精囊囊肿的诊断和治疗

目的　提高对精囊囊肿的认识 ,以利于正确诊断和有效治疗。　方法　对 16例精囊囊肿患者的诊断和治疗情况进行回顾性总结。 16例患者临床表现以血精最为多见 ,其次为膀胱刺激症状和会阴部不适或疼痛。行直肠指检、B超、CT及MRI等进行诊断。肿物大小为 3 8cm× 3 0cm×2 6cm～ 9 6cm× 5 2cm× 5 0cm ,16例均经病理证实。均行开放性手术治疗 ,其中行精囊切除术12例 ,精囊部分切除术 4例。　结果　 16例均治愈出院。除外 1例患者术后出现附睾炎治愈外 ,均无其它并发症的发生。随访 10例患者 (6例失访 ) 1个月至 2 2年 ,临床症状均消失 ,复查B超或CT均未见囊肿复发。　结论　对血精和难以解释的膀胱刺激症状或尿道生殖系的主诉要考虑患有本病可能 ;直肠指检、影像学检查为精囊囊肿诊断的主要手段。精囊切除术及精囊部分切除术具有良好的效果。     

腹腔镜精囊囊肿切除术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下精囊囊肿切除术的方法及临床疗效。方法:我院近期采用腹腔镜技术对2例伴有临床症状的精囊囊肿患者实施精囊囊肿切除术。术前经超声及CT等检查明确诊断,精囊囊肿大小为3.3cm×3.7cm×2.5cm,4.1cm×4.3cm×5.3cm。结果:2例手术均顺利完成,手术时间为140、100min,术中出血约50、20ml,术后6d出院。分别随访6、7个月,患者术前症状消失,无并发症发生,复查超声,均未见囊肿复发。结论:腹腔镜下精囊囊肿切除术具有视野清晰、操作精细、创伤小、恢复快等优点,是一种安全、有效的微创手术方式。     

Laparoscopic management of congenital seminal vesicle cysts associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis

PURPOSE: Congenital cysts of the seminal vesicles associated with ipsilateral renal abnormalities are rare. When they are symptomatic, open surgical excision has been the treatment of choice. We present our experience with laparoscopic management and provide a detailed literature review of this entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since 1985, 3 patients with symptomatic seminal vesicle cysts and ipsilateral renal agenesis have been treated at our center. Open surgical excision was performed in 1 patient and laparoscopic management was performed in the other 2. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 35.7 years (range 30 to 42). Presenting symptoms were perineal pain in all 3 cases, dysuria in 2, irritable voiding in 2 and testicular pain in 1. Mean laparoscopic operative time was 195 minutes and mean estimated blood loss was 325 cc. Transabdominal or transrectal ultrasound was performed in 2 cases and computerized tomography was performed in all 3. CONCLUSIONS: Seminal vesicle cysts associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis are rare but they should be considered in men with otherwise inexplicable irritable voiding symptoms, perineal discomfort or other genitourinary complaint of unclear etiology. Evaluation should include digital rectal examination, transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound, computerized tomography and cystoscopy. Laparoscopy provides excellent intraoperative access and visualization with minimal postoperative morbidity. It is likely to become the treatment of choice for this rare developmental anomaly.     

精囊间质瘤1例报道

目的:探讨精囊间质瘤的临床表现、病理特点和诊治方法。方法:对1例精囊间质瘤进行回顾性分析,并结合国内外文献复习,从临床表现、病理特点、诊治方法及手术切除后疗效进行总结。结果:患者行连同肿瘤的精囊切除,病理报告符合精囊间质瘤,术后至今10个月超声、CT检查未见肿瘤复发。结论:精囊间质瘤临床少见,易漏诊、误诊。应常规行直肠指检,泌尿系超声,泌尿系CT、MRI有利于明确诊断。目前公认的治疗为切除肿瘤,预后良好。     

Pelvic mass: Schwannoma of the left seminal vesicle

Schwannomas rarely occur in seminal vesicles. Here, we report a schwannoma of the left seminal vesicle. A 55‐year‐old man presented no clinical symptoms, and a mass in the left region of the seminal vesicle was found incidentally in a medical examination. A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic were obtained and revealed a 5.17 × 2.59 × 3.5 cm mass on the left seminal vesicle. Transrectal ultrasound‐guided seminal biopsy revealed a diagnosis of seminal vesical schwannoma. Laparoscopic resection of the tumour was performed. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemical analysis revealed schwannoma arising from seminal vesical.     

腹腔镜治疗精囊良性肿瘤3例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗精囊良性肿瘤的效果。方法:2007年4月至2008年6月我院为3例患者行腹腔镜精囊良性肿瘤切除术。术前均经B超、CT及MRI等检查明确诊断,肿物大小40mm×30mm×25mm~63mm×45mm×40mm。结果:3例手术均成功切除精囊占位。手术时间64~120min,平均84min,术中失血60~120ml,平均74ml。术后平均随访11.3个月,未见局部复发及远处转移。结论:腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、并发症少、住院时间短等优点,是治疗精囊良性肿瘤的有效方法。     

精囊囊腺瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨精囊囊腺瘤的临床表现、病理特点和诊治方法。方法:对1例精囊囊腺瘤进行临床分析并结合文献复习,从临床表现、病理特点、诊治方法及疗效方面总结。结果:患者行连同肿瘤的精囊切除,病理报告符合精囊囊腺瘤,术后3个月超声、CT检查,未见肿瘤复发。结论:精囊囊腺瘤临床少见,易漏诊。常规直肠指检很必要,超声、CT有利于明确诊断。一般连同肿瘤的精囊切除即可,预后良好。     

Clinical features of haematospermia associated with seminal vesicle calculi versus posterior urethral haemangioma

To compare the clinical features of seminal vesicle calculi(SVC) versus posterior urethral haemangioma(PUH) to assist urologists in differentiating and diagnosing the causes of haematospermia. Patients with SVC or PUH were included. Patient age, disease duration, hospital stay, operation time, symptoms, surgical approach, pathological results and postoperative complications were recorded. A total of seven patients with SVC and 15 patients with PUH involved have an average age of 34.1 and 44.5 years separately. Patients with SVC complained of recurrent haematospermia; patients with PUH complained of recurrent haematospermia and urethral opening bleeding after sexual arousal. SVC manifested as a dark red blood–semen mixture with ejaculation pain and no blood clots; the condition could improve after anti‐infective treatment. PUH manifested as no visible blood–semen mixture, bright red semen with blood clots and no ejaculation pain; the condition did not respond to anti‐infective treatment. SVC was treated with holmium laser lithotripsy under a transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy. PUH was treated with transurethral resection and fulguration. Postoperative follow‐up showed that the clinical symptoms gradually disappeared, with no postoperative complications. Both SVC and PUH can result in recurrent haematospermia. Therefore, urologists should treat haematospermia differently according to the cause.     

Atrofia renal izquierda y abocamiento ureteral a vesícula seminal. tratamiento quirúrgico laparoscópico

Renal atrophy with an ectopic drainage of the ureter is an uncommon malformation. Zinder described in 1914 a cystic dilation of the seminal vesicle in association with an ipsilateral renal agenesis. Usually, these patients present lower urinary tract symptoms with perineal discomfort and fever. The most accurate diagnosis is given by the MRI, while CT and ultrasonography are less precise.We present a case of a patient who goes into hospital because of left lumbar pain and urinary sepsis data, whose CT detects an ectopic drainage of the left uereter in the seminal vesicle. He underwent a successful laparoscopic surgical treatment.     

Classifying seminal vesicle cysts in the diagnosis and treatment of Zinner syndrome: A report of six cases and review of available literature

This study aims to emphasise the importance of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment decision-making in Zinner syndrome and provide a classification for seminal vesicle cysts. The data of six patients with Zinner syndrome in a single institution were collected. All patients underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) exam. Among these patients, five patients also underwent an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These results were combined with the review of available literature to classify the seminal vesicle cysts. Among these patients, two patients had urinary urgency and frequency, while four patients had no urinary symptoms. No reproductive-system symptoms were revealed. The imaging revealed left-sided involvement in two patients and right-sided involvement in four patients. The associated features included ipsilateral renal agenesis, seminal vesicle cyst or agenesis, and ejaculatory duct obstruction. Either an ipsilateral ureterocele or an ipsilateral small testis was noted. The seminal vesicle cysts demonstrated varying attenuation or intensity in the imaging. Imaging (CT and especially MRI) can be critical in the noninvasive diagnosis of Zinner syndrome and in allowing aberrant anatomy to be displayed for possible surgery. The proposed seminal vesicle cyst imaging classification could potentially contribute to clinical decision-making.     

Magnetic resonance imaging compared to ultrasound as the preferred method for diagnosing intractable haematospermia

We aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical diagnostic values of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound in patients with intractable haematospermia. We performed a retrospective review of 23 patients with intractable haematospermia who were diagnosed with seminal vesicle haematocele and/or calculi by transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV). Patients’ demographics, disease durations, operative times, and MRI and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) results were recorded. McNemar's test was used to compare the positive diagnostic rates of MRI and TRUS. All patients had undergone preoperative seminal vesicle MRI and TRUS to identify the aetiology of the haematospermia. The average age and disease duration were 39.3 years and 24.1 months, respectively. The mean operative time was 81.1 min. The positive result rates for MRI and TRUS were 95.7% (22/23) and 39.1% (9/23), respectively. Compared with TRUS, MRI had a significantly higher preoperative positive diagnostic rate (p < 0.01). These results suggest that MRI should be considered as a method for diagnosing intractable haematospermia in patients when TRUS findings are negative or inconclusive.     

Seminal Vesicle Cystadenoma: A Rare Clinical Perspective

A 52-yr-old man presented with severe obstructive urinary symptoms. Ten years earlier, a digital rectal examination disclosed a small mass above the prostate, and a computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 3.5-cm cystic tumor of the right seminal vesicle. He had been followed conservatively elsewhere. Reevaluation of the mass with a CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed that the mass had grown to a maximal diameter of 14 cm. A transabdominal needle biopsy revealed benign fibromuscular tissue. The tumor was then resected by an open transvesical approach. Pathology was consistent with a benign seminal vesicle cystadenoma. The natural history, pathology, and surgical approach are described.     

经尿道精囊镜诊治顽固性或复发性血精162例临床资料分析

目的:分析经尿道精囊镜诊治顽固性或复发性血精的可行性和有效性。方法:回顾分析2007年1月至2010年7月采用经尿道精囊镜诊治的顽固性或复发性血精患者162例,患者年龄19～76岁,血精病史3个月至11年,术前均因血精就诊,均行血清PSA、经直肠前列腺、精囊腔内B超以及盆腔CT或MRI检查,常规抗生素治疗4周效果欠佳或反复发作者,收治入院,行经尿道精囊镜检查。结果:全部病例术中均可见一侧或双侧精囊中暗红色或紫红色胶浆样物质和炎性改变,所有患者均取小块组织活检,病理结果回报为精囊黏膜慢性炎性改变,15例患者另可见射精管或精囊中结石;术后平均随访时间为21.7个月(12～29个月),92.6%(150/162)的患者在术后随访中经过1～15次射精后,血精消失或减轻。1例(67岁)患者因无射精活动而无法判断,7例患者术后血精消失超过3个月后复发,4例患者术后血精症状无减轻。1例患者术后发生急性双侧附睾炎,所有病例术后未见逆行射精、尿失禁或直肠损伤等并发症。结论:经尿道精囊镜技术是可行的诊断和治疗顽固性或复发性血精的新方法。     

Agenesis of kidney associated with malformations of the seminal vesicle. Various clinical presentations

Ureteral seminal vesicle anomaly associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis is a rare occurrence. Cystic anomaly of the seminal vesicle may be asymptomatic or discovered by rectal examination and cystoscopy for evaluation of bladder irritative symptoms, perineal and testicular pain, ejaculatory disturbances and rarely infertility. The condition was diagnosed in three patients with various clinical presentations.     

Hematospermia: An investigation of the bleeding site and underlying lesions

Background : The site of hemorrhage and causative lesions in patients with hematospermia were evaluated using the puncture technique for seminal vesicles and/or müllerian duct cysts under ultrasound guidance.
Methods : Twenty-one patients aged 26–75 years (mean, 49.8 years) underwent transperineal needle aspiration of the seminal vesicles and/or müllerian duct cysts guided by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS).
Results : Dark reddish seminal vesicle fluid was aspirated and the site of bleeding was considered to be the seminal vesicles in 11 patients (52%) (group A). In group A, abnormalities of the seminal vesicles were noted in nine patients (82%). These consisted of dilated seminal vesicles in seven (bilateral in four, unilateral in three), a seminal vesicle cyst in one and seminal vesicle amyloidosis in one. A müllerian duct cyst was confirmed to be the bleeding site in two patients (10%; group B). The bleeding site was estimated to be organs rather than the seminal vesicles in four patients (group C), in all of whom ectopic prostatic tissue was observed in the prostatic urethra. In groups B and C, seminal vesicle abnormalities were not detected by TRUS. In the remaining four patients (group D), failure to aspirate seminal vesicle fluid means that it is unclear whether hemorrhage was from the seminal vesicle or from another source. In group D, ectopic prostatic tissue was demonstrated in the prostatic urethra of three patients and unilateral seminal vesicle dilation was detected by TRUS in one patient.
Conclusion : Puncture of the seminal vesicles and/or müllerian duct cysts under ultrasonic guidance as well as cystourethroscopy is a useful and minimally invasive examination for determination of the bleeding site responsible for hematospermia.     

Laparoscopic vesiculectomy for large seminal vesicle cystadenoma

Cystadenomas of the seminal vesicles are extremely rare. Here, we report a large seminal vesicle cystadenoma. A 37‐year‐old man presented a 6‐month history of haemospermia, 10 days of Lower Urinary Tract symptoms (LUTSs) and gross haematuria. Transabdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed and revealed a large solid‐cystic pelvic mass morphometrically measured 7.0 cm × 11.9 cm × 8.6 cm on the right seminal vesicle, which caused hydronephrosis of the right kidney. The prostate‐specific antigen of the patient was 27.860 ng/dl. Laparoscopic exploration found the capsule of tumour was complete and the tumour came from the right seminal vesicle, in addition, the mass had a certain space with the bladder and prostate, which could be separated. So a nerve‐sparing Laparoscopic Vesiculectomy was performed at last, even though the intraoperative frozen section analysis could not make sure the nature of the tumour either. The postoperative pathology revealed cystadenoma of the seminal vesicle.     

慢性精囊炎119例病因及精囊镜治疗效果

目的通过对慢性精囊炎患者的病因分析及精囊镜治疗效果的评估,为临床诊治提供参考。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月本院应用精囊镜诊治的119例慢性精囊炎患者的临床及随访资料,比较手术前后精囊腺和前列腺彩超影像学特征的变化,评价治疗效果。结果119例患者术前精液、前列腺液及尿液细菌培养中,仅见1例表皮葡萄球菌、1例溶血球菌。术中精囊液检测示细菌、解脲支原体及人型支原体均阴性。84例患者完成随访,经直肠彩超显示:术后精囊纵径(LD)、横径(APD)、体积及前列腺左右径均较术前减小(P<0.05),而前列腺上下径、前后径及体积的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访3~36个月,平均(15.2±8.5)个月:血精的治疗有效率80.9%(38/47),复发率19.1%(9/47);疼痛评分(VAS)较术前明显降低(P<0.01),疼痛缓解率86.7%(39/45)、复发率15.6%(7/45),未见直肠损伤、尿道括约肌损伤、逆行射精等并发症。结论慢性精囊炎可能多为非感染性炎症,而射精管部分或完全性梗阻是炎症的直接原因。精囊镜技术对顽固性血精症和会阴部疼痛症状均显示出较好疗效,且具有创伤小、并发症少的优点。     

Seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis

Seminal vesicle cysts present at the age of high sexual activity. They manifest with symptoms of bladder irritation and pain on ejaculation. They arise because of congenital obstruction of ejaculatory duct. Diagnosis can be made by careful rectal examination supplemented by an intravenous urogram, cystogram, seminal vesiculogram, and cystoure throscopy. Surgical excision of the cyst is the definitive treatment. We present a case (fright seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis, with a review of the= pertinent literature.     

Zinner's syndrome: an up-to-date review of the literature based on a clinical case

The authors made an up-to-date review of the literature concerning the management of Zinner's syndrome and evaluated a young patient with Zinner's syndrome who had presented with urinary and ejaculatory complaints. Physical examination and transrectal ultra-sonography showed a 7.0 cm right seminal vesicle cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of Zinner's syndrome. Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia was present at the two seminal analyses. Symptomatic improvement was achieved with conservative measures. Actually, the patient is still on a follow-up programme. The diagnosis is usually established at the age of increased sexual activity. Patients may be asymptomatic or present pain, irritative urinary or ejaculatory symptoms and infertility. MRI has proved to be the best imaging examination. Treatment should be adapted to symptoms, surveillance being the best option in the absence of clinical manifestations. Surgical approach may be adequate when conservative measures prove ineffective. Zinner's syndrome should be suspected if a male young patient presents with unilateral renal agenesis and pelvic complaints and has a supraprostatic mass on digital rectal examination. The initial approach should be medical, but invasive procedures may be the only way to solve the patient's complaints. Nowadays, laparoscopic and robotic techniques must replace the open surgical approach.     

Seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral renal agenesis: laparoscopic approach

Seminal vesicle cysts with ipsilateral renal agenesis is rare. When the patient is symptomatic, surgical treatment may be necessary. However, the seminal vesicle is difficult to access surgically, and current transurethral or open surgical approaches have inherent shortcomings. The laparoscopic techniques developed in the last decade may overcome the difficulties in the surgical treatment of seminal vesicle pathology. In this study we report a patient diagnosed with left seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral renal agenesis who was managed successfully through the laparoscopic approach. The patient was a 41-year-old who suffered from perineal pain and intermittent hemospermia for 20 years. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography, CT, indicated a cyst of the left seminal vesicle and an absent left kidney. The total laparoscopic operation time was 90 minutes and the estimated blood loss was 80 ml. With a follow-up of 13 months, the patient had total relief of his preoperative symptoms without complication.