侧颈部淋巴结示踪技术在甲状腺癌手术治疗中的应用

目的 探究纳米炭示踪技术在甲状腺癌侧颈部淋巴结评估中的价值。 方法 研究为前瞻性、多中心队列研究,纳入体格检查阴性、影像学怀疑侧颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺乳头状癌患者。术中用纳米炭示踪后进行侧颈部淋巴结清扫术。根据是否炭染,将侧颈部淋巴结分区送检,统计两组淋巴结的分区以及转移情况,并根据患者的临床病理特征进行亚组分析。以颈部淋巴结清扫的结果作为金标准,计算前哨淋巴结活检的敏感度及准确率。 结果 122例患者接受示踪手术,共计颈部淋巴结125例/侧。其中有侧颈部淋巴结转移117例,有中央区淋巴结转移7例,无颈部淋巴结转移1例。炭染淋巴结的中位数为6枚,其分布为Ⅳ区>Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅴ区,分布规律与肿瘤大小、位置、腺外侵犯无关。炭染淋巴结的转移概率在各个淋巴结分区中均显著高于非炭染淋巴结(Ⅱ区:19.9%比5.6%,P<0.001;Ⅲ区:35.0%比18.3%,P<0.001;Ⅳ区:37.1%比15.2%,P<0.001;Ⅴ区:14.8%比3.7%,P<0.05)。侧颈部前哨淋巴结活检的敏感度为89.5%,准确率为91.8%。 结论 侧颈部淋巴结的炭染规律与甲状腺癌淋巴引流的规律基本一致,炭染淋巴结的转移概率显著高于非炭染淋巴结,是潜在侧颈部前哨淋巴结活检的示踪方法。     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移规律及影响因素分析

目的：探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移规律及其相关影响因素,为甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结清扫术提供一定的临床依据。方法：回顾性分析314例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料。314例患者中,行甲状腺腺叶峡部切除、中央区淋巴结清扫术79例,甲状腺全切、中央区淋巴结清扫术173例,甲状腺全切、中央区淋巴结清扫术、侧颈部改良根治性颈部淋巴结清扫术62例。手术中清扫出淋巴结1～55个,其中阳性淋巴结0～14个。结果：314例患者中经病理证实共有168例（53．50％）患者有淋巴结转移,其中中央区淋巴结转移159例（50．64％）,中央区＋侧颈转移淋巴结55例（17．52％）,单纯侧颈淋巴结转移9例（2．87％）。患者年龄、肿瘤直径、甲状腺被膜受侵犯、临床分期是甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的影响因素（P〈0．05）。结论：甲状腺乳头状癌患者最常发生中央区淋巴结转移,应常规进行中央区淋巴结清扫术。     

儿童分化型甲状腺癌的临床特征及治疗体会

目的 探讨儿童分化型甲状腺癌的临床特征和治疗特点。 方法 回顾分析经手术治疗的18岁以下的分化型甲状腺癌32例的临床资料。 结果 32例患者中男8例,女24例。发病年龄<14岁11例,≥ 14岁21例;累及双侧甲状腺19例,单侧13例。多发病灶23例,单发病灶9例;肿瘤≥1 cm 30例,<1 cm 2例;病理证实甲状腺乳头状癌27例,甲状腺滤泡状癌5例;发生颈淋巴结转移25例,转移率为78.13%,颈部Ⅰ~Ⅵ区及上纵隔区均有淋巴结转移,各区转移率分别为 3.13%、31.25%、31.25%、37.50%、9.38%、68.75%、25.00%;发生甲状腺外侵12例,肺转移5例,甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结转移10例。随访1~14年,无死亡病例。 结论 儿童分化型甲状腺癌具有侵袭性强、转移率高、复发率高、死亡率低的临床特点,甲状腺全切除术和规范的颈结清扫术值得高度重视。     

纳米碳在鉴别甲状腺周围淋巴结和甲状旁腺中的作用

目的 探讨保留甲状旁腺的新方法.方法 36例初治甲状腺癌的患者随机分为试验组和对照组.试验组在甲状腺内注射纳米碳,30 min后行Ⅵ区颈淋巴清扫术,将清扫标本分为黑染和非黑染组织.对照组直接行Ⅵ区颈淋巴清扫术.通过病理学检查,分别计数试验组中黑染组织、非黑染组织以及对照组的Ⅵ区清扫标本中的淋巴结总数量、淋巴结转移数量,检查有无甲状旁腺.结果 试验组中共有19侧Ⅵ区行颈清扫术,对照组中共有20侧Ⅵ区行颈清扫术.Ⅵ区清扫标本中,试验组中黑染、非黑染和对照组淋巴结的总数分别为177、9和124枚,转移淋巴结数分别为83、2和80枚,甲状旁腺数分别为0、7和8枚.清除的黑染组织中淋巴结数量高于对照组淋巴结数量,二者差异有统计学意义(t检验,t=0.340,P=0.003).纳米碳的淋巴结黑染率为95.2%.在黑染组织中未发现甲状旁腺.结论 纳米碳注射可较好地标记出Ⅵ区淋巴结,而不会使甲状旁腺黑染.在Ⅵ区行颈清扫术时只清除黑染组织,保留未黑染组织,就可能既保证清扫的彻底性,还可使甲状旁腺得以保留.     

前哨淋巴结探查在甲状腺乳头状癌外科手术中的应用

目的：探讨甲状腺乳头状癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）的检测及其对颈淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法：用术中在肿瘤周围注射亚甲蓝的方法对25例甲状腺乳头状癌患者进行SLN的临床研究,术中取蓝染淋巴结及颈清淋巴结做常规苏木精-伊红染色病理检查,并将两者进行对照,观察SLN转移对颈淋巴结转移的预测作用。结果：25例患者中22例成功地显示了SLN,成功率为88％,显示的SLN中有19例病理阳性,其中13例颈淋巴结清扫术证实有非SLN的颈淋巴结转移,5例未发现有非SLN的其他淋巴结转移,1例因自身因素未行颈淋巴结清扫术。结论：SLN检测对预测甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移有重要价值。     

影像学评估结合纳米碳在甲状腺癌淋巴结处理中的作用

目的：探讨术前影像学评估结合术中应用纳米碳在甲状腺癌淋巴结处理中的作用。方法：收集81例初治的甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,分为实验组（42例）和对照组（39例）。根据术前彩超结合增强CT评估及病理检查结果,分别行中央区清扫及择区性Ⅲ、Ⅳ区清扫或侧颈区清扫。实验组在甲状腺注入纳米碳,分别计数3种清扫方式的淋巴结总数、转移数、黑染数及黑染转移数,对照组分别计数3种清扫方式的淋巴结总数、转移数;检查2组甲状腺及中央区清扫标本中有无甲状旁腺。结果：实验组中央区及Ⅲ、Ⅳ区和侧颈区清扫标本淋巴结黑染率分别为80.0%、54.9%及39.1%。在中央区清扫标本中,对照组、实验组平均每侧检出的淋巴结数为（3.03±2.07）枚、（4.72±2.97）枚,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;在Ⅲ、Ⅳ区清扫标本中,对照组、实验组平均每侧检出的淋巴结数为（5.53±3.78）枚、（10.29±3.36）枚,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;在侧颈区清扫标本中,对照组、实验组平均每侧检出的淋巴结数为（13.40±9.67）枚、（14.56±6.28）枚,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3种清扫方式平均每侧检出的转移淋巴结数实验组和对照组比较均差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。实验组68侧甲状腺或中央区清扫标本中有3侧检出甲状旁腺,对照组60侧甲状腺或中央区清扫标本中有9侧检出甲状旁腺,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：纳米碳在中央区清扫及侧颈区cN0者行择区性Ⅲ、Ⅳ区清扫时可以较好地标记淋巴结,提高了淋巴结检出率;侧颈区cN＋者,纳米碳没有提高淋巴结的检出率。纳米碳在甲状腺腺叶切除及中央区清扫时可以有效区别和保护甲状旁腺。     

头颈外科学

预防性颈部II区淋巴结清扫术对淋巴结阳性甲状腺乳头状癌患者的影响目的：通过术前超声（PU）检查伴有临床颈部淋巴结转移（levelIII,IV和/或V）的甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）患者,探讨其隐匿性levelII淋巴结转移与发生频率、类型及预测因素的联系。方法：回顾性分析52例伴有levelIII,     

仅表现为侧颈淋巴结转移的隐匿性甲状腺癌1例

本文报道1例病理证实为侧颈淋巴结转移而甲状腺无恶性病变的隐匿性甲状腺乳头状癌病例。患者25岁女性,因发现右侧颈部肿物1年,2周前肿物细针穿刺活检见乳头状结构入院,初步诊断为颈部淋巴结转移癌,进一步影像学检查未发现甲状腺恶性征象,全身未查见原发灶,于全身麻醉下行颈部右侧淋巴结取检术,病理回报为淋巴结转移性甲状腺乳头状癌,...     

颈部肿块（续上期）

患者于全麻下先行颈左Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区淋巴结选择性清扫,术中见颈部左侧多发淋巴结,送冰冻,病理报告示：淋巴结内可见甲状腺乳头状癌转移。随后探查甲状腺,双侧甲状腺内均可见边界不清之质硬病变,左侧存在肿瘤甲状腺包膜外侵犯,行甲状腺全切除,并探查及清扫双侧气管食管沟内淋巴结。术后病理报告示：颈左淋巴结转移（3／22）,右气管食管沟淋巴结转移（2/2）,     

甲状腺乳头状微小癌淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的：探讨甲状腺乳头状微小癌颈部淋巴结转移的相关因素,以及一期手术时行择区性淋巴结清扫术的意义。方法：甲状腺乳头状微小癌患者82例中,术中冷冻病理诊断为甲状腺乳头状微小癌者60例（第1组）,行择区性颈淋巴结清扫术;术中冷冻病理诊断为甲状腺良性疾病者22例（第2组）,未行择区性淋巴结清扫术。结果：行择区性颈淋巴结清扫术60例中,13例（21.67%）出现颈部淋巴结转移;最大直径〈0.7cm与≥0.7cm的肿瘤转移率分别为4.76%和30.77%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。所有患者平均随访59.8个月,无复发和死亡,未发现远处转移。结论：甲状腺乳头状微小癌具有一定比例的颈部淋巴结转移率,尤其对于肿瘤最大直径≥0.7cm者行择区性淋巴结清扫术是更有效的治疗方法。     

Results of an evaluation of clinical practice in orthognathic surgery in France in 2002

BACKGROUND: Over the years, orthognathic surgery has become a mainstay of maxillofacial surgery and is the object of many publications and oral communications. However, in spite of well-established methodology, disparities still exist in France basically concerning the way orthognathic surgery is performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In relation with the XXXIXth congress of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, a questionnaire was mailed to 100 French maxillofacial surgeons. Questions dealing with some practical points of orthognathic surgery (condylar positioning, osteosynthesis technique, rate of condylar resorption.) were asked. RESULTS: Overall reply rate was 37%. Condylar positioning was performed empirically in 73% of the cases. Mandibular osteosynthesis was achieved by titanium miniplates alone in 70%. Post-operative condylar resorption rate was about 2%. This survey produced numerous astute comments. DISCUSSION: This survey highlighted the interest of maxillofacial surgeons for practical aspects of orthognathic surgery including the questions of condylar positioning or osteosynthesis technique. These points are instrumental in achieving high-quality surgical result.     

Use of ultrasound in detection of sinus disease in children

A prospective study utilizing a small, portable A-Mode ultrasound apparatus (Sinus-V 2500 Radionics Medical) was undertaken to screen children with signs and symptoms of sinusitis. Fifty-three children (age 2-16 years) were tested both by ultrasound and compared to standard radiographs of the paranasal sinuses. The sensitivity of the ultrasound to evaluate small, developing paranasal sinuses in children was low (22%). Sinus pathology, particularly mucosal thickening, was difficult to confirm. However, even opacified sinuses were only detectable in 58% of the time. Therefore, portable ultrasound devices to detect sinus disease in children, have limited usefulness for this particular population.     

Efficacy of Curcumin in the healing of paracentesis in rats

Objectives

The present study was designed to investigate the possible beneficial effect of Curcumin (CMN) in healing of paracentesis in terms of wound thickness, sclerosis and closure by histological evaluation. To evaluate the efficacy of CMN, paracentesis was performed experimentally in the rats; and the results were presented histologically.

Methods

Sixteen, each 270–310 g weighted, healthy Sprague-Dawley female rats were included into the study. In both groups, paracentesis was performed into the eardrum bilaterally. In Group 1 (Paracentesis + Saline Group), saline drop was applied; and in Group 2 (Paracentesis + Curcumin group), Curcumin drop treatment was applied. Paracentesis area did not healed bilaterally in two rats (one in Group 1 and one in Group 2). Therefore, these two rats were excluded from the study. Histological examination performed in 14 rats and 28 temporal bones on the 15th day after the completion of drop treatment and closure of the paracentesis-area and wound healing were evaluated according to the histological examination criteria: Thickening of the tympanic membrane (ThicTM); and sclerosis.

Results

Both tympanic membrane thickening and sclerosis values of Paracentesis + Curcumin Group (Group 2) were significantly lower than those of the Paracentesis + Saline Group's (median: 2.0) (p = 0.001). Histological examination by light microscopy showed that in Paracentesis + Curcumin Group (Group 2), the structure of the tympanic membrane is near to the normal and decreased sclerosis was observed in connective tissue. Whereas in Paracentesis + Saline Group (Group 1), tympanic membrane thickening and connective tissue sclerosis were observed.

Conclusions

Curcumin improves wound healing process in paracentesis of TM. By using Curcumin drops, the closured paracentesis area was observed near to the normal eardrum; and thickness of the TM and sclerosis were less than the control, showing the improved healing at 15th day. The possible mechanisms may be anti-inflammatory effect, improving collagen deposition, and increasing fibroblast and vascular density in wounds thereby enhancing impaired wound healing.