枕颈融合术后Takami枕颈角与下颈椎曲度的相关性分析

目的:分析枕颈融合术后Takami枕颈角(Takami's occipitocervical angle,TOCA)与下颈椎曲度的相关性分析,探讨术中枕颈固定合适的TOCA范围.方法:收集50例无颈部畸形、颈椎退变、颈部外伤史及手术史的成人(对照组)颈椎侧位X线片,测量TOCA及C2-C7 Cobb角.回顾性分析201...     

不同类型颈椎病患者颈伸肌肌容量与颈椎矢状位参数的差异及相关性研究

目的 :探讨不同类型颈椎病患者之间颈伸肌肌容量与颈椎矢状位序列的差异及相关性。方法 :回顾性分析2016年5月～2018年7月就诊于北京大学国际医院的颈椎病患者563例,其中男性304例,女性259例,平均年龄53.3±19.6岁,根据颈椎病的类型分为A组(脊髓型颈椎病,n=208)、B组(神经根型颈椎病,n=194)和C组(颈型颈椎病,以轴性症状为主且无神经受压的临床症状或体征,n=161)。所有患者行颈椎MRI及颈椎侧位X线片检查。通过PACS (picture archiving and communication systems)系统在颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位参数序列:C2-7 Cobb角、C0-2 Cobb角、C7斜率(C7 slope,C7S)和C2-7矢状垂直轴(C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,C2-7 SVA)。通过Image J软件对MRI轴位像上C3～7上终板水平浅层颈伸肌截面积(superficial extensor area,SEA)、深层颈伸肌截面积(deep extensor area,DEA)与相应颈椎椎体截面积(vertebra body area,VBA)的比值进行了测量和分析,以SEA/VBA及DEA/VBA作为颈伸肌肌容量。采用ANOVA单因素方差分析对组间矢状位参数,颈伸肌肌容量进行对比(组间两两对比采用Games-Howell法),采用Pearson相关性分析对颈伸肌肌容量与矢状位参数关联性进行分析。结果:C2-7 Cobb角A组(8.64°±6.19°)显著低于B组(12.55°±6.27°,P0.05)及C组(13.08°±5.77°,P0.05);C7S A组(28.09°±10.16°)显著高于B组(22.26°±7.55°,P0.05)及C组(21.63°±8.96°,P0.01);C2-7 SVA A组(21.77±12.38mm)显著高于B组(17.80±10.82mm,P0.05)及C组(15.54±6.82mm,P0.01)。SEA/DEA比值各组之间无显著统计学差异,A组患者DEA/VBA比值明显低于B、C组(P0.05),其中以C3-5水平差异最为显著(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示A组C3 DEA/VBA比值与C2-7 SVA (r=-0.379,P0.05)及C7S (r=-0.311,P0.05)呈弱负相关,C4水平DEA/VBA比值与C2-7 SVA (r=-0.478,P0.01)及C7S(r=-0.466,P0.01)呈中度负相关,而SEA/VBA比值与矢状位参数未表现出显著统计学相关性。结论:脊髓型颈椎病患者的颈椎矢状位序列较其他类型颈椎病表现出显著的失平衡改变,脊髓型颈椎病患者的深层颈伸肌体积显著低于其他类型的颈椎病,深层颈伸肌近头端附着区域的体积与C2-7 SVA及C7S之间存在一定程度的负相关性。     

上颈椎术后颈椎矢状位参数变化及影响因素

目的:分析寰枢椎脱位患者上颈椎术后颈椎矢状位参数变化及影响因素。方法:对2011年3月至2022年7月行上颈椎手术的15例寰枢椎脱位患者进行回顾性分析,统计所有患者的基本信息及术前与末次随访的矢状位参数,包括枕颈角(C0-C2 Cobb角)、下颈椎曲度(C2-C7 Cobb角)、T1倾斜角、颈椎矢状面轴向垂直距离(C2-C7 SVA),并进行统计学分析。结果:末次随访时患者的C2-C7 Cobb角为15.18°±12.41°,小于术前的24.30°±15.57°;末次随访时患者的T1倾斜角为28.09°±15.20°,大于术前的24.14°±15.59°,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。末次随访时患者C0-C2 Cobb角和C2-C7 SVA增大,但与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。ΔC2-C7 Cobb角与术前C2-C7 Cobb角的大小有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前C2-C7 Cobb角>20°的患者术后均出现不同程度的下颈椎曲度减小。结论:接受上颈椎手术的寰枢椎脱位患者术后可能出现下颈椎曲度减小,术后下颈椎曲度的丢失与术前C...     

超声骨刀在颈前路混合减压融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的应用

目的 探讨运用超声骨刀辅助下颈前路混合减压融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法 2019年1月～2021年1月在超声骨刀辅助下行颈前路混合减压融合术治疗的多节段脊髓型颈椎病病人31例。分析病例围手术期、后期随访数据和影像学资料。结果 31例病人均顺利完成手术，术后3例出现一过性吞咽异物感，术后1个月1例病人出现钛网下沉，经密切观察，最终稳定融合；无椎动脉损伤、食管漏等并发症发生。术后1个月JOA、NDI评分分别为(11.23±1.41)和(14.77±3.10),末次随访JOA、NDI评分分别为(12.84±1.73)和(12.77±3.80),术后各随访时间点JOA、NDI评分较术前均改善，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月颈椎前凸角(Cobb角)、颈椎矢状位轴向距离(SVA)、T1倾斜角(T1S)分别为(15.44±2.39)°、(14.26±3.23)°和(28.18±4.49)°,末次随访Cobb角、SVA、T1S分别为(16.24±1.06)°、(12.96±2.43)°和(27.50±3.05)°,术后各随访时间点Cobb角、SVA、T1S均较术前提...     

颈椎矢状力线和颈椎间盘退变的关系

[目的]探讨T_1倾斜角等颈椎矢状力线和颈椎间盘退变的关系。[方法]回顾分析2016年8月～2017年8月60例颈椎退行性疾病患者,其中男25例,女35例,年龄51～68岁,平均(61.00±5.30)岁,病程5～13个月,平均(9.60±2.55)个月。所有患者拍摄颈椎侧位X线片以及颈椎MR,依据Pfirrmann分级评定椎间盘退变;测量矢状面位移(SVA)、颈椎前凸角(CL)、颈倾斜角(NT)、胸廓入射角(TIA)、T_1倾斜角(T_1S)。[结果] 60例患者中按T_1S测量结果分为T_1S<25°组27例,T_1S≥25°组33例, T_1S<25°组C_(5/6)和C_(6/7)节段的颈椎椎间盘退变Pfirrmann评级显著大于T_1S≥25°组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T_1S与C_(5/6)椎间盘退变分级呈负相关(R=-0.590,P<0.05),与C_(6/7)椎间盘退变分级呈负相关(R=-0.794, P<0.05)。60例患者按椎间盘退变Pfirrmann评分分为两组,≤15分25例,>15分35例,两组间TIA、T_1S和NT的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≤15分组的CL显著大于>15分组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。≤15分组的C_(2-7)SVA显著小于>15分组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CL与Pfirrmann分级呈负相关(R=-0.865,P<0.05),C_(2～7)SVA与Pfirrmann分级呈正相关(R=0.791,P<0.05)。[结论]颈椎矢状力线与颈椎椎间盘退变相关,CL与椎间盘退变呈负相关,C_(2-7)SVA与椎间盘退变呈正相关,T_1S与C_(5/6)、C_(6/7)椎间盘退变呈现负相关。     

不同后枕颈角对枕颈融合时下颈椎运动范围和椎间压力的影响

【摘要】 目的：分析以不同后枕颈角（posterior occipitocervical angle,POCA）行枕颈固定时下颈椎的运动范围（range of motion,ROM）和椎间压力（intradiscal pressure,IDP）,探讨枕颈融合（occipitocervical fusion,OCF）术中POCA的选择策略。方法：选取8具新鲜冰冻人体枕颈部标本（C0~T1,头端包括枕骨粗隆以下的颅底骨性结构）,年龄为25～45岁,男4具,女4具,X线透视排除骨性异常及破坏。剔除附着的肌肉、脂肪组织,完整保留各种韧带、关节囊及椎间盘,作为正常组。将标本置于2N·m 载荷下,运用伺服液压材料测试系统、光电运动分析系统及微型压力传感器测量C3/4、C4/5、C5/6、C6/7运动节段在前屈、后伸、左旋及左侧弯4个方向上的ROM以及IDP。后将标本以不同POCA行枕颈固定作为实验组,5组分别为：中立位组（POCA=111°）、中立位-标准差（standard deviation,SD）组（POCA=101°）、中立位+SD组（POCA=121°）、中立位-2SD组（POCA=91°）及中立位+2SD组（POCA=131°）。固定节段为C0、C2及C3。各实验组均采用位移控制模式进行实验,测量4个运动节段在4个方向上的ROM及IDP。结果：枕颈固定以后,C0~C3 4个方向上的ROM较正常组均显著减小（P<0.001）。POCA的变化对4个运动节段前屈和后伸方向上的ROM及IDP的影响呈现一定的规律性：前屈方向上,随着POCA的增大,各节段的ROM及IDP呈递减趋势;后伸方向上,随着POCA的增大,各节段的ROM呈递增趋势,而IDP呈减小趋势。POCA固定于中立位时,各运动节段前屈、后伸方向上的ROM虽明显大于正常组,但未出现POCA过小时前屈方向上或过大时后伸方向上极度增大的ROM,且IDP与正常组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。而在左旋及左侧弯方向上,随POCA变化4个运动节段的ROM较正常组显著增加,但其对ROM及IDP的影响无规律性。结论：OCF术中,POCA于中立位固定时,下颈椎的ROM、IDP最接近正常状态。     

枕颈融合联合扩大成形减压治疗枕颈区畸形

目的探讨枕颈融合联合扩大成形减压术在治疗枕颈区畸形中的应用价值。方法对18例枕颈区畸形患者行后路颈椎管扩大成形、脊髓减压、枕颈融合、取髂骨植骨内固定术。采用JOA评分评价患者功能改善情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间13～38个月。15例术后3个月植骨融合,3例术后6个月植骨融合。无脑脊液漏、脊髓损伤加重、脊髓空洞等并发症。术后12个月JOA评分为13～18(15. 42±0. 52)分,较术前8～12(11. 52±0. 79)分明显改善(P 0. 05),改善率为71%。结论枕颈融合联合椎管扩大成形术能有效解除枕颈段脊髓压迫、稳定上颈椎,是脊髓减压、重建上颈椎稳定性有效、可靠的方法。     

经前路枕颈融合术斜坡置钉的影像学研究

目的:探讨经前路枕颈融合术斜坡置钉的影像学参数.方法:2006年5月～2011年4月在我院行颅颈区多层螺旋CT扫描的患者中,排除:(1)＜20岁;(2)术后CT扫描;(3)枕颈部解剖异常,如先天性颅寰枕融合、颅底凹陷等;(4)肿瘤、外伤或感染患者.共有30例患者入选,男19例,女11例,年龄20～64岁,平均38.8岁.将30例患者的颅颈区CT扫描原始数据输入MXV工作站,进行多平面二维重建(MPR),重建好的图像保存于PACS系统并进行分析测量:在矢状位上确定颅底斜坡最佳进钉点A2再作水平线即为A线,斜坡最高点水平线即为C线,两线中点等距水平线即为B线,三线上分别有3个相距为3.5mm(即Zephir钢板螺钉孔直径)的进钉点,A线3个点作为最佳进钉点,B线3个点为候选进钉点,C线3个点为极限进钉点;在其矢状位图像上测量每个进钉点分别以水平角度(HA)、垂直角度(VA)以及极限向上倾斜角度(LA)进钉的安全角度和螺钉长度范围,并测量颅颈区内固定钢板或钛笼所需的折弯角度.结果:斜坡置钉相对安全的进钉范围呈一个不规则的梯形区域,在分别以A、B和C线的点为进钉点、以最佳进钉角度(VA)进钉时,平均钉道长度为(7.57±1.38)mm、(10.13±2.46)mm和(15.60±3.12)mm,三者间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).通过重建矢状位图像测量斜坡螺钉结果显示,29例患者在B线达到了VA,13例在C1和C2达到VA,12例在C3达到VA,其中1例在C1达到VA而在C2和C3处未达到,1例在C1和C2处达到但C3处未达到VA.矢状位图像测量中最佳进钉点、候补进钉点及极限进钉点的最大安全进钉角度分别为130.19°±8.00°、125.23°±13.24°和85.72°±24.33°,三者间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).内固定钢板或者钛笼所需的折弯角度为121.36°～140.18°(130.19°±8.00°).结论:经前路枕颈融合术在颅颈区斜坡置钉内固定是一种可行的选择,并且存在一个安全进钉角度和螺钉长度范围.     

枕颈内固定系统在枕颈融合术中的应用

目的：探讨枕颈内固定系统在枕颈融合术中的应用价值。方法：对23例因先天性发育畸形、陈旧性骨折脱位及肿瘤所致的上颈椎不稳者在行枕颈融合术同时应用枕颈内固定系统行枕颈部内固定术。术后进行6～24个月(平均22个月)随访。结果：术后症状缓解，神经功能改善者占91％(21／23)，术后9个月植骨融合率达到100％。无内固定棒钉断裂及脱钩现象，仅有1例术后3个月出现枕骨部螺钉松动。结论：在行枕颈融合时应用枕颈内固定具有可获得术后枕颈部即刻稳定，防止植骨块移位，术后无需卧石膏床和提高植骨融合率等优点。     

寰枢椎脱位不同后路融合术对相邻节段退变的影响

目的:观察寰枢椎脱位不同后路融合术对其相邻节段退变的影响。方法:2000年6月~2010年6月共纳入43例寰枢椎脱位患者,按照后路融合方式分为寰枢融合组(23例)和枕颈融合组(20例)。记录两组患者末次随访时相邻节段C2-3半脱位(SAS)的出现率及活动度,术前及末次随访时的C2/3椎间隙高度与C3椎体高度的比值(S值)及C2-7矢状位角度,并进行统计学比较。结果:两组术前的JOA评分、S值及C2-7矢状位角度差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。寰枢融合组随访时间为7.40±1.51年,枕颈融合组随访时间为6.97±1.32年,组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。23例行寰枢融合术者出现2例SAS(8.7%),20例行枕颈融合术者出现7例SAS(35%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。寰枢融合组和枕颈融合组末次随访时S值均较术前减小,枕颈融合组S值减小更明显,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,寰枢融合组及枕颈融合组C2-3活动度分别为3.78°±3.01°和1.45°±1.72°,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。寰枢融合组C2-7矢状位角度由术前的15.16°±5.66°降至末次随访的12.40°±9.34°,枕颈融合组由术前的15.54°±6.54°降至末次随访的-0.22°±12.45°,两组末次随访的C2-7矢状位角度有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:寰枢融合术比枕颈融合术的颈椎相邻节段退变发生率低、程度轻,临床上应严格掌握手术指征,不要轻易行枕颈融合。     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数分析

目的通过对强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数对比分析及相关性研究,探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨（pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO）矫形对矢状面脊柱骨盆序列的影响,进而探究AS后凸患者脊柱骨盆序列的代偿机制。方法 2004年1月～2010年3月,38例AS僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形患者行后路单节段或双节段截骨矫形椎弓根螺钉内固定术。矫形前后拍摄全脊柱侧位X线片,测量AS患者全脊柱后凸角（Cobb T1～S1）、矢状面平衡距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvictilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）及截骨角度（PSO angle）。观察矫形前后影像学参数变化,控制影响患者个体差异的因素,将影像学参数做偏相关分析。结果矫形前,Cobb T1～S1=56°±28°,PI=45°±9°,PT=38°±13°,SS=7°±12°,SVA=21 cm±9 cm;矫形后,Cobb T1～S1=11°±22°,PI=46°±9°,PT=21°±10°,SS=24°±9°,SVA=9 cm±5 cm。矫形前,PT、SVA与Cobb T1～S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.81（P〈0.01）、0.64（P〈0.01）;矫形后,PT、SVA与Cobb T1-S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.58（P〈0.05）、0.72（P〈0.01）。PSO angle与Cobb T1～S1、PT偏相关系数分别为r=-0.82（P〈0.01）、-0.56（P〈0.05）,PSO angle与SVA无相关性。结论矫形前后,AS患者通过后旋骨盆代偿全脊柱后凸所致的矢状面失平衡;骨盆后旋程度、矢状面平衡距离与全脊柱后凸程度呈正相关;人体自身代偿机制优先恢复骨盆的中立状态而非改善矢状面平衡距离。     

3D打印钛合金椎间融合器置入治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效及颈椎矢状位参数变化

目的 探讨3D打印钛合金椎间融合器(3D Cage)置入治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效及颈椎矢状位参数变化.方法 回顾性研究我院2018年7月至2020年1月收治的接受单节段颈椎前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)的脊髓型颈椎病病人39例,按照...     

Differences in cervical sagittal alignment between the standing and sitting positions

BackgroundSagittal spinal alignment has mainly analyzed in the standing position. According to previous studies, there are significant differences in lumbopelvic alignment between the standing and sitting positions and cervical alignment is affected by lumbopelvic alignment. In this study, therefore, we hypothesized that cervical sagittal alignments are different between the standing and sitting positions.MethodsA total of 108 patients with spinal degenerative diseases underwent whole spine radiography. Cervical lordosis (CL), C2-7 SVA, T1S, C7–S1 SVA, TK, LL, SS, PT, and PI were measured in the standing and sitting positions. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the changes in CL (ΔCL, CL in the sitting position − CL in the standing position); ΔCL < −3° (Decreased group: DG; 28.7%), −3° ≤ ΔCL ≤ 3° (Unchanged group: UG; 41.7%), and ΔCL > 3° (Increased group: IG; 29.6%).ResultsThe parameters of the UG in the standing position were closer to the ideal alignment (SRS-Schwab classification). In the DG, CL, T1S, and C7–S1 SVA in the standing position were significantly higher than in the UG. In the IG, PI-LL in the standing position was significantly higher than in the UG. In the sitting position, pelvis was rotated posteriorly (decrease in SS and increase in PT) and lumbar lordosis was flattened (decrease in LL) in all groups, and C2-7 SVA was significantly higher in the DG than in the UG.ConclusionsCL was different between the standing and sitting positions in 58.3% of individuals. However, patients with good spinal sagittal alignment appeared to not undergo any changes in cervical alignment. Our results suggest the possibility that patients who had a positive imbalance and large PI-LL mismatch in the standing position had decreased CL and increased CL, respectively, when in the sitting position.     

Occipitocervical dissociative injuries: common in blunt trauma fatalities and better detected with objective computed tomography-based measurements

Background contextOccipitocervical injuries (OCIs) are generally not common in blunt trauma victims, but autopsy studies of blunt trauma fatalities consistently report a high prevalence of these injuries. New computed tomography (CT)-based quantitative criteria have recently been developed for use in assessing the occipitocervical spine. The efficacy of these new criteria for detecting OCI would be supported if the high prevalence of OCI in blunt trauma fatalities can also be detected using these objective CT-based criteria.PurposeTo test the hypothesis that the prevalence of OCI in blunt trauma fatalities, determined using objective CT-based measurements and reliable reference data, will be similar to the prevalence reported in prior autopsy studies.Study design/settingRetrospective assessment of the CT examinations of blunt trauma fatalities at a Level 1 trauma center.Patient sampleSeventy-four consecutive patients who died within 21 days of blunt trauma and had a CT examination of the cervical spine.Outcome measuresQuantitative measurements from CT examinations of the occiput–C1 and C1–C2 levels.MethodsMeasurements were made on a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) from the CT images that were originally used for diagnosis and also using imaging software that allowed for precisely reoriented slices that correct for variations in the alignment of the upper cervical spine. The prevalence of abnormal measurements found by each method and the interobserver reliability of the measurements were assessed.ResultsAt least one abnormal measurement was found in 50% of cases based on measurements made on the PACS, and in 34% of cases using measurements from carefully reoriented images. At least three abnormal measurements were found in 22% and 14% of patients, respectively. Only one of the patients had been diagnosed as having an OCI before death. Interobserver reliability measurements of more than 80% were found for most measurements.ConclusionsUsing precise CT-based measurements and reliable reference data for diagnosis of occipitocervical dissociative injuries, the prevalence of injuries in severely injured blunt trauma patients was close to the levels reported in prior autopsy studies (approximately 30%). This supports that with careful measurements, both soft- and hard-tissue OCI can be detected by CT. This study is limited by the fact that a gold standard was not available to confirm the injuries.     

Sagittal range of motion after extensive cervical fusion

Background contextComplicated cervical spine revision and deformity correction surgeries are becoming increasingly common. These challenging operations often necessitate fusion of the entire cervical spine. Patients frequently express concern over the likely loss of range of motion (ROM) of the neck postoperatively. However, we are aware of no study that specifically examines the sagittal cervical ROM after extensive cervical fusion.PurposeTo characterize sagittal ROM after extensive cervical fusion.Study designRetrospective case series.Patient sampleThirty patients were included.Outcome measuresRadiographs at final follow-up were measured for cervical ROM by the occipitocervical and cervicosternal angles with the neck in full flexion and extension.MethodsThe surgical and medical records at one tertiary referral academic institution were used to identify adults who had undergone extensive cervical fusion between 1996 and 2008. An “extensive cervical fusion” entailed an upper instrumented vertebra proximal to C3 and lower instrumented vertebra distal to C7. Radiographs at final follow-up were measured for cervical ROM by the occipitocervical and cervicosternal angles with the neck in full flexion and extension.ResultsThe average age at surgery was 58.3±10.0 years. The surgical levels were occiput–T1 (one patient), occiput–T4 (one patient), occiput–T6 (one patient), C1–T1 (one patient), C1–T2 (one patient), C2–T1 (nine patients), C2–T2 (eight patients), C2–T3 (six patients), and C2–T4 (two patients). Twenty-seven of the procedures were revisions. The other surgical indications were chin-on-chest deformity (one patient), cervical scoliosis (one patient), and multilevel cervical myelopathy (one patient). The mean follow-up period was 34.5±30.9 months (range, 6–154 months). The mean cervical ROM values by the occipitocervical and cervicosternal angles were 29.5±11.0° and 7.5±5.0°, respectively. The mean total cervical ROM value was 34.1±14.7°.ConclusionsA substantial degree of sagittal ROM can be maintained after extensive surgical fusion of the cervical spine.     

Characteristics affecting cervical sagittal alignment in patients with chronic low back pain

BackgroundSagittal spino-pelvic malalignment in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) have been reported in the past, which may also affect cervical spine lesions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cervical alignment in patients with CLBP.MethodOf the patients who visited an orthopedic specialist due to low back pain lasting more than three months, 121 cases (average 71.5-years-old, 46 male and 75 female) with whole standing spinal screening radiographs were reviewed (CLBP group). Cervical parameters included cervical lordosis (CL), C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-7 SVA), and the T1 slope minus CL (T1S-CL). Cervical spine deformity was defined as C2-7 SVA >4 cm, CL <0°, or T1S-CL ≧20°. We compared the cervical alignment of these patients with 121 age and gender matched volunteers (control group).ResultsThe prevalence of cervical spine deformity was significantly higher in the CLBP group than in the control group (20.7% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.034). The mean CL was smaller in the CLBP group than in the control group (16.1° vs. 21.4°, P = 0.002). The mean C2-7 SVA was 17.6 mm vs. 18.7 mm in the CLBP group and in the control group, respectively (P = 0.817). The mean T1S-CL was larger in the CLBP group than in the control group (9.1° vs. 3.5°, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that people with CLBP were more likely to have cervical deformities than people without CLBP (odds ratio 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.006 to 4.637).ConclusionsThis study results suggest that people with CLBP present with worse cervical sagittal alignment and higher prevalence of cervical spine deformities than age and gender matched volunteers with no CLBP. This means CLBP impacts cervical spine lesions negatively.Level of evidenceⅣ     

Does the asymmetry and extension function of the preoperative cervical paraspinal extensor predict postoperative cervical sagittal deformity in patients who undergo modified laminoplasty?

BACKGROUND CONTEXTA previous study found that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the preoperative cervical paraspinal extensors (CPEs) was associated with loss of cervical lordosis after laminoplasty, while a recent study found that CPE asymmetry was associated with symptoms of degenerative cervical myelopathy. Whether preoperative CPE asymmetry can predict cervical sagittal deformity (CSD) after laminoplasty is unknown.PURPOSETo assess whether asymmetry, degree of degeneration, and extension function of the CPE can be used as predictors of postoperative CSD in patients who undergo laminoplasty.STUDY DESIGNA retrospective study.PATIENT SAMPLEFrom January 2017 to December 2019, 55 patients with multilevel cord compression and myelopathic symptoms were enrolled.OUTCOME MEASURESThe visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) were used to assess cervical spinal function and quality of life.METHODSFrom January 2017 to December 2019, 55 patients undergoing modified laminoplasty were included. The following parameters were measured preoperatively and 24 months postoperatively on X-ray: (1) C0–C2 Cobb angle; (2) C2–C7 Cobb angle (CL); (3) T1 slope (T1S); (5) C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA); (6) T1S minus CL; (7) Preoperative extension function: Extension CL minus Neutral CL (EF). Preoperative global alignment parameters: (8) spino cranial angle, (9) C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis (C7 SVA), (10) pelvic incidence, (11) lumbar lordosis, (12) thoracic kyphosis. (13) Preoperative CPE parameters: Summation of bilateral total cross-sectional area (STCSA), summation of bilateral total cross-sectional area ratio (STCSAR), total cross-sectional area asymmetry, summation of bilateral functional cross-sectional area of muscle (SFCSA), summation of bilateral functional cross-sectional area of muscle ratio (FCSAR), and functional cross-sectional area of muscle asymmetry (FCSAA). The VAS, mJOA, and NDI were used to evaluate cervical spine function and quality of life. Patients were divided into the CSD group and the non-deformed group (N-CSD) group postoperatively, and the parameters between the two groups were compared. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the parameters, and multiple regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were used to determine the predictors and key values.RESULTSCompared with functional scores, mJOA in the CSD group was significantly lower than that in the N-CSD group, while NDI and VAS were significantly higher. Postoperative CL was significantly correlated with EF, SFCSA/STCSA (C3–C6), SFCSAR (C4 and C6), STCSAR (C6), and FSCAA (C6). T1S minus CL was significantly correlated with EF, SFCSA/STCSA (C3–4 and C6), SFCSAR (C4 and C6), STCSAR (C6) and FSCAA (C6). C2–7 SVA was significantly correlated with EF, SFCSAR (C4 and C6), STCSAR (C6), and FSCAA (C6). Multiple regression analysis showed that FCSAA (C6), SFCSAR (C6), SFCSAR (C4), and EF were significant predictors of postoperative CSD. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff points were 18.405, 2.95, 4.47, and 11.96.CONCLUSIONSThe present study found that preoperative extension dysfunction of CPEs, asymmetry at the C6 level cervical extensors, and cervical extensor CSAs without fatty infiltration at the C4 and C6 levels were associated with cervical sagittal imbalance after modified laminoplasty. These factors can be considered when future spine surgeons formulate surgical plans.     

The Impact of Standing Regional Cervical Sagittal Alignment on Outcomes in Posterior Cervical Fusion Surgery

BACKGROUND:: Positive spinal regional and global sagittal malalignment has been repeatedly shown to correlate with pain and disability in thoracolumbar fusion. OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the relationship between regional cervical sagittal alignment and postoperative outcomes for patients receiving multilevel cervical posterior fusion. METHODS:: From 2006 to 2010, 113 patients received multilevel posterior cervical fusion for cervical stenosis, myelopathy, and kyphosis. Radiographic measurements made at intermediate follow-up included the following: (1) C1-C2 lordosis, (2) C2-C7 lordosis, (3) C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7 SVA; distance between C2 plumb line and C7), (4) center of gravity of head SVA (CGH-C7 SVA), and (5) C1-C7 SVA. Health-related quality-of-life measures included neck disability index (NDI), visual analog pain scale, and SF-36 physical component scores. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between pairs of radiographic measures and health-related quality-of-life scores. RESULTS:: Both C2-C7 SVA and CGH-C7 SVA negatively correlated with SF-36 physical component scores (r = -0.43, P < .001 and r = -0.36, P = .005, respectively). C2-C7 SVA positively correlated with NDI scores (r = 0.20, P = .036). C2-C7 SVA positively correlated with C1-C2 lordosis (r = 0.33, P = .001). For significant correlations between C2-C7 SVA and NDI scores, regression models predicted a threshold C2-C7 SVA value of approximately 40 mm, beyond which correlations were most significant. CONCLUSION:: Our findings demonstrate that, similar to the thoracolumbar spine, the severity of disability increases with positive sagittal malalignment following surgical reconstruction. ABBREVIATIONS:: CGH, center of gravity of headHRQOL, health-related quality-of-lifeNDI, neck disability indexPCSz, physical composite scoreSVA, sagittal vertical axisVAS, visual analog scale.     

短节段腰椎融合术后从站位到坐位的脊柱矢状位序列变化

目的:研究短节段腰椎融合术后患者从站位到坐位时的脊柱矢状位序列的变化,以及与正常人群在体位改变时的变化差异,探讨短节段腰椎融合术对不同体位下矢状位序列的影响。方法:回顾性分析2010年~2012年在北京大学第三医院行腰椎融合内固定术的患者资料58例(A组),其中男30例,女28例,年龄63.7±8.5岁(43~81岁),根据术中腰骶是否融合将A组分为腰骶融合组(A1组,26例)与腰骶未融合组(A2组,32例)。对照组为90例中老年健康志愿者(B组),其中男39例,女51例,平均年龄53.2±5.7岁(42~71岁)。所有受试者均行站立位和坐位时的全脊柱X线片检查,应用院内图片存档和通信系统(PACS)测量脊柱矢状位轴(SVA)、T1骨盆角(TPA)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)。采用独立样本t检验分别比较A组与B组的差异,以及A1组、A2组和B组在站位和坐位时矢状位序列变化的差异。结果:A组患者从站位到坐位时,SVA增加(19.7±33.1mm vs 37.9±27.4mm,P<0.001),TPA增加(11.7°±6.2°vs 17.1°±8.0°,P<0.001),LL减小(41.6°±13.6°vs 35.6°±14.3°,P<0.001),TK减小(30.5°±12.0°vs 28.0°±12.1°,P<0.05),PT增加(15.1°±6.7°vs 19.4°±9.5°,P<0.001),SS减少(32.3°±8.7°vs 28.7°±9.9°,P<0.001)。A组患者LL和TK的减小,以及SVA的增加显著小于B组(P<0.05),其中A1组PT的增加显著小于B组(2.1°±7.1°vs 6.1°±8.9°,P<0.05),而A2组PT的增加程度与B组无统计学差异(6.0°±6.6°vs 6.1°±8.9°,P>0.05)。结论:短节段腰椎融合术后的脊柱从站位到坐位时表现为骨盆后旋,胸、腰椎曲度变直,脊柱矢状轴前移,但其胸腰椎曲度变化和矢状轴前移的幅度显著小于对照组。短节段腰椎融合术会限制坐位时骨盆的后旋。     

Predictive effect of cervical spinal cord compression and corresponding segmental paravertebral muscle degeneration on the severity of symptoms in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background ContextPrevious studies have found that cervical sagittal parameters and spinal cord compression are important risk factors for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). An increasing number of scholars believe that cervical muscle condition is also one of the factors affecting the severity of symptoms in affected patients.PurposeTo determine whether: the degree of corresponding segmental paravertebral muscle degeneration is related to the severity of symptoms in patients with CSM; the degree of cervical spinal cord compression can predict the severity of symptoms in patients with CSM.Study DesignA retrospective study.Patient SampleFrom January 2015 to January 2019, 121 patients with CSM were enrolled.Outcome MeasuresThe visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI) and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) were used to assess cervical spinal function and quality of life.MethodsFrom January 2015 to January 2019, 121 patients with CSM were enrolled. The inclusion criterion was the presence of complete cervical lateral radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The following radiographic parameters were measured: (1) C0-C2 Cobb angle; (2) C2-C7 Cobb angle (CL); (3) T1 slope (T1S); (4) neck tilt (NT); (5) C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA); and (6) T1S-CL. The following MRI parameters were measured: (1) up(low)-fat/muscle; (2) up(low)-fat/centrum; (3) up(low)-muscle/centrum; (4) cervical cord compression index (CCI); (5) S-index; and (6) cervical spinal cord compression area ratio (S0/S1). The VAS, NDI and mJOA were used to assess cervical spinal function and quality of life. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the mJOA score: group A (mild-moderate symptom group, mJOA score≥12 points) and group B (severe symptom group, mJOA score<12 points). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlations between cervical sagittal parameters, MRI parameters and functional scores. Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors and critical values.Results.In patients with CSM, the VAS score is positively correlated with NT, up-fat/centrum, S-index and S0/S1. The NDI is positively correlated with NT, up-fat/muscle, up-fat/centrum, S-index, and S0/S1 and negatively correlated with C0-2N and CL. The mJOA score is positively correlated with CL and negatively correlated with C2-7 SVA, CCI, S-index, and S0/S1. Thus, corresponding segmental paravertebral muscle degeneration has relevance to neck pain, but it is not related to limb weakness, neurological dysfunction, gait impairment, sensation or bladder/bowel function dysfunction. Through mJOA score grouping and binary logistic regression analysis, we found that S0/S1 is the only independent risk factor for severe symptoms in patients with CSM. When S0/S1>0.295, the clinical symptoms of patients are more severe. Thus, in clinical practice, when the degree of spinal cord compression exceeds 30%, the clinical symptoms are more severe.ConclusionsIn patients with CSM, corresponding segmental paravertebral muscle degeneration has relevance to neck pain, but it does not relate to limb weakness, neurological dysfunction, gait impairment, sensation or bladder/bowel function dysfunction. Cervical spinal cord compression is the only independent risk factor;when the degree of spinal cord compression exceeds 30%, the clinical symptoms are more severe.