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��������˥�ߵ����ν�չ 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
心力衰竭是由于任何原因引起的心肌结构和功能的变化,导致心室充盈和射血障碍而引起的一组临床综合征.心力衰竭是各种心血管疾病发展的最后阶段.目前美国心力衰竭患者达到500万人,每年新增病例55万人,预计至2030年可能上升到1 000万人.老龄化与各种危险因素增加是心力衰竭发病率增长的主要因素.年龄超过65岁的老年人心力衰竭患病率达到10‰,大约80%的心力衰竭住院患者年龄超过65岁.心力衰竭发病率高,年存活率与恶性肿瘤相仿.心力衰竭已成为主要的公共卫生问题. 相似文献
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���������Էμ������Լ��ص����ν�չ 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王秋月 《中国实用内科杂志》2007,27(16):1243-1246
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种以不完全可逆性气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的气道慢性炎症性疾病。COPD病程中,患者常因感染等因素诱发出现COPD急性加重(AECOPD)。频繁发作的急性加重可使患者生存质量下降,肺功能进一步恶化,住院率和病死率上升。本文简述AECOPD诊治进展的相 相似文献
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�ٴ����õ�����ظ�Ⱦ�����ν�չ 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
施光峰 《中国实用内科杂志》2007,27(1):68-70
随着各种留置导管(例如动、静脉导管等)在临床的广泛应用,导管相关感染(catheter-related infection,CRI)也随之增多.对该种感染特别是导管相关血流感染(CRBSIs)的处理,各专科医生都面临新的挑战.以下就近年来这方面的进展进行说明. 相似文献
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���Թ�״�����ۺ��������ν�չ 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)一直是国内外心脏病学领域的研究热点。虽然在诊断与治疗方法方面近年来并无突破性进展,但伴随着越来越多的循证医学研究证据的积累,其治疗观念不断发生着深刻变化。特别是对于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与药物洗脱支架(DES)在ACS治疗中所处地位的重新评估,以及对患者健康教育与药物治疗基石地位的进一步重视,势必将对改善ACS的防治现状产生积极影响。1ST段抬高型ACS至少已有数十项循证医学研究充分论证了对于ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)早期再灌注可使患者显著获益,但2006年公布… 相似文献
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李静 《中国实用内科杂志》2014,34(4):332-335
??Abstract??It has been found that overt hypothyroidism can increase the risk for adverse outcomes in pregnancy and subclinical hypothyroidism may also have similar effects.The diagnosis of hypothyroidism should be performed based on both trimester- and method-specific reference ranges for serum TSH and FT??4.A study has recently reported that the normal reference range of serum TSH in women during 4-6 weeks of pregnancy should be same as that of non-pregnant females.The pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism must be given with L-thyroxine.Those with both subclinical hypothyroidism and positive TPOAb in the sera should also be treated although termination of pregnancy is not necessary. 相似文献
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�ھ������Ե�ϵ���������ν�չ 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
胆管和胆囊毗邻结构复杂 ,尤其是胆管常规影像检查难以清楚显示。加之胆系肿瘤缺乏特异性肿瘤标志物 ,尽管目前内镜下逆行性胰胆管造影术 (ERCP)和磁共振胆管胰管成像术 (MR CP)巳广泛应用于临床 ,但胆总管下段病灶显示仍较困难。自内镜超声检查术 (EUS)和管内超声探头 (IDUS)应用于临床以来 ,对胆管和胆囊疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断提供了一种有价值的新方法。本文就此作一概述。1 仪器及选择目前应用于临床的超声内镜仪及其辅助设备品种繁多 ,大致分为 3大类 :即诊断用超声内镜、微型导管式超声探头及特殊超声内镜。其中大部分可用于对… 相似文献
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��֢�Գ��������ν�չ 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel diseases,IBD)是一组病因不明的慢性肠道炎症性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn's disease,CD).前者又称非特异性溃疡性结肠炎,是一种原因不明的直肠和结肠炎症,病变主要限于大肠黏膜与黏膜下层.临床主要表现为腹泻、腹痛和黏液脓血便,多呈反复发作慢性过程.后者为一种慢性肉芽肿性炎症,病变可累及胃肠道各部位,而以末段回肠及其邻近结肠为主,多呈节段性、非对称性分布.临床主要表现为腹痛、腹泻、瘘管、肛门及肛周病变和不同程度的肠外表现. 相似文献
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Richalet JP Rivera M Bouchet P Chirinos E Onnen I Petitjean O Bienvenu A Lasne F Moutereau S León-Velarde F 《American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine》2005,172(11):1427-1433
RATIONALE: Chronic mountain sickness or Monge's disease is characterized by an excessive polycythemia in high-altitude dwellers, with a prevalence of 5 to 18% above 3,200 m. To date, no pharmacologic treatment is available. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy of acetazolamide in the treatment of chronic mountain sickness and the importance of nocturnal hypoxemia in its pathophysiology. METHODS: A double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed in three groups of patients from Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,300 m), treated orally for 3 weeks with placebo (n = 10), 250 mg of acetazolamide (n = 10), or 500 mg of acetazolamide (n = 10), daily. RESULTS: Acetazolamide decreased hematocrit by 7.1% (p < 0.001) and 6.7% (p < 0.001), serum erythropoietin by 67% (p < 0.01) and 50% (p < 0.001), and serum soluble transferrin receptors by 11.1% (p < 0.05) and 3.4% (p < 0.001), and increased serum ferritin by 540% (p < 0.001) and 134% (p < 0.001), for groups treated with 250 and 500 mg of acetazolamide, respectively. Acetazolamide (250 mg) increased nocturnal arterial O(2) saturation by 5% (p < 0.01) and decreased mean nocturnal heart rate by 11% (p < 0.05) and the number of apnea-hypopnea episodes during sleep by 74% (p < 0.05). The decrease in erythropoietin was attributed mainly to the acetazolamide-induced increase in ventilation and arterial O(2) saturation. CONCLUSIONS: Acetazolamide, the first efficient pharmacologic treatment of chronic mountain sickness without adverse effects, reduces hypoventilation, which may be accentuated during sleep, and blunts erythropoiesis. Its low cost may allow wide development with a considerable positive impact on public health in high-altitude regions. 相似文献
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