高效毛细管电泳测定头孢他啶对映体含量

目的 :建立测定头孢他啶对映体含量的毛细管电泳方法。方法 :在不同电极性的条件下 ,运用 β -环糊精 (β CD)手性添加剂毛细管电泳方法 ,并考察了背景电解质pH值及 β -环糊精浓度对手性拆分的影响。 结果 :拆分头孢他啶对映体的最佳条件为 :缓冲液为 5 0mmol·L-1NaH2 PO4 ,0 .0 4mmol·L-1β-CD ,3.0mmol·L-1Tris;分离电压为 2 8kV ;pH为 7.15。结论 :头孢他啶对映体在优化的实验条件下得到了基线分离。用该方法测定不同厂家的头孢他啶中两种对映体的含量 ,结果明显不同 ,应建立控制头孢他啶对映体质量的方法。所建立的方法可为药品质量控制及临床有效的选择抗菌药物提供理论依据     

非水毛细管电泳拆分抗胆碱能药物对映体

目的建立非水毛细管电泳拆分体系拆分抗胆碱能药物。方法以有机溶剂甲醇为分离介质,磷酸和氢氧化钠为支持电解质,采用带负电荷的环糊精作手性选择剂,对几种抗胆碱能药物进行了毛细管电泳拆分,并探讨了影响拆分的因素。结果以带负电荷的环糊精HDMSβCD为手性添加剂,在含有20mmol·L-1H3PO4和10mmol·L-1NaOH的甲醇介质中,成功分离了6种抗胆碱能手性药物。结论该方法具有操作简单、重现性好、分析时间短等优点,值得推广应用。     

晚期糖基化终产物修饰蛋白刺激人血管内皮细胞表达粘附分子的研究

为探讨透析相关性淀粉样变 (DRA)时血管内皮细胞粘附分子表达上调的机制 ,采取分离正常人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC) ,将晚期糖基化终产物 (AGE)修饰的人血清白蛋白 (AGE HSA)、人血清白蛋白 (HSA)与HUVEC在体外共同培养的方法 ,并用荧光单克隆抗体染色 ,流式细胞仪定量检测内皮细胞表面细胞间粘附分子 1(ICAM 1)、血管细胞间粘附分子 1(VCAM 1)、E 选择素 (E selectin)的表达。结果显示 ,正常人脐静脉内皮细胞表达ICAM 1和VCAM 1,但无E selectin的基础表达。AGE HSA能以时间和剂量依赖的方式上调血管内皮细胞粘附分子ICAM 1、VCAM 1、E selectin的表达 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而HSA对血管内皮细胞上述粘附分子的表达均无影响。提示AGE能上调血管内皮细胞粘附分子的表达 ,从而促进DRA时单核 /巨噬细胞的浸润。     

九如天宝液毛细管电泳指纹图谱研究

目的　建立中成药九如天宝液毛细管电泳指纹图谱 ,为鉴别该药物的真伪提供科学依据。方法　在缓冲液为 2 5mmol·L-1硼砂 ,运行电压 2 4kV ,温度 2 5℃条件下进行电泳实验。结果　含雌蛾、雄蛾、交配蛾及蛹的九如天宝液指纹图谱特征明显。结论　以毛细管电泳法绘制中成药九如天宝液的指纹图谱快速、简便、分离效率高、专属性强     

手性药物不同对映体在临床中的应用

手性药物是存在着立体选择性差异的对映体，对映体和体内大分子的亲和力具有明显的差异，各个异构体在生物环境中表现出的药效学和药代动力学存在立体选择性差异。据统计在1200种合成药物中，至少有40％为手性药物，其中90％以外消旋体形式给药。这种给药形式已经给患者带来巨大危害。随着气相色谱（GC）法、毛细管电泳（CE）法、超临界流体色谱（SFC）及亚超临界流体色谱（SubFC）在手性拆分中研究的迅速发展，快速高效的手性拆分已成为可能，并在监测和临床合理用药方面广泛应用。本研究参照有关文献，对手性药物对映体在临床应用过程中的药动学和药效学以及副作用方面作一综述，从而阐述手性拆分在临床运用中的意义。     

高效液相色谱手性固定相拆分酒石酸美托洛尔对映体条件的优化

目的建立高效液相色谱手性固定相拆分酒石酸美托洛尔光学异构体的方法。方法以正已烷、异丙醇和二乙胺为流动相,用ChiralcelODH手性固定相成功拆分了β1受体阻断药酒石酸美托洛尔对映体,并对流动相组成、柱温及流速等条件进行了优化。结果优化的色谱条件为:正已烷异丙醇二乙胺(65∶35∶0.1,v/v/v);柱温:25℃;流速:0.5ml/min,该条件下的分离因子为1.82。两对映体在5.005～260mg·L-1的浓度范围内,以药物浓度为纵坐标,峰面积为横坐标进行线性回归,r=0.9997。结论该方法拆分及测定两对映体简单,可靠。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定痹痛宁贴剂中东茛菪碱及乌头碱的含量

目的　建立痹痛宁贴剂中东莨菪碱、乌头碱的含量测定方法。方法　采用高效毛细管电泳法测定。以 5 0mmol·L-1pH6 .0磷酸盐缓冲液 (含 2 0 %无水乙醇 )为电泳介质 ,未涂层石英毛细管 (5 0 μm× 32cm ,有效长度 2 3.5cm)为分离通道 ,压力进样 (2kPa× 5s) ,分离电压 8kV ,检测波长 2 0 0nm ,操作温度 30℃。结果　制剂中两种生物碱能较好分离。加样回收率东莨菪碱为 98.4 % ,乌头碱为 96 .6 % ,RSD分别为 1.6 1%、1.17% (n =5 )。结论　该方法快速简便、灵敏度高 ,重现性好。     

毛细管电泳法测定尿路康颗粒中水苏碱的含量

目的建立一种以毛细管电泳法测定尿路康颗粒中盐酸水苏碱含量的方法。方法以水为溶剂，用外标法进行含量测定；采用毛细管区带电泳（CZE）分离模式，运行缓冲液2．0mmol·L^-1（pH5．0）磷酸盐缓冲液；分离温度25℃；分离电压20kV；进样压力为0．5Psi，持续5s；检测波长195nm。结果盐酸水苏碱在0．0149—0．993mg·ml^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9998），回归方程为：A=90735C-785．36；加样回收率为97．1％（n=6），RSD为2．2％。结论此方法准确可靠，操作简便易行，可用于控制尿路康颗粒的质量。     

牛黄人工牛黄人胆结石及一种牛黄伪品的毛细管电泳法鉴别

目的为严格把好中药质量关而鉴别牛黄、人工牛黄、人胆结石及其伪品。方法应用高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)法[石英毛细管70μm×60cm,电泳缓冲液30mmol·L-1硼酸盐缓冲液(pH=8.5)]对上述4种样品进行检测,检测电压20kv,波长为200nm。结果在该分离条件下,获得牛黄、人工牛黄、人胆结石及其伪品的特征性电泳图谱。结论通过该方法所得电泳图谱,可以很容易鉴别牛黄、人工牛黄、人胆结石与我们所搜集的伪品,方法简便、快速、准确,可用于牛黄等结石类中药的有效鉴别。     

低压冻干巨型聚合白蛋白的生产及其用~(99m)锝的标记

放射性同位素标记的巨型聚合白蛋白(AMAA)已广泛用于核医学作肺栓塞和其它肺疾患的常规肺扫描。本文研究在醋酸盐缓冲液内(pH=4.6)HSA(人血浆白蛋白)聚合的最宜条件。AMAA悬浮液用SnCl_2·2H_2O(10微克/毫升)溶液低压冻干,然后加入高~(99m)锝酸盐以标记冻     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.