌量;再将CD4+CD25+ Treg与CD4+CD25-T细胞1∶1共培养,刀豆素A刺激68 h,ELISA检测Th1、Th2、Th17分泌的γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、IL-4、IL-17水平.结果 正常组Treg凋亡率[(12.03±0.89)%]与假手术组[(9.48±2.17)%]比较差异无统计学意义;模型组Treg凋亡率[(5.87±0.44)%]明显低于正常组和假手术组;而血必净组的Treg凋亡率[(27.29±2.48)%]显著高于其他各组(P均<0.01).Foxp3、CTLA-4表达和IL-10分泌量随Treg凋亡率增加而减少,相关系数(r)分别为-0.878(P=0.042)、-0.877(P=0.042)、-0.743(P=0.010).与正常组比较,模型组IFN-γ、IL-4水平和IFN-γ/IL-4比值均明显升高[IFN-γ:(254.70±44.88)ng/L比(0.68±0.78)ng/L,IL-4:(8.82±0.61)ng/L比(3.48±0.98)ng/L,IFN-γ/IL-4比值:30.28±4.87比0.23±0.30,P均<0.01];而血必净组IFN-γ[(491.54±84.28)ng/L]和IFN-γ/IL-4比值(45.31±8.01)均显著高于模型组(P<0.01和P<0.05);各组间IL-17水平无明显差异(P均>0.05).结论 脓毒症时Treg凋亡率增加可减轻对效应T细胞的抑制功能,血必净注射液能有效促进脓毒症Treg凋亡,介导Th2向Th1漂移.     

食管癌患者外周血CD3+T细胞分泌细胞因子的水平变化及其临床意义

目的探讨食管癌患者外周血CD3~+T细胞分泌细胞因子的水平变化及其临床意义。方法选取2016年1月至2018年1月在西安交通大学第二附属医院接受治疗的28例食管癌患者为研究组,28例健康体检者为健康对照组。比较两组患者的外周血T细胞、外周血CD3~+T细胞分泌因子白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-10、IL-12表达水平、外周血CD3~+T细胞分泌因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和干扰素(IFN)-γ表达水平。结果研究组CD3~+/CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+表达水平低于对照组,研究组CD3~+/CD8~+、CD3~+表达水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组IL-2、IL-10、IL-12表达水平低于对照组,研究组IL-4表达水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组TNF-α表达水平高于对照组,研究组IFN-γ表达水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于食管癌患者,食管癌患者外周血CD3~+T细胞分泌细胞因子CD4~+/CD8~+、CD3~+/CD4~+表达水平显著增高,说明患者的免疫耐受力与免疫逃逸存在较明显的关系。     

Th1/Th2、CD28、ICOS、PD-1和CTLA-4在桥本甲状腺炎患者外周血中的表达及与甲状腺相关实验室指标的相关性

目的 探讨辅助性T淋巴细胞1与辅助性T淋巴细胞2比值(Th1/Th2)、CD28、可诱导共刺激分子(ICOS)、程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)在桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者外周血中的表达及与甲状腺相关实验室指标的相关性。方法 收集2021年在该院门诊或住院治疗的HT患者40例为HT组,另选择同期健康体检者40例为对照组。采用全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测血清甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4和IL-10水平,采用流式细胞仪检测外周血中Th1与Th2细胞,以及CD3⁺CD4⁺T淋巴细胞表面共信号分子CD28、ICOS、PD-1、CTLA-4水平。结果 HT组血清FT4和TPOAb水平均明显高于对照组,TSH、FT3水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HT组外周血中Th1细胞及其相关细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2水平,以...     

CD4+CD29+辅助性T细胞在脊髓损伤患者的表达与临床意义

目的探索CD4+CD29+辅助性T细胞在脊髓损伤患者的表达与临床意义。方法收集脊髓损伤患者75例, 以50例健康人作为对照组, 采用流式细胞术检测外周血CD4+CD29+辅助性T细胞及其胞内细胞因子γ干扰素(IFN-γ)及白介素4(IL-4)含量; 分别在伤后第3及7天复查三者, 并分析三者与Frankel分级的相关性。结果与正常人比较, 脊髓损伤患者CD4+CD29+T细胞及IL-4含量明显升高, 而IFN-γ含量明显降低(P < 0.05);治疗第3天, CD4+CD29+T细胞及IL-4较受伤第1天均有不同程度下降, 而IFN-γ不同程度回升, 其中以D及E级的改变明显(P < 0.05)。治疗第7天, CD4+CD29+T细胞及IL-4继续下降, IFN-γ继续回升, 其中D及E级患者的CD4+CD29+T细胞、IFN-γ及IL-4均较day3有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。相关性分析提示CD4+CD29+T细胞及IL-4均与Frankel分级具有显著正相关性, 而IFN-γ与Frankel分级呈显著负相关性。结论CD4+CD29+辅助性T细胞及IL-4升高, 而IFN-γ降低是脊髓损伤的重要免疫特征, 与病情转归相关, 且与损伤程度呈相关性, 因此具有重要临床意义。      

淋巴结核患者外周血CD4~+CD25~(high)FoxP3~+调节性T淋巴细胞以及血浆IFN-γ和IL-10水平及其临床意义

目的研究淋巴结核患者外周血CD4+CD25highFoxP3+调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平的变化及临床意义。方法采用流式细胞仪对100例淋巴结核患者及30名正常人外周血CD4+CD25highFoxP3+Treg和IFN-γ、IL-10水平进行检测。结果淋巴结核患者组与正常对照组比较,外周血CD4+CD25highFoxP3+Treg和IL-10水平均升高(P0.05),而IFN-γ水平则降低(P0.05)。在干酪样型、增殖型和混合型3种类型的淋巴结核病之间各指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论淋巴结核患者细胞免疫功能明显异常。CD4+CD25highFoxP3+Treg和IFN-γ、IL-10在淋巴结核的发病过程中发挥了重要作用。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞及部分细胞因子的变化

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞和血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ和TGF-β的变化,探讨其与乙型肝炎慢性化的关系。方法选择24例CHB患者作为CHB组、8例急性乙型肝炎(AHB)患者作为AHB组,12例健康体检者作为正常对照组,流式细胞仪检测各组CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的百分率,ELISA双抗体夹心法检测慢性乙型肝炎组和正常对照组上述5种细胞因子的水平。结果 CHB组CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞百分率均明显高于AHB组和正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。CHB组和AHB组的CD4+CD25+Treg百分率与血清HBV-DNA及ALT之间无相关关系(P>0.05)。CHB组血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ和TGF-β水平均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。CHB组IL-2及IFN-γ分别与ALT正相关(P<0.05)。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者存在免疫紊乱,CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞和Th1/Th2细胞的失衡与乙型肝炎慢性化有关。     

基于微小RNA-142-3p与细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4的相互作用探讨细胞因子在原因不明反复性流产的作用

目的 探讨原因不明反复性流产(URSA)过程中微小RNA-142-3p(miR-142-3p)与细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(CTLA-4)的相互作用对细胞因子影响的可能机制。方法 选取2016年9月至2017年12月中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)收治的45例URSA患者纳入流产组,选取同期于中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)进行检查的40例健康早孕者作为对照组进行回顾性研究。采用流式细胞仪检测两组研究对象外周血中CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞百分比,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测Th1型细胞因子与Th2型细胞因子的表达水平。结果 流产组研究对象CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞百分比低于对照组(P <0.05);流产组研究对象外周血中白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的表达水平低于对照组(P <0.05),而白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);流产组研究对象的IL-2/IL-10、IFN-γ/IL-4比值...     

重组人IL-11、G-CSF单独或联合应用对小鼠淋巴细胞免疫功能影响的比较研究

目的探讨重组人(rh)IL-11、rhG-CSF联合应用对小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞数量和功能的影响及其机制。方法应用流式细胞仪对细胞因子处理后的各组T淋巴细胞和亚群、共刺激分子CD28以及抑制性T淋巴细胞(CD3+CD4-CD8-、CD8+CD28-、CD4+CD25+)的数量进行测定;应用MTT法检测各组T淋巴细胞的增殖能力、混合淋巴细胞反应;测定细胞内IL-4、IFN-γ的分泌情况。结果经rhG-CSF单独及rhIL-11、rhG-CSF联合处理淋巴细胞总数和T细胞亚群与对照组比较均下降(P<0.05),而联合处理组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞下降较明显,与其它各组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),CD4+/CD8+细胞的比值联合处理组亦低于其它各组;G-CSF组及联合处理组CD3+CD28+细胞比例与对照组比较下降(P<0.01),CD4+CD28+、CD8+CD28+细胞联合处理组虽较其它各组低,但各组间差异无统计学意义;CD3+CD4-CD8-和CD4+CD25+抑制性T淋巴细胞各组间均无明显差异,而联合处理组CD8+CD28-抑制性T淋巴细胞较其它各组增加(P<0.05);细胞因子动员后各组T淋巴细胞增殖能力、供鼠对异种抗原的反应能力均降低(P<0.05),而联合处理组比其它各组下降更明显;联合处理组、G-CSF组与对照组比较细胞内细胞因子IFN-γ水平下降、IL-4水平升高,联合处理组与G-CSF组比较差异无统计学意义,但IFN-γ/IL-4的比值联合组低于其它各组(P<0.05)。结论rhIL-11与rhG-CSF体内应用后可产生协同作用,通过对T淋巴细胞数量和功能的影响来诱导机体免疫耐受。     

CD137 enhances cytotoxicity of CD3CD56 cells and their capacities to induce CD4 Th1 responses

CD137 (4-1BB) is a TNFR superfamily member that mediates the costimulatory signal resulting in T cells and NK cells proliferation and cytokines production, but the effects of CD137 signaling on CD3⁺CD56⁺ cell subpopulation have not been well-documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CD137 signaling on regulation of CD3⁺CD56⁺ cell function. Anti-CD137 mAb or mouse IgG1 isotype control was added to CIK cell culture to determine the effects of proliferation and anti-tumor effects on CD3⁺CD56⁺ cells. We observed that anti-CD137 mAb could dramatically promote proliferation of CIK cells. And CD137–CIK cells and CD3⁺CD56⁺ cell subpopulation within them possessed higher ability to kill tumor cell line A549. The SCID mice engrafted with A549 cells and treated with CD137–CIK cells have prolonged survival. Further studies revealed that the percentages of CD3⁺CD56⁺ cells were elevated significantly in CD137–CIK cells. The expression of NKG2D was up-regulated on CD3⁺CD56⁺ cells from CD137–CIK cells. The expression of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α increased significantly whereas the production of TGF-β₁, IL-4 and IL-10 decreased in CD3⁺CD56⁺ cells from CD137–CIK cells. In addition, anti-CD137 mAb can elevate the capacity of CD3⁺CD56⁺ cells to induce CD4⁺ Th1 responses. We further showed that the anti-CD137 mAb also had the same effects on CD3⁺CD56⁺ cells expanded from the PBMCs of patients with NSCLC. We concluded that CD137 signaling could enhance the abilities of CIK cells to kill tumor cells in vitro and in vivo via increasing the proportion of CD3⁺CD56⁺ cells and their cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CD137 signaling can elevate the capacity of CD3⁺CD56⁺ cells to induce CD4⁺ Th1 responses which may enhance their anti-tumor activity indirectly. Taken together, our studies could be considered as valuable in CIK cells-based cancer immunotherapy.     

Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD6 by stimulation of CD3: augmentation by the CD4 and CD2 coreceptors

When T cells are activated via the T cell receptor (TCR) complex a number of cellular substrates, including some cell surface proteins, become phosphorylated on tyrosine (Tyr) residues. Phosphorylation of cytoplasmic Tyr renders these cell surface receptors competent to interact with proteins that link cell surface receptors to protein in the intracellular signaling pathways. Here we show that Tyr residues in the cytoplasmic domain of CD6 become phosphorylated upon T cell activation via the TCR complex. Tyr phosphorylation was observed when the T cells were activated by crosslinking CD3 or by cocrosslinking CD3 with CD2 or CD4, but not when the cells were stimulated by crosslinking CD2, CD4, or CD28 alone. Unlike other Tyr kinase substrates, such as the phospholipase C gamma 1-associated pp35/36 protein, whose level of Tyr phosphorylation is highest when T cells are activated by cocrosslinking CD3 with CD2, the levels of CD6 Tyr phosphorylation are highest when T cells were activated by cocrosslinking CD3 with CD4.     

Differential increase of CD34, KDR/CD34, CD133/CD34 and CD117/CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective Circulating progenitor cells (CPC) may contribute to cardiac regeneration and neovascularization after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). For potential therapeutic use, understanding the endogenous mechanisms after ischemia is inevitable. We investigated the absolute number, but also the subset composition of CD34+ CPC after AMI. Methods CD34+, KDR+/ CD34+, CD133+/CD34+ and CD117+/CD34+ CPC were analyzed by FACS in peripheral blood of 10 patients with acute MI (59±5 yrs, m/f=8/2) at day of AMI (day 0) and days 1–5. For comparison patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD, n=12, 66±2 yrs, m/f=10/2) and young healthy volunteers (n=7, 26±2 yrs, m/f=3/4) were studied. Results CD34 and KDR/CD34, CD133/CD34, CD117/CD34 were increased day 3 and 4 after AMI. KDR+ fraction within CD34+ population remained unchanged (58.3±7.8% vs 55.3±10.6%), whereas CD133+ (64.9±3.1% vs 43.5±5.9%, P=0.006) and CD117+ fractions (71.7±5.6% vs 50.1±5.5%, P=0.02) were elevated. In CAD, all CPC and fractions were similar as AMI day 0. Healthy volunteers had more CD34+ than CAD and AMI day 0. Double positive CPC were also higher, but fractions were unchanged vs CAD with more KDR/CD34 in trend (72.8±10.6% vs 50.5±5.6%, P=0.058). After AMI both absolute numbers of CD34+ and their subset composition change, suggesting selective mobilization of CPC. Increased CPC after AMI never reach numbers of young healthy volunteers.     

CD4+CD25+和CD8+调节性T细胞的作用机制

调节性T细胞（Treg）主要在机体免疫系统中发挥负向调节作用,既能抑制不恰当的免疫反应,又能限定免疫应答的范围、程度及作用时间,对CD4^＋和CD8^＋效应性T淋巴细胞的增殖起抑制作用,因此在移植物抗宿主病、自身免疫病、过敏性疾病等的发病机制和临床治疗中有潜在的应用价值.本文重点介绍CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg和CD8^＋Treg的作用机制,并简述调节性T细胞研究面临的挑战与展望.     

Human CD3+ T lymphocytes that express neither CD4 nor CD8 antigens

CD3+ T lymphocytes expressing neither CD4 nor CD8 antigens exist in normal human peripheral blood in low frequency (approximately 3% of lymphocytes). The CD3+,4-,8- phenotype was stably maintained after in vitro culture in IL-2. Culture of CD3+,4-,8- cells in only rIL-2 generated cytotoxic T cells that lysed NK-sensitive and NK-insensitive tumor cell targets without MHC restriction. These experiments clearly show that phenotypically and functionally competent T cells expressing neither CD4 nor CD8 are present in normal peripheral blood.     

CD8alpha- CD11b+ dendritic cells present exogenous virus-like particles to CD8+ T cells and subsequently express CD8alpha and CD205 molecules

Recombinant porcine parvovirus virus-like particles (PPV-VLPs) are particulate exogenous antigens that induce a strong, specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in the absence of adjuvant. In the present report, we demonstrate in vivo that dendritic cells (DCs) present PPV-VLPs to CD8+ T cells after intracellular processing. PPV-VLPs are captured by DCs with a high efficacy, which results in the delivery of these exogenous antigens to 50% of the whole spleen DC population. In vivo, a few hours after injection, PPV-VLPs are presented exclusively to CD8+ T cells by CD8alpha- DCs, whereas 15 hours later they are presented mainly by CD8alpha+ DCs. After PPV-VLPs processing, a fraction of CD11b+ DCs undergo phenotypic changes, i.e., the up-regulation of CD8alpha and CD205 and the loss of CD4 molecules on their surface. The failure to detect mRNA coding for CD8alpha in CD11b+ DCs suggests that CD8alpha expression by these cells is not due to de novo synthesis. In recombination-activating gene knockout mice (Rag-/-), CD11b+ DCs did not express CD8alpha and PPV-VLPs presentation by CD8alpha+ DCs was severely diminished. These results indicate that both CD8alpha- and CD8alpha+ DCs play an important role in the induction of CTL responses by exogenous antigens, such as VLP.     

Contribution of CD4+, CD8+CD28+, and CD8+CD28- T cells to CD3+ lymphocyte homeostasis during the natural course of HIV-1 infection.

The relationship between the number of circulating CD4+ T cells and the presence of particular CD8+ T cell subsets was analyzed by flow cytometry on PBL from asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients whose specimens were collected every 2 mo for a total period of 32 mo. Only slight variations were detected in the absolute number of lymphocytes and percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes, whereas both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets showed wide intrapatient variation. Variations in the number of CD8+CD28+ cells paralleled those of the CD4+ T cell subset in each patient tested, while the presence of CD8+CD28- T cells correlated inversely with CD4+ and CD8+CD28+ T cells. These data show that changes in the number of circulating CD4+-and CD8+CD28+ T cells are strongly related to the presence of CD8+CD28- T cells in these patients. Insight into the significance of CD8+CD28- T cell expansion will allow us to understand the mechanisms and significance of the HIV-1- driven change in CD4+CD8+ T cell homeostasis and the basic immunopathology of HIV disease.