Combination of Nd:Yag laser-induced subconjunctival bleeding and intracameral viscoelastic injection to treat hypotony maculopathy

A 38-year-old man with primary open-angle glaucoma who had undergone trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C developed macular folds consistent with hypotony maculopathy. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser-induced subconjunctival bleeding and injection of a viscoelastic substance into the anterior chamber. The combination of Nd:YAG laser-induced subconjunctival bleeding with intracameral viscoelastic injection appears to be a reasonable alternative to autologous blood injection and may be tried as first-line treatment for hypotony maculopathy caused by overfiltration.     

Refractory severe ocular hypertension after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection

PURPOSE: To report a serious complication following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: In 2 patients, secondary intractable severe ocular hypertension occurred 2 months after a single 4-mg intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema. Both patients required trabeculectomy intervention to control intraocular pressure (IOP). CONCLUSION: We highlight the occurrence of intractable high IOP elevation as a serious complication 2 months after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Cautious monitoring of IOP for several months after this therapy is recommended. The risks of this potentially devastating complication need to be weighed against the benefits of intravitreal triamcinolone in the individual patient.     

白内障超声乳化手术中联合玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿合并重度白内障的疗效观察

目的 观察白内障超声乳化手术中联合玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德（IVTA）治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿（DME）合并重度白内障的临床效果。方法 临床检查确诊为DME伴重度白内障患者21例25只眼纳入研究。其中,15只眼行标准白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术及IVTA治疗（IVTA组）,10只眼仅行标准白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术（非IVTA组）。所有患眼均行最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、裂隙灯显微镜、间接检眼镜及光相干断层扫描（OCT）检查。采用重复测量方差分析,对比IVTA组、非IVTA组手术后1、3、6个月的平均最小分辨角对数（logMAR）BCVA及黄斑中心凹厚度（CMT）变化情况。对手术前后logMAR BCVA与CMT行Pearson相关性分析。采用多元线性回归分析法分析影响手术后6个月视力恢复的相关因素。结果 重复测量方差分析结果显示,IVTA组与非IVTA组手术后平均logMAR BCVA均较手术前提高。IVTA组与非IVTA组手术前后平均logMAR BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义（F=4.855、6.235,P=0.037、0.020）。手术后1、3、6个月,IVTA组与非IVTA组平均logMAR BCVA改善程度比较,差异均无统计学意义（F=0.007、0.006、0.023,P=0.973、0.938、0.882）。手术后1、3个月,IVTA组CMT降低程度优于非IVTA组;两组CMT降低程度比较,差异有统计学意义（F=10.449、7.374,P=0.012、0.026）。手术后6个月,IVTA组与非IVTA组CMT降低程度比较,差异无统计学意义（F=2.173,P=0.114）。相关性分析结果显示,手术前及手术后6个月平均logMAR BCVA与平均CMT之间均无相关性（r=0.279、0.172,P=0.295、0.574）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,影响手术后6个月视力恢复的因素有外界膜状态和糖尿病病程（β=0.577、-0.411,P=0.025、0.030）。结论 白内障超声乳化手术中联合IVTA治疗DME合并重度白内障可在短期内减轻黄斑水肿,改善患者视力。     

玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德后眼内炎诊断和治疗(附1例报告)

目的:报道眼内抗生素注药成功治愈玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德后感染性眼内炎1例。方法:病例报道。结果:患者1例在接受玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德后被培养证实并发感染性眼内炎,发病90多小时后进行了玻璃体腔内联合抗生素注射取得了满意的效果。结论:玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德能够有效减轻视网膜分支静脉阻塞后的黄斑水肿,但患者应该被密切随访以警惕非感染性或细菌感染性眼内炎的发生。     

Ocular ischemia with hypotony after injection of hyaluronic acid gel

The authors experienced a case with ocular ischemia with hypotony following injection of a dermal filler for augmentation rhinoplasty. Immediately after injection, the patient demonstrated a permanent visual loss with typical fundus features of central retinal artery occlusion. Multiple crusted ulcerative patches around the nose and left periorbit developed, and the left eye became severely inflamed, ophthalmoplegic, and hypotonic. Signs of anterior and posterior segment ischemia were observed including severe cornea edema, iris atrophy, and chorioretinal swelling. The retrograde arterial embolization of hyaluronic acid gel from vascular branches of nasal tip to central retinal artery and long posterior ciliary artery was highly suspicious. After 6 months of follow up, skin lesions and eyeball movement became normalized, but progressive exudative and tractional retinal detachment was causing phthisis bulbi.     

玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗对重度NPDR黄斑水肿患者脉络膜的影响

目的：探讨玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗治疗重度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)黄斑水肿患者脉络膜的厚度变化情况,分析脉络膜的厚度与患者视力的关系。

方法：选取2014-01-01/2017-01-01于我院接受治疗的80例80眼重度NPDR黄斑水肿患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为观察组和对照组,每组40例40眼。对照组采取常规方式治疗,观察组在玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗治疗。记录两组患者治疗前后1mo的黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度和黄斑区视网膜神经上皮厚度,并进行比较分析两组患者治疗前后1mo最佳矫正视力的变化情况,通过回归分析研究黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度与患者视网膜神经上皮厚度和最佳矫正LogMAR视力值的相关性,比较两组患者治疗后6wk的并发症和不良反应情况。

结果：观察组和对照组治疗前1mo黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度和黄斑区视网膜神经上皮厚度分别为219.57±51.24μm和474.76±95.56μm,217.56±50.36μm和473.27±96.48μm; 观察组和对照组治疗后1mo黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度和黄斑区视网膜神经上皮厚度分别为180.15±42.06μm和382.18±84.26μm,202.48±48.28μm和407.88±44.25μm,两组患者治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组治疗后1mo最佳矫正LogMAR视力分别为0.47±0.19和0.53±0.25,两组患者治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度和最佳矫正LogMAR视力值存在正相关性(回归系数=1.12,S=0.48,OR=1.376,P<0.05),黄斑区视网膜神经上皮厚度和最佳矫正LogMAR视力值存在正相关性(回归系数=0.95,S=0.27,OR=1.020,P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后6wk结膜下出血2例2眼(5%)、青光眼1例1眼(2.5%)、玻璃体内积血1例1眼(2.5%)、脉络膜脱离0例、视网膜脱离0例; 对照组患者治疗后6wk结膜下出血4例4眼(10%)、青光眼2例2眼(5%)、玻璃体内积血2例2眼(5%)、脉络膜脱离2例2眼(5%)、视网膜脱离2例2眼(5%); 两组患者并发症和不良反应比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：重度NPDR黄斑水肿患者的脉络膜厚度与最佳矫正视力存在相关性,玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗能够有效降低黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度,减轻黄斑水肿情况并改善视力,且并发症比较少。     

玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗严重增生型糖尿病视网膜病变的临床观察

目的：：分析并探讨玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗严重增生型糖尿病视网膜病变的临床效果。方法：选取2012-05/2015-05在我院接受治疗的严重增生型糖尿病视网膜疾病患者120例120眼,根据病情及患者意愿分为观察组与对照组,每组60例60眼。两组患者在术前均进行超声检查、超声生物显微镜检查、眼底照相、眼压检查等一系列眼部检查。两组患者均行玻璃体切割手术,在此基础上,观察组联合注射雷珠单抗,对照组仅行玻璃体切割手术。结果：观察组治疗有效率为80.0％,对照组治疗有效率为61.7％。观察组治疗有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义( P<0.05)。观察组术后眼压为14.96±3.53mmHg,LogMAR BCVA为0.82±0.21。对照组术后眼压为15.04±3.84mmHg,LogMAR BCVA为1.05±0.22。两组患者治疗后眼压无统计学意义( P>0.05), LogMAR BCVA与治疗前相比有明显差异,观察组更加明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后炎症因子浓度存在显著差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗严重增生型糖尿病视网膜病变的临床效果显著,值得推广。     

Management of iatrogenic crystalline lens injury occurred during intravitreal injection

To evaluate the approach to management of iatrogenic crystalline lens injury occurred during intravitreal injection (IVI). The patients who were managed operatively or followed-up without intervention after the iatrogenic lens injury due to IVI were included in the study. Capsular breaks remained either quiescent or resulted in cataract formation in the patients with inadvertent crystalline lens capsule damage. Phacoemulsification surgery was performed in patients with cataract formation with lower fluidic settings. A total of 9 cases included in the study. Seven cases underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Two cases remained as quiescent lens injury during the follow-up. In 2 cases, dislocation of lens fragments occurred during phacoemulsification where pars plana vitrectomy was performed at the same session. After iatrogenic crystalline lens injury, capsular damage could remain quiescent or progress to cataract formation. Although phacoemulsification surgery can be performed with appropriate parameters, lens fragment dislocation can be observed in cases with traumatic lens damage secondary to IVI.     

Resolution of severe macular edema in adult coats' disease with intravitreal triamcinolone and bevacizumab injection

A 47 year old male patient visited our hospital with the chief complaint of deterioration of the visual acuity in the left eye. The fundus examination revealed thick hard exudates, multiple aneurysms and telangiectasias of the retinal vessels in the posterior pole. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated massive leakage over an area of the aneurysms. Optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT; Zeiss-Humphrey, Dubin, CA) revealed diffuse and marked thickening of the retina. Laser photocoagulation was performed under the diagnosis of Coats' disease. However, the treatment could not be performed satisfactorily. On the first and 6th weeks, an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide was administered, and laser photocoagulation was again attempted. The effectiveness of eachagent on retinal edema was evaluated at the follow-up performed at 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 weeks and 6 months after the injection. At one week after the intravitreal bevacizumab injection, there was no improvement. An intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide was performed 6 weeks after the initial diagnosis,which resulted in a reduction in the thickness of the macular edema. Therefore, laser photocoagulation was performed sufficiently on telangiectasias. The follow-up at 6 months showed a relative increase in the macular edema, but there was reduced leakage from the telangiectasias compared with the previous angiograph.     

Management of hypotony after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of hypotony and the effectiveness of medical and surgical treatment. A total 117 eyes of 103 patients that underwent trabeculectomy with mitimycin C (MMC) between 1993 and 2000 were reviewed. Hypotony was treated with the following methods in a stepwise manner: medical treatment, intrableb autologous blood injection, additional sutures to the scleral flap, necrotic bleb excision and advancement of the forniceal conjunctival flap. Hypotony developed in 30 eyes (25.6%) of 26 patients, among, which hypotonic maculopathy developed in 11 eyes (9.4%). The risk factors of hypotony were young age and primary open angle glaucoma. Because of no light sense, 6 of the 30 hypotonic eyes were not treated. Nineteen (79.2%) of the 24 treated hypotonic eyes were successfully managed. Five eyes, 3 with hypotony but maintaining visual acuity and 2 with follow-up loss, were not included in the success group. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) before treatment, 2.5 +/- 1.2 mmHg, increased to 8.3 +/- 4.0 mmHg at 18.5 months follow-up. The stepwise treatment seems to be a useful method to manage hypotony after trabeculectomy with MMC.     

Management of fibrin pupillary-block glaucoma after pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal gas injection

After pars plana vitrectomy and fluid-gas exchange, two patients developed fibrin membranes across the pupillary space resulting in pupillary block and subsequent glaucoma. In one case the angle was closed; in the second case the angle was open because of gas in the anterior chamber. In both cases the argon laser made permanent openings in the fibrin pupillary membrane that relieved the pupillary block.     

Management of submacular hemorrhage with intravitreal versus subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

Aim  

To compare the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (ppV) with intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and gas versus ppV with subretinal injection of rtPA and intravitreal injection of gas.     

Management of submacular hemorrhage with intravitreal injection of tissue plasminogen activator and expansile gas

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and expansile gas injection as a minimally invasive treatment for submacular hemorrhage (SMH). METHODS: This study was a retrospective clinical case series examining 104 eyes that received an intravitreal injection of 30-100 mcg of tPA and expansile gas (SF6 or C3F8) for SMH. The main outcomes evaluated were visual acuities (VA), anatomic displacement of submacular blood, and surgical complications. RESULTS:: A total of 85, 77, and 81 eyes were available at 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months follow up, respectively. Postoperatively, > or = 2 Snellen lines improvement were achieved in 43/85 eyes (51%) at 1 week, 49/77 eyes (63%) at 3 months, and 52/81 eyes (64%) at 12 months. Postoperative VA improvement was significantly associated with preoperative VA, submacular blood displacement, and the underlying cause of SMH. Diagnostic postoperative angiogram and clinical examination were possible at 8.2 +/- 7.4 weeks and 9.5 +/- 7.4 weeks, respectively. The observed complications included breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage in 8 eyes (8%) and retinal detachment in 3 eyes (3%). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective series, intravitreal injection of tPA and expansile gas was shown to be a safe and effective technique that can improve VA in most eyes with SMH and assist in the diagnosis of the underlying cause.     

玻璃体腔注入空气治疗视网膜脱离

采用玻璃体腔注入空气联合其他复位手术治疗各种类型视网膜脱离３９例，取得满意疗效。随访治愈率为８９．７％。消毒空气较易得到，空气在玻璃体腔停留的数日内，有助于裂孔封闭、视网膜下液的排除、吸收、脱离的视网膜复位。本文介绍眼内注气的方法，检查事项，对注入空气的临床应用、适应证及并发症进行了讨论。