Effect of two storage solutions on surface topography of two root‐end fillings

The effect of different storage solutions on surface topography of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and new experimental cement (NEC) as root‐end fillings was investigated. Twenty‐four single‐rooted teeth were cleaned, shaped and obturated in a same manner. After root‐end resection, 3‐mm deep root‐end cavities were ultrasonically prepared. Samples were randomly divided into four test groups (A1‐A2‐B1‐B2, n = 6). Root‐end cavities in groups A and B were filled with MTA and NEC, respectively, and were then stored in 100% humidity for 24 h. The samples of groups 1 and 2 were, respectively, immersed in normal saline (NS) and phosphate buffer saline solutions for 1 week. The samples were imaged under stereomicroscope before and after immersion and were then investigated and analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA). Results showed significant difference among studied groups. Surface topography of all samples was altered by crystal formation and precipitation on root‐end fillings except for group A1 (MTA–NS). SEM and EDXA results showed that the composition and structure of precipitated crystals were comparable with that of standard hydroxyapatite. It was concluded that biocompatibility, sealing ability, and cementogenic activity of MTA and probably NEC may be attributed to this fundamental bioactive reaction.     

Adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate to dentine walls compared with other root‐end filling materials: A systematic review

This systematic review analysed the literature comparing marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with other filling materials in root‐end cavities. The PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases were searched using appropriate keywords related to root‐end filling materials and adaptation. Of 38 articles assessed, 20 met the inclusion criteria. No in vivo study was identified. In 10 studies, MTA gave the best marginal adaptation results, but no significant differences were found between MTA and any of the tested filling materials in seven studies. There was great variability in the study designs including analysed surface, unit of gap measurement and magnification amount during analysis. On the basis of available evidence, MTA presented good marginal adaptation to dentine walls. This review identified the need for the development of standardised methods to evaluate the adaptation property of root‐end filling materials in ex vivo studies as well as in clinical studies evaluating outcome.     

In vitro fracture strength and patterns in root‐filled teeth restored with different base materials

Background

There is little research on the effects of an intermediate base on the fracture strength of root‐filled teeth. This study compared the fracture strengths and patterns of root‐filled teeth restored with intermediate bases of glass‐ionomer cement (GIC), zinc polycarboxylate cement (ZPC), dual‐cured resin composite (DCRC) and Biodentine^® under resin composite.

Methods

Standardized cavities were prepared in 100 extracted human maxillary and mandibular premolars, and root canal treatment was performed. The teeth were stratified and randomly allocated to five groups (n = 20): (i) GIC; (ii) ZPC; (iii) DCRC; (iv) Biodentine; and (v) prepared but unrestored (control). The teeth were subjected to an oblique, ramped load until fracture. The fracture loads, level, mode and location were recorded.

Results

Mean fracture strengths of all restored groups were not significantly different amongst the groups. There were significant overall effects on mean fracture strength for tooth type (P = 0.002) and buccolingual width of the crown (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

The four materials were appropriate intermediate bases. The laminate restorative technique promoted fracture strengths that are likely to withstand normal and maximum masticatory function. The base material can influence failure mode, which may have implications for the clinical presentation of fractures of root‐filled teeth.     

Effects of dentin surface treatments including Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin

Abstract

Objective. Intra-canal post systems are commonly used to restore root-filled teeth. Bond strengths of the posts can be affected by various surface treatments of the post or the dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin surface treatments including erbium-chromium; yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin. Materials and methods. Forty single-rooted human maxillary incisors were filled and post spaces were prepared. After these procedures, the specimens were divided randomly into four groups according to the dentin surface treatments, as follows: (i) untreated surface (control), (ii) 1W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application, (iii) 2W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application and (iv) 3W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application. Then the posts were cemented into the root canals using dual-cured resin cement. Bonded specimens were cut into 1-mm-thick slices and push-out tests were performed using a universal testing device. All specimens were loaded until fracture and the failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope at 32× magnification. Representative specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, Tukey and Wilcoxon tests. Results. The bond strength values ranged from 3.22–4.68 MPa. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups, regardless of the different levels. The coronal and middle levels of the post space had significantly higher bond strength values compared with the apical level (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities did not increase the bond strength of the fiber posts to the root canal dentin walls.     

In vitro evaluation of the apical seal of two different retrograde filling materials

To determine whether the selection of retrograde filling material or the choice of instruments in root tip resection influences the seal of the retrograde root filling. Seventy‐two single‐rooted teeth were used. Root resection was performed using a Lindemann bone cutter, a Lindemann bone cutter with A‐shaped cutting design or a diamond‐coated bur. Retro‐cavities were prepared by piezo‐tips and filled with Super‐EBA or MTA. Teeth were made transparent and dye penetration was assessed. Teeth filled with MTA, irrespective of the resection instrument, showed no measurable dye penetration. All groups filled with Super‐EBA showed an apical leakage. There were no significant differences between the three groups filled with Super‐EBA (P = 0.09). The comparison of MTA versus Super‐EBA showed significant superiority in apical seal in favour of MTA (P < 0.0001). To use MTA as a retrograde filling material showed superior results in terms of the tightness of the apical seal as compared to Super‐EBA.     

Bond strength between dentine and a novel fast‐setting calcium silicate cement with fluoride

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentine bond strength of a novel fast‐setting calcium silicate cement (Protooth) versus a calcium hydroxide‐based cement (Dycal), a calcium silicate cement (ProRoot MTA), and a glass ionomer cement (Ketac‐Molar). Mid‐root dentine slices of 1 mm thickness were obtained from human maxillary incisors. After enlarging the lumen of the canal to 1.3 mm, the cavities were randomly filled with test materials. Samples were immersed in physiological‐like solution. The push‐out bond strength was tested on days 1, 28, and 180 (n = 12). Failure types of bonding were determined using a stereomicroscope. We analysed the data using linear regression. Dycal and day 1 were considered as reference for cement type and assessment time, respectively. Protooth, Ketac‐Molar, and ProRoot MTA demonstrated higher push‐out bond strength than Dycal. The push‐out bond strength in the Protooth group increased on day 28 and 180. The bond strength of Ketac‐Molar was significantly reduced on day 28. Dycal showed a significant decrease in bond strength on day 180 compared with that on day 1 and 28. Mixed failure was the dominant failure type. Protooth bonding to dentine was increased with time, in contrast to that of ProRoot MTA, Dycal, and Ketac‐Molar, as a function of time.     

Erbium:YAG laser versus ultrasonic in preparation of root-end cavities

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the sealing effectiveness of the Erbium:YAG laser to the sealing effectiveness of an ultrasonic device in the preparation of similar retrograde cavities using different retrograde filling materials. After root-canal instrumentation and filling, apices of 60 single-rooted teeth were resected. Retrograde class I cavities 3 mm deep were prepared using an ultrasonic device (group A) and Er:YAG laser (group B). An ultrasonic unit was used with CT-5 retrotip at the frequency of 32 KHz. Laser beam parameters were a pulse of very short duration (100 micros), energy of 280 mJ, and repetition rate of 10 Hz. Cavities of each group of 10 samples were filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Super-EBA, and IRM. Microleakage was measured using a fluid transport model. The results showed that cavities prepared with Er:YAG laser have significantly lower microleakage for all tested materials.     

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目的评价Er,Cr:YSGG激光照射对牙本质与玻璃离子水门汀间抗剪切黏结强度的影响。方法于2008年7月至12月,在中国医科大学口腔医院收集15颗因正畸拔除的无龋坏、无隐裂的完整离体前磨牙。将标本牙的颊侧与舌侧牙本质表面分别用Er,Cr:YSGG激光照射处理(实验组)和涡轮手机处理(对照组),经FX-Ⅱ玻璃离子水门汀充填及冷热循环后进行剪切力实验,计算标本牙的抗剪切黏结强度,体视显微镜下观察牙体组织的剪切断面。结果剪切力实验结果显示:实验组牙本质与充填材料间的抗剪切黏结强度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。体视显微镜观察:实验组牙体组织的剪切断面凹凸不平,充填物残留更多;对照组则较光滑、平坦。结论Er,Cr:YSGG激光照射会增强牙本质与玻璃离子水门汀间的抗剪切黏结强度。     

Evaluation of Ultrasonic and ErCr:YSGG Laser Retrograde Cavity Preparation

Root end cavity preparation techniques aim to create a clean and properly shaped cavity in a short time. Although the use of ultrasonics has been widely recommended, a laser can also be used. This study evaluated the time required and quality of retrograde cavity preparations using ultrasonics or ErCr:YSGG laser. Thirty single-rooted teeth were instrumented, root filled, submitted to apicectomies, and grouped. Root end cavities were prepared by using the following: group 1 (G1): CVD (6.1107-6) ultrasonic retrotips (CVD-Vale, São José dos Campos, Brazil); group 2 (G2): EMS (DT-060/Berutti) ultrasonic retrotips (EMS, LeSentier, Switzerland); and group 3 (G3): ErCr:YSGG (G6/Waterlase; Biolase Technology, San Clemente, CA) laser tips. The time taken to complete the preparation was recorded. Epoxy resin replicas of the root apices were examined under a scanning electron microscope. The parameters for evaluation were the presence of fractures, and the quality of the preparations. The Waterlase showed the highest mean time for preparation of the root end cavities (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the CVD and EMS groups (p > 0.05). Fractures in the cavosurface angle occurred only in G2. G1 and G2 showed better scores for quality of preparation than G3 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that root end cavities should be prepared by ultrasonic tips.     

Efficacy and retrievability of root canal filling using calcium silicate‐based and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers with matched obturation techniques

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of root canal filling procedures and the retrievability of the filling material with various sealers. Forty‐three patients assigned to endodontic treatment with (i) continuous wave of condensation technique (CTW) with AH‐plus (ii) single‐cone technique (SCT) with EndoSeal MTA. The spent time, voids entrapping and postoperative symptoms were evaluated. To evaluate the retrievability, mandibular premolar (n = 60) were divided into four groups: AH‐plus/CTW, EndoSeal MTA/SCT, MTA Fillapex/SCT and EndoSequence BC Sealer/SCT. The time required removing the filled materials and remnant score were examined. EndoSeal MTA/SCT showed significantly shorter time of filling procedure. The number of void did not show significant differences between two techniques. No patients showed clinical signs during the follow‐up periods. There were no significant differences between group AH‐plus and EndoSeal MTA for remnant score. A certain calcium silicate‐based sealer with SCT may give similar clinical efficiencies as much as continuous‐wave technique using AH‐plus sealer.     

Effect of ultrasonic tip and root-end filling material on bond strength

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of three root-end filling materials (MTAA–MTA Angelus, MTAS–experimental MTA Sealer, and ZOE- zinc oxide and eugenol cement) in retrograde preparations performed with different ultrasonic tips (CVD, Trinity, and Satelec).

Materials and method

Ninety 2-mm root sections from single-rooted human teeth were used. The retrograde cavities were prepared by using the ultrasonic tips, coupled to a device for position standardization. The specimens were randomly divided into nine groups: CVD MTAA; CVD MTAS; CVD ZOE; Trinity MTAA; Trinity MTAS; Trinity ZOE; Satelec MTAA; Satelec MTAS; Satelec ZOE. Each resin disc/dentin/root-end filling material was placed in the machine to perform the push-out test. The specimens were examined in a stereomicroscope to evaluate the type of failure. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α?=?0.05).

Results

The highest bond strength was observed for the CVD tip irrespective of the material used (P?<?0.05). There was no significant difference for the Trinity TU-18 diamond and S12 Satelec tips (P?>?0.05). MTAA and MTAS showed highest bond strength. The most common type of failure was adhesion between the filling material and dentin wall, except for ZOE, where mixed failure was predominant.

Conclusions

The CVD tip favored higher bond strength of the root-end filling materials. MTA Angelus and experimental MTAS presented bond strength to dentin prepared with ultrasonic tips.

Clinical relevance

Root-end preparation with the CVD tip positively influences the bond strength of root-end filling materials. MTA Angelus and experimental MTAS present bond strength to be used as root-end filling materials.

     

Tensile bond strength of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated human dentin and analysis of dentin-resin interface.

OBJECTIVES: As the bond strength of composite resin to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated dentin has not yet been evaluated, the objectives of this study were to investigate the tensile bond strength and to analyze the resin-dentin interface among bur-cut/acid-etched, Er,Cr:YSGG laser-ablated/acid-etched and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-ablated human dentin. METHODS: Crown dentin disks prepared from extracted human third permanent molars were used for the observation of surface morphological changes by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The laser energy parameters were 3.5 W and 20 Hz with water spray (air pressure level, 80%; water pressure level, maximum level). Another group of crown dentin disks were prepared for composite resin restoration and observation of resin-dentin bond interface after demineralization in 6N hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 1 min and deproteinization in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) for 10 min. The tensile bond strengths of the three groups were measured by a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture types at the dentin-resin interface were analyzed using the digital stereoscopic microscope and fractured surfaces of the debonded specimens were examined by SEM. RESULTS: All three groups showed that the treated surfaces were free of dentin debris and smear layer. The peritubular dentin protruded from the surrounding intertubular dentin after laser irradiation. The dentin-resin interface treated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and acid etching demonstrated numerous resin tags converging into a bulge and then diverging again. The length of resin tags was greater than 100 microm. The tensile bond strengths of bur-cut/acid-etched, laser-ablated/acid-etched and laser-ablated human dentin were 5.37+/-1.51, 5.17+/-1.41 and 3.29+/-0.86 MPa, respectively. No statistical significance was found between the bur-cut/acid-etched and laser-ablated/acid-etched groups. The predominant fracture modes of bur-cut/acid-etched, laser-ablated/acid-etched and laser-ablated human dentin were Type 1 (50%), Type 2 (70%) and Type 1 (70%), respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation affects adversely adhesion of resin to dentin but acid etching following laser irradiation could increase the tensile bond strength as high as that of bur-cut/acid-etched human dentin.     

Efficacy of laser and ultrasonic‐activated irrigation on eradicating a mixed‐species biofilm in human mesial roots

This study investigated the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and ultrasonic activated irrigation on eradicating a mixed‐species biofilm grown in root canals with complex anatomy. The biofilm was grown over 4‐weeks in the root canals of decoronated human mandibular molar teeth. Control roots received no further treatment. The remaining roots were chemomechanically prepared using different irrigating protocols: 4% NaOCl and 15% EDTAC with ultrasonic activated irrigation and laser activated irrigation using power settings of 0.5 W and 0.75 W. Cellular viability was determined using serial plating. One tooth from each group was subjected to qualitative SEM analysis. Quantification by culturing revealed significant differences between control group and all other treatment groups. This study demonstrated that chemomechanical irrigation with laser and ultrasonic activated irrigation significantly reduced the bacterial load from complex root canal systems; however, there were no significant differences found between the experimental groups.     

Adhesion to Er:YAG laser and bur prepared root and crown dentine

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strengths between dentine and resin composite obtained after Er:YAG laser treatment of crown or root dentine used together with self‐etch and total‐etch adhesive systems. Methods: One etch‐and‐rinse adhesive (Single Bond, 3M, USA) and one self‐etch system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray, Japan) were applied to root and crown dentine prepared with a regular bur in a turbine or with an Er:YAG laser. The shear bond strength was determined after thermocycling and statistically analysed using independent t‐tests. Results: Crown sites bonded using Clearfil SE Bond and Single Bond adhesives yielded bond strengths similar to that of root dentine sites (p > 0.05). Clearfil SE Bond was stronger in both the lased and non‐lased groups (p < 0.05). The lowest bond strength was obtained when Single Bond without acid etching was used on Er:YAG ablated dentine. When total‐etch adhesive was used, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the laser‐ablated and laser‐ablated/acid‐etched and bur‐cut/acid‐etched groups. Conclusions: Er:YAG laser irradiation of root and crown dentine conducted prior to the adhesive protocol adversely affected adhesion and decreased bond strength compared with traditional preparation.     

Thin and thick layers of resin‐based sealer cement bonded to root dentine compared: Adhesive behaviour

This study aims to evaluate tensile and shear bond strengths of one epoxy (AH) and two methacrylate resin‐based sealers (EZ and RS) in thin and thick layers bonded to root dentine. An alignment device was prepared for accurate positioning of 20 root dentine cylinders in a predefined gap of 0.1 or 1 mm. Sealer was placed in the interface. Bond strength tests were conducted. Mode of failures and representative surfaces were evaluated. Data were analysed using anova and post‐hoc tests, with P < 0.05. The thick layer of sealer produced higher bond strength, except for the shear bond strength of EZ. Significant differences between thin and thick layers were found only in tensile bond strengths of AH and RS. Mixed type of failure was constantly found with all sealers. Bond strengths of thick layers of resin‐based sealers to root dentine tended to be higher than with thin layers.     

Tensile bond strength of Er, Cr: YSGG laser-irradiated human dentin to composite inlays with two resin cements

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tensile bond strength of composite inlays to human dentin with two different cavity preparation tools (bur versus Er, Cr: YSGG laser) and with two different bonding procedures (total-etch: Variolink II versus self-etch: Maxcem). The specimens were divided into four groups: bur-cut/Variolink II, bur-cut/Maxcem, laser-ablated/Variolink II, and laser-ablated/Maxcem. The following characteristics were then investigated: morphological change, dentin-resin cement interface, surface roughness, and tensile bond strength. Results demonstrated that the tensile bond strengths of the four groups were 19.11 +/- 5.88 MPa, 8.54 +/- 2.38 MPa, 13.72 +/- 3.43 MPa, and 12.11 +/- 3.71 MPa, respectively. We concluded that Variolink II provided higher tensile bond strength to composite inlays than Maxcem. On the other hand, the bond strength of Variolink II with dentin cavity prepared by Er, Cr: YSGG laser was statistically lower than that prepared by bur.     

Fracture resistance and histological findings of immature teeth treated with mineral trioxide aggregate

Abstract – The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the fracture strength of calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)‐filled immature teeth decreased over time. Immature mandibular incisors from sheep were extracted and the pulps were extirpated using an apical approach with a barbed broach, and the teeth were divided into three experimental groups. Group 1: untreated teeth. Group 2: the root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide paste. Group 3: the root canals were filled with MTA. All specimens were kept in saline with 1% antibiotics at 4°C for certain periods of time: 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year. Then they were tested for fracture strength in an Instron testing machine. The results were subjected to statistical analysis by the Tukey–Kramer tests. A P‐value (<0.05) was considered statistically significant. One tooth from each group was selected randomly for a histological study, examining matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP14) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). The results showed the mean fracture strengths decreased over time for all the three groups. Although the untreated teeth showed the highest value (45.5 MPa) at 2 weeks, the fracture strengths decreased significantly after 2 months (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the teeth treated with calcium hydroxide or MTA decreased, but not significantly over time (P > 0.05). For the MTA‐treated teeth, the fracture strengths were not found significantly different from the untreated or calcium hydroxide‐treated teeth at 2 weeks or 2 months (P > 0.05). However, the strength was significantly higher in the MTA group compared with the other two groups after 1 year (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence images revealed expression of collagen type 1, MMP‐2 and MMP‐14 in both untreated and endodontically treated teeth. However, TIMP‐2 was only observed in the MTA‐treated teeth. In conclusion, the teeth with root treatment with MTA showed the highest fracture resistance at 1 year (P < 0.05). An explanation could be that MTA induced the expression of TIMP‐2 in the dentin matrix and thereby possibly prevented destruction of the collagen matrix.     

Push‐out bond strength of gutta‐percha with a new bioceramic sealer in the presence or absence of smear layer

The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strength of a new bioceramic sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer) and AH Plus in the presence or absence of smear layer. Extracted single‐rooted human teeth were prepared and randomly divided into four groups. In groups 1 and 3, the root canals were finally irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and smear layer was not removed, but in groups 2 and 4, the root canals were finally irrigated with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl in order to remove the smear layer. In groups 1 and 2, the root canals were obturated with gutta‐percha/AH Plus, but in groups 3 and 4, obturation was performed with gutta‐percha/EndoSequence BC Sealer. Push‐out bond strength and failure modes were evaluated. The bond strength of gutta‐percha/AH Plus and gutta‐percha/EndoSequence BC Sealer was not significantly different (P = 0.89). The presence or absence of smear layer did not significantly affect the bond strength of filling materials (P = 0.69). The mode of bond failure was mainly cohesive for all groups. In conclusion, the bond strength of the new bioceramic sealer was equal to that of AH Plus with or without the smear layer.     

Histological evaluation of MTA as a root-end filling material

AIM: To assess the histological response associated with grey mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) as root-end filling materials in teeth where the root canals were not filled and the coronal access cavities were not restored. METHODOLOGY: Periapical lesions were developed in 24 premolar teeth in three dogs. The root canals were prepared and half of them were dried, filled and the coronal access restored (closed). The remaining teeth were not root filled and no coronal restoration was placed (open). Apical root-end resections were performed 3 mm from the apex, and root-end cavities were prepared with ultrasonic tips. These were randomly filled with either ZOE or GMTA in the same number of specimens using MAPSYSTEM device. After 180 days the animals were killed and blocks of tissues removed and processed for histological examination. Periradicular tissue reaction was evaluated, including severity of inflammation and cementum formation. Statistical analysis was performed using anova analysis and Tukey's test. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the levels of inflammation in the periradicular tissues of the GMTA/closed group, compared with the ZOE/open and ZOE/closed groups (P < 0.05) but not between GMTA/closed and GMTA/open groups. Cementum formation was not found over any ZOE specimens but over MTA in all specimens. No microorganisms were found in the interface between the material and the dentinal walls. CONCLUSIONS: GMTA was associated with less periapical inflammation and tissue response when used as a root-end filling material, even when no root filling or coronal restoration was present.     

Root canal filling in primary molars without successors: Mineral trioxide aggregate versus gutta‐percha/AH‐Plus

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographical success of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and gutta‐percha/AH‐Plus used as a root canal filling material in primary second molars without successors. A total of 16 patients (9 girls, 7 boys) aged 6–13 years (mean: 10.5) were selected and randomly distributed into the treatment groups. Children were recalled for clinical and radiographic examination at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. Differences in treatment outcomes were analysed using chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests. Clinically, there was no significant difference in the success rates between the groups at the end of a 3‐year follow‐up period (MTA: 100%; Gutta‐percha/AH‐Plus: 70%) (P > 0.05). However, radiographically, there was a significant difference between the groups (MTA: 80%; gutta‐percha/AH‐Plus: 30%) (P < 0.05). The present study showed that MTA can be recommended for use in root canal treatment of primary molars without successors based on better radiographic success.