腹腔镜可调节捆扎带胃减容术治疗单纯重度肥胖症的临床应用

目的评价腹腔镜可调节捆扎带胃减容术(laparoscopicadjustablegastricbanding,LAGB)治疗单纯重度肥胖症的效果。方法对15例病态肥胖患者(平均年龄28岁,体重指数平均33.7kg/m2)施行LAGB,并观察其初步疗效。结果LAGB手术时间65～185(平均100)min,出血量10～60(平均29)ml。15例患者无手术死亡,术中、术后均未出现并发症。术后15例均获得25～43(平均31)周的随访,并根据需要调节捆扎带、控制减重速度。全组患者减重10.5～35.0(平均19.2)kg;无营养不良症状出现。结论LAGB治疗单纯重度肥胖症具有微创、安全等特点,近期减重效果满意,但其远期疗效仍需进一步观察。     

腹腔镜可调节胃束带减容术治疗肥胖症的护理体会

目的探讨腹腔镜可调节胃束带减容术（laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding,LAGB）治疗肥胖症的护理体会。方法回顾性分析2007年10月-2009年8月我院3例腹腔镜可调节胃束带减容术的临床护理资料。结果 3例手术均顺利进行,手术时间75 min、100 min、170min,出血量20 ml、30 ml、70 ml,术后住院3 d、4 d、8 d,1例出现套孔管感染,全组无死亡病例。术后随访,根据需要调节捆扎带、控制减重速度,1例随访7月,体重减轻36 kg,1例随访14月,体重减轻40 kg,1例随访22月,减重减轻60 kg,无体重反弹及营养不良病例。结论通过术前良好的心理护理、术前准备及术后并发症的观察与护理,对提高LAGB质量肥胖症的疗效是非常重要的。     

吸入氧浓度对行腹腔镜胃减容术的病态肥胖患者肺氧合和呼吸力学的影响

目的探讨不同FiO2对行腹腔镜胃减容术的病态肥胖患者肺氧合和呼吸力学的影响。方法选择择期行腹腔镜胃减容术的病态肥胖患者99例。采用随机数字表法分为3组,全身麻醉插管后维持FiO240%(L组,33例)、FiO260%(M组,33例)、FiO280%(H组,33例),直至手术结束。于未吸氧前(T0)、达目标氧浓度后5 min(T1)、气腹后1 h(T4)、气腹结束后5 min(T5)、入PACU后10 min(T6)、出PACU时(T7)采集桡动脉血进行血气分析,记录并计算氧合指数(oxygenation index,PaO2/FiO2)、动脉肺泡氧分压比(arterial/alveolar oxygen partial pressure ratio,a/APO2)、PaCO2;记录T1、气腹后5 min(T2)、气腹后30 min(T3)、T4、T5时刻气道平台压(plateau airway pressure,Pplat)、气道峰压(peak airway pressure,Ppeak)、动态肺顺应性(dynamic lung compliance,Cdyn);记录停药开始到拔管的时间、PACU停留时间、高氧血症(术中PaO2>300 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)和去氧饱和发生情况(术中SpO2<95%的例数、拔管后5 min SpO2下降至92%的例数及时长、PACU内SpO2<92%的例数)、不良事件发生情况(PACU内恶心呕吐、需应用口咽通气道或无创正压通气)、术后住院天数。结果3组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与M组比较,L组、H组PACU停留时间延长(P<0.05),其余临床特征资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);H组T6、T7时点PaO2/FiO2较L组、M组降低(P<0.05),T4时点PaO2/FiO2、T6时点PaCO2较L组升高,T5时点Cdyn较L组降低(P<0.05),高氧血症的发生率较L组、M组升高(P<0.05);3组T0、T1、T5时点PaO2/FiO2、PaCO2,T0、T1、T4~T7时点a/APO2,T1~T4时点Cdyn,T1~T5时点Pplat、Ppeak差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与T0时点比较,3组T1、T4、T6、T7时点及L组T5时点PaO2/FiO2降低(P<0.05),3组T1、T4~T7时点a/APO2降低、PaCO2升高(P<0.05)。与T6时点比较,3组T7时点PaO2/FiO2、a/APO2、PaCO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与T1时点比较,3组T2~T5时点Pplat、Ppeak升高(P<0.05),Cdyn降低(P<0.05);与T4时点比较,3组T5时点Pplat、Ppeak降低(P<0.05),Cdyn升高(P<0.05)。3组去氧饱和及不良事件的发生情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与40%、80%的FiO2相比,行腹腔镜胃减容术的病态肥胖患者术中给予60%的FiO2对肺氧合和呼吸力学的优化是有效的,同时能够降低高氧血症的发生率且不增加去氧饱和及不良事件的发生风险。     

病态肥胖患者胃减容术的麻醉管理

病态肥胖症（morbid obesity,MO）,特别是合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）患者的麻醉给麻醉医师提出了诸多挑战。充分的术前评估和围术期准备是患者平稳渡过围手术期的关键。MO影响多个重要器官,麻醉前评估除了病史及体格检查外,应着重了解循环和呼吸系统的问题,MO患者气管插管可能更困难,应详细评估气道,制定插管备选策略。此外,不同的药代动力学和药效学,围手术期及术后的管理也同样棘手。现通过1例MO患者的病例,讨论分析此类患者适合的麻醉方法和管理技术。     

腹腔镜胃减容术的护理配合与体会

<正>肥胖已成为全球愈来愈严重的健康问题,它不仅增加了许多疾病的发生率,而且严重影响患者的生活品质,甚至寿命。目前,减重是治疗病态性肥胖最好的方法,不仅能大幅改善患者的健康状况,还可提高患者的生活质量。近年,由于腹腔镜技术的发展,腹腔镜胃减容术已成为减重手术的首选,每年的手术数量也在急剧增加,适于病态性或重度肥     

腹腔镜可调节捆扎带胃减容术操作要点

目的探讨腹腔镜下可调节捆扎带胃减容术的安全性、可行性、有效性。方法对122例单纯性肥胖患者施行腹腔镜可调节捆扎带胃减容术（LAGB），年龄16～62岁，体重指数（BMI）32～52不等的资料进行分析。结果全组无死亡病例，并发症3例，胃排空障碍1例，经保守治疗后好转；皮下注水泵移位2例，经再次手术固定后未再移位。术后随访2～54月，减重10～70kg，平均25kg，无体重反弹及营养不良病例。结论LAGB术操作简便、手术风险小、不对胃进行任何破坏，生理改变较小，且可在体外经胃捆扎带通过水囊进行按需调节调节减重、减重效果持久而明显的优点。     

1例肥胖症患者腹腔镜下行可调节胃束带减容术的护理

对1例肥胖症患者腹腔镜下行可调节胃束带减容术，结果手术效果满意。提出术前正确评估患者病情，加强心理护理，完善术前准备，术后严密监测生命体征，预防脑梗死、肺栓塞等并发症发生，是保证手术成功的关键。     

1例肥胖症患者腹腔镜下行可调节胃束带减容术的护理

对1例肥胖症患者腹腔镜下行可调节胃束带减容术,结果手术效果满意.提出术前正确评估患者病情,加强心理护理,完善术前准备,术后严密监测生命体征,预防脑梗死、肺栓塞等并发症发生,是保证手术成功的关键.     

腹腔镜可调节捆扎带胃减容术对病态肥胖患者免疫功能的影响

目的比较病态肥胖症(MO)患者行腹腔镜可调节捆扎带胃减容术(LAGB)手术前后的免疫功能。方法MO组15例,平均体重指数(BMI)358kg/m2,于2003年6月2003年10月行LAGB,监测手术后体重变化。并于术前、术后1、3、6个月测定外周血T淋巴细胞总数(TLC)、T细胞亚群(CD+3、CD+4、CD+8、CD+4/CD+8)、自然杀伤细胞(NKC)百分比、血浆白细胞介素2(IL2)、白细胞介素6(IL6)浓度等免疫指标。对照组15例,平均BMI236kg/m2,入院时检测上述指标。应用SPSS110统计分析软件对各组数据进行统计学分析。结果MO组与对照组相比,术前CD+4、CD+4/CD+8显著降低(P<001),血浆IL2、IL6浓度显著升高(P<001)。LAGB术后6月体重、BMI、腰围及臀围均明显下降(P<001)。与术前相比,MO组术后6个月CD+4、CD+4/CD+8明显升高(P<005),但仍低于对照组(P<001);IL2、IL6浓度明显降低(P<001,P<005)。结论MO患者合并免疫功能异常,LAGB术后体重减轻后,免疫功能可部分改善。     

Controversies in Bariatric surgery: Evidence-based discussions on laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a surgical option that involves placing a silicone band circumferentially around the uppermost aspect of the stomach. The band creates a small proximal pouch that empties slowly resulting in early satiety and a decreased appetite. The band is attached to an access port that is secured to the rectus muscle and can be accessed percutaneously in the office with a needle. Injection of saline into the port results in tightening of the band. This is performed on an individual basis according to weight loss and appetite. Band adjustments are required approximately 5–6 times in the first year and 2–3 times in the second year. Weight loss is gradual, averaging 1–2 lb/week during the first 2 years after surgery.     

Benchmarking hospital outcomes for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

Background Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of laparoscopic adjustable gastric bands (LAGB) in June 2001, the number LAGB procedures performed in the United States has increased exponentially. This study aimed to benchmark the authors’ initial hospital experience to FDA research trials and evidence-based literature. Methods Over a 2-year period, 87 consecutive patients with a mean age of 43 years (range, 21–64 years) and a body mass index of 45.6 kg/m² (range, 35–69 kg/m²) underwent an LAGB procedure at the authors’ institution. The authors conducted a retrospective review of the outcomes including conversion, reoperation, mortality, perforation, erosion, prolapse, port dysfunction, excess weight loss, and changes in comorbidities, then compared the data with published benchmarks. Results Gender, age, and body mass index were comparable with those of other series. Perioperative adverse events included acute stoma obstruction (n = 1) and respiratory complications (n = 2). Delayed complications included gastric prolapse (n = 4) and port reservoir malposition (n = 4). Five bands were explanted. The mean follow-up period was 14 months (n = 79). The mean percentage of excess weight loss was 30% (range, 4.7–69%) at 6 months, 41% (range, 9.6–82%) at 12 months, and 47% (range, 14–92%) at 24 months. Comorbidities resolved included diabetes (74%), hypertension (57%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (55%) and dyslipidemia (38%). Conclusions The short-term outcomes for LAGB were comparable with published benchmarks. With adequate weight loss, most patients achieve significant improvement in obesity-related illnesses. With new bariatric accreditation standards and mandates required for financial reimbursement, hospitals will need to demonstrate that their clinical outcomes are consistent with best practices. The authors’ early experience shows that LAGB achieves significant weight loss with low mortality and morbidity rates. Despite a more gradual weight loss, most patients achieve excellent weight loss with corresponding improvement of comorbidities within the first 2 years postoperatively. Poster Presentation at Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX 2006     

Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia due to laparoscopic gastric banding

A patient developed a huge diaphragmatic hernia following laparoscopic gastric banding. Almost the entire stomach was incarcerated within the left chest. Segmental necrosis of the greater curvature of the stomach necessitated partial gastrectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. The etiology, diagnosis and treatment of this previously undescribed complication of laparoscopic gastric banding are addressed in relation to the present case.     

Gallbladder disease in patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing weight loss surgery may have an increased incidence of subsequent gallbladder disease. Management options include treatment of symptomatic disease only, preoperative ultrasonography and concurrent cholecystectomy in presence of stones, routine concurrent cholecystectomy, and choleretic therapy postoperatively. Here we report our approach to patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and subsequent outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review of all consecutive patients undergoing LAGB at our institution was performed. Only symptomatic patients were preoperatively evaluated for cholelithiasis and underwent concurrent cholecystectomy. No choleretics were used postoperatively. Weight loss data were collected when patients returned for band adjustments. All band adjustments were patient-driven and performed under fluoroscopic guidance. RESULTS: Between November 2001 and July 2004, 324 patients underwent LAGB. Mean starting weight was 143.6 kg (range, 92.3 to 250.5 kg), and mean body mass index was 50.5 kg/m(2) (range, 35.6 to 80 kg/m(2)). Fifty-six patients had undergone previous cholecystectomy, and 7 other patients underwent concurrent cholecystectomy. Average follow-up was 12.5 months (range, 1.3 to 31 months). Absolute weight loss for all patients ranged from - 2.7 to 102.3 kg. Of the remaining patients, 3 underwent subsequent uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. No independent predictors for post-LAGB gallbladder disease were identified. CONCLUSION: Despite significant weight loss, few patients require cholecystectomy after LAGB. Routine preoperative ultrasonography, empiric cholecystectomy, and choleretic therapy are of questionable value in LAGB patients. Considering the magnitude of weight loss in our patients, empiric cholecystectomy for all bariatric procedures may merit further investigation.     

Treatment of massive super-obesity with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists concerning the optimal treatment of patients with massive super-obesity (body mass index >60 kg/m(2)). The ideal surgical operation must balance optimal weight loss with minimal morbidity and mortality. We report our results for this patient population undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all consecutive patients undergoing LAGB at our institution. Patients with a preoperative body mass index >60 kg/m(2) were identified and their charts were reviewed. Weight loss data were collected when the patients returned for band adjustments. All band adjustments were patient driven and performed under fluoroscopic guidance. RESULTS: Between November 2001 and October 2004, 352 patients underwent LAGB. Of these, 53 had a preoperative body mass index >60 kg/m(2) (15%). The mean absolute weight and body mass index was 186.6 kg (range 139.6-250.6) and 66 kg/m(2) (range 60.0-79.8), respectively. The average follow-up was 12.5 months (range 1.3-31). The most prevalent co-morbidities were obstructive sleep apnea (64%), hypertension (42%), and diabetes mellitus (42%). Postoperative complications included one band removal for chronic obstruction, one band revision for slippage, and one nonfatal pulmonary embolism. The mean percentage of excess weight loss was 15% (-1.1 to 27.4) with <6 months of follow-up, 28.1% (range 1.9-44.5) with 6-12 months of follow-up, 35.1% (range 8.8-84.9) with 12-18 months of follow-up, and 42.9% (range 15.7-80.1) with >18 months of follow-up. Compared with our cohort of nonmassive super-obese patients, massive super-obese patients required a longer period of follow-up to accomplish a similar percentage of excess weight loss. CONCLUSION: LAGB is an appropriate surgical option for the treatment of massive super-obesity. The procedure can be performed with minimal morbidity and mortality and leads to promising medium-term weight loss. Longer term follow-up of massive super-obese patients is necessary and may demonstrate even more successful results.     

Comparative outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in adolescents and adults

Background

Obesity is a major health problem in all age groups. Morbidly obese adolescents often fail to lose weight with diet and exercise and, as adults, become candidates for surgical intervention.

Methods

We matched adolescents (14–19 yr) and adults (19–73 yr) retrospectively from university medical center-based adolescent and adult obesity surgery programs who had undergone laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding by gender and body mass index (n = 115).

Results

The most common co-morbid condition in adolescents was menstrual irregularity/polycystic ovary syndrome. Hypertension was the most common co-morbid condition in adults. The adults were nearly 9 times as likely to be diabetic as the adolescents. We analyzed patients with ≥6 months of follow-up for the percentage of excess weight loss at 6-month intervals for ≤24 months. Both groups demonstrated progressive weight loss that did not differ significantly in the initial 12 months; however, the data beyond 12 months were limited by the small numbers.

Conclusion

The presence of more serious co-morbidities in obese adults, coupled with the successful weight loss after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, in adolescents suggests that weight loss surgery might be indicated at a younger age for severely obese individuals.     

Taste change after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

BACKGROUND: Many patients have described changes in taste perception after weight loss surgery. Our hypothesis was that patients develop postoperative changes in taste that vary by bariatric procedure. METHODS: Patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) completed a 23-question institutional review board-approved survey postoperatively regarding their degree and type of taste changes and food aversion and how these influenced their eating habits. RESULTS: A total of 127 patients participated. After removing the inadequately completed surveys, 82 LRYGB and 28 LAGB patients were included. Of these, 87% of LRYGB and 69% of LAGB patients believed taste is important to the enjoyment of food. More LRYGB patients (82%) than LAGB patients (46%) reported a change in the taste of food or beverages after surgery (P <.001). In addition, 92% of LAGB versus 59% of LRYGB patients characterized the change as a decrease in the intensity of taste (P <.05). Additionally, 68% of LRYGB and 67% of LAGB patients found certain foods repulsive and had developed aversions. Also, 66% of LRYGB and 70% of LAGB patients believed the taste changes were greater than expected preoperatively. Most patients (83% of LRYGB and 69% of LAGB patients) agreed that the loss of taste led to better weight loss. CONCLUSION: Although most LRYGB and many LAGB patients experienced taste changes and food repulsion postoperatively, procedural differences were found in these taste changes. Taste changes need to be investigated further as a possible mechanism of weight loss after bariatric surgery.     

Esophageal dilation after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

BACKGROUND: Esophageal dilation can occur after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). There are few studies in the literature that describe the outcomes of patients with esophageal dilation. The aim of this article is to evaluate weight loss and symptomatic outcome in patients with esophageal dilation after LAGB. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all LAGBs performed at Columbia University Medical Center from March 2001 to December 2006. Patients with barium swallow (BaSw) at 1 year after surgery were evaluated for esophageal diameter. A diameter of 35 mm or greater was considered to be dilated. Data collected before surgery and at 6 months and 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery were weight, body mass index (BMI), status of co-morbidities, eating parameters, and esophageal dilation as evaluated by BaSw. RESULTS: Of 440 patients, 121 had follow-up with a clinic visit and BaSw performed at 1 year. Seventeen patients (10 women and 7 men) (14%) were found to have esophageal dilation with an average diameter of 40.9 +/- 4.6 mm. There were no significant differences in percent of excess weight lost at any time point; however, GERD symptoms and emesis were more frequent in patients with dilated esophagus than in those without dilation. Intolerance of bread, rice, meat, and pasta was not different at any time during the study. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience the incidence of esophageal dilation at 1 year after LAGB was 14%. The presence of dilation did not affect percent excess weight loss (%EWL). GERD symptoms and emesis are more frequent in patients who develop esophageal dilation.     

Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

Background

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is an option for the treatment of severe obesity. Few US studies have reported long-term outcomes. We aimed to present long-term outcomes with LAGB.

Large series examining laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding as a salvage solution for failed gastric bypass

Background

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has long been considered the gold standard of weight loss procedures. However, there is limited evidence on revisional options with both minimal risk and long-term weight loss results.