关于递增型腹膜透析优劣性的回顾性分析

目的 探讨递增型腹膜透析(incremental peritoneal dialysis, incr-PD)较标准型腹膜透析(standard peritoneal dialysis, st-PD)在透析充分性、腹膜炎发生、残余肾功能(residual kinedy function, RKF)影响等方面的优劣性,为incr-PD的临床应用提供有力依据。方法 回顾性研究上海交通大学附属第一人民医院南院肾内科2012年1月1日至2018年12月31日腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis, PD)随访病例,根据纳入及排除标准,进行病例筛选,以透析方案分为递增组与标准组。分析两组基线特征、透析后3个月、6个月、1年、2年、3年相关指标,同时对比两组腹膜炎发生率、初次发生腹膜炎时间、平均尿量变化、残余肾丢失时间、初次外周水肿时间、住院率、病死率、PD技术生存时间、第1年透析费用等方面。结果 共纳入病例115例,递增组78例,标准组37例,两组间基线特征除初始尿量存在差异(1030.00比906.50 mL,P=0.014),余指标均差异无统计学意义(P均≥0.05)。透析后3个月,...     

自动化腹膜透析机在初置管腹膜透析患者过渡期运用探讨

目的 探讨自动化腹膜透析在初置管腹膜透析患者过渡期的运用及对患者远期腹膜炎发生率的影响.方法 将在本腹膜透析中心进行腹膜透析置管的患者随机分为间歇性腹膜透析组(IPD组)和自动化腹膜透析组(APD组),均从置管日即开始渐进式的腹膜透析7d,分别记录其出血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血钙、血磷、血钾、超滤量、尿量等指标及他们的培训时间、伤口愈合情况;同时随访半年,对比两组患者的腹膜炎发生情况,并分析腹膜炎的相关危险因素.结果 治疗前两组患者在主要临床及生化指标方面均无显著差异.过渡治疗一周后IPD组患者血压下降值、电解质下降值、尿量减少情况均较APD组患者显著,差异有显著的统计学意义(P ＜0.05或＜0.01);术后IPD组有7例患者出现伤口渗漏,APD组有1例,两组比较有统计学差异(P =0.032).APD组患者平均每天的学习和培训时间(3.45±1.34h/d)亦显著高于IPD组患者(2.34±0.78h/d),P=0.022.随访半年后两组在主要临床及生化指标方面无显著差异,但随访期间APD组患者腹膜炎发生率(3/44)显著低于IPD组(13/44)(P＜0.05).进一步Logistic回归分析显示年龄是腹膜炎发生的危险因素,培训时间是腹膜炎发生的保护性因素.结论 在初置管患者过渡期使用APD方式治疗能够有效清除患者体内毒素,保持患者水电解质平衡,并且增加患者住院期间的透析培训时间,减少远期腹膜炎的发生率,有其明显优越性,值得推广运用.     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌致腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的研究进展

腹膜透析（ peritoneal dialysis,PD）是终末期肾衰竭一体化治疗的重要组成部分, PD相关性腹膜炎是其最主要而且常见的并发症。 PD相关性腹膜炎的致病菌多种多样,但对腹膜透析相关性嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌腹膜炎关注较少,有时会导致患者拔除腹膜透析管,退出腹膜透析治疗[1,2]。本文对嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌致PD相关性腹膜炎的研究进展予以综述,以期加强认识,改善预后。     

腹膜透析患者心血管预后影响因素研究进展

近年来越来越多的证据表明心血管疾病是腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)患者的重要死亡原因,心血管并发症是影响PD患者远期预后的重要因素.探讨影响PD患者心血管疾病的危险因素,重视对PD患者心血管系统的保护,是提高PD患者远期生存率的重要保证.本文将对近年来腹膜透析患者心血管预后影响因素作一综述.     

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的影响因素分析

腹膜炎是持续性不卧床腹膜透析（continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, CAPD）最常见的并发症，自1998年双联双袋操作系统在我国广泛应用以来，腹膜炎的发生率明显降低。据相关报道，     

个性化再培训对降低浙南山区腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎发生率的效果观察

腹膜透析( peritoneal dialysis,PD) 是终末期肾脏病的重要替代治疗方式,简单方便,居家透析,特别适合偏远地区[1,2] ,与血透相比,腹膜透析有诸多优势.然而,腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎是腹膜透析患者最常见的并发症之一,是腹膜透析技术失败的主要原因[3,4].浙南山区腹膜透析患者普遍文化水平较低、平时讲...     

布鲁氏菌引起的腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎5例

布鲁氏菌(Brucella)导致的腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis, PD)相关性腹膜炎(PD-associated peritonitis, PDAP)在全球范围内都比较罕见, 目前国内外相关的病例报道极少。本文对本中心成功治愈的5例PD并发布鲁氏菌相关性腹膜炎患者进行分析汇报, 并复习相关文献, 以提高对此病的认识。     

白细胞介素-6在腹膜透析相关并发症中的作用研究进展

腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)是终末期肾脏病患者的有效肾脏替代治疗方式,PD相关并发症是限制PD进行的重要原因.白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)在PD相关并发症的多种病理生理过程中起重要作用.本文主要综述IL-6在腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(peritoneal dialysi...     

腹膜透析患者基线血清中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与首次腹膜炎的关联性

目的 回顾性分析腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)患者基线高水平血清中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)是否与首次腹膜炎发生风险相关.方法 选取2013年8月至2018年7月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院肾脏内科行PD置管术并能长期规律随访的...     

单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值与持续不卧床腹膜透析患者死亡的相关性

目的探讨单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(monocyte to lymphocyte ratio, MLR)与持续不卧床腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, CAPD)患者全因死亡及心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)死亡的相关性。方法本研究为回顾性队列研究, 回顾性分析2013年1月1日至2019年12月31日郑州大学第一附属医院495例初次CAPD患者的临床资料。以基线MLR预测患者CAPD第1年全因死亡的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线确定基线MLR的最佳截断值, 据此将患者分为高MLR组和低MLR组, 比较两组患者的临床基线资料及实验室检查结果的差异。终点事件为死亡(全因死亡和CVD死亡)、转为血液透析、转为肾移植或随访至2020年3月31日。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线, 以Log-rank检验比较两组患者间的生存差异。建立Cox回归模型, 分析CAPD患者全因死亡及CVD死亡的相关因素。结果 495例患者的年龄为(...     

Influence of autonomy and type of home assistance on the prevention of peritonitis in assisted automated peritoneal dialysis patients. An analysis of data from the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry.

BACKGROUND: In France, 48% of home-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients require assistance to perform their exchange and manage their treatment. A total of 7% are aided by their family, and 41% by a private nurse. Of all the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, 61.7%, and among automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients 23%, are assisted at home for their bag exchanges and connections. Assisted APD patients (AAPD) are more comorbid and elderly so that a home helper is not always available: this explains why most helpers at home are private visiting nurses paid by the National Social Security. In addition to the home helper (nurse or family), 58% of centres make regular additional home visits to check the respect of procedures previously taught during the initial training of the nurse or the family helper. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the type of home assistance received by dependent patients had an influence on peritonitis rates, and if home visits done by nurses of training centres may improve results. METHODS: Peritonitis rates and the probability of being peritonitis free were analysed for 1624 new APD patients recorded in the French PD Registry (RDPLF) between 2000 and 2004, and followed-up until early 2005. RESULTS: Nurse-assisted APD patients had a peritonitis rate of one episode every 36 months, and family-assisted patients one episode every 45 months; using Poisson analysis this trend was not significant (P=0.11). However, the probability of being peritonitis free was significantly higher for family-assisted (69.8% at 2 year) compared with home nurse-aided persons (54.4%) after adjustment for age, diabetes and the Charlson comorbidity index. This difference disappeared when nurses from the training centre regularly visited PD patients at their home in the presence of their helper, whichever type of assistance they received. In addition, when the nurses from the training centres visited private nurse-assisted patients, the probability of being peritonitis free was significantly improved in comparison with those persons who did not receive home visits, from 33.9% to 50.8% at 3 years (P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: APD patients assisted at home by a private nurse have a higher risk of developing peritonitis than family-assisted patients, unless additional regular home visits are organized by the original training centre. Therefore, we recommend that home visits be regularly made for dependent PD patients to optimize the quality of care provided by the helper.     

Comparison of peritonitis rates and patient survival in automated and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a 10-year single center experience

Peritonitis is a common complication in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). In this retrospective study, peritonitis rates and patient survival of 180 patients on CAPD and 128 patients on APD were compared in the period from January 2005 to December 2014 at Al-Nafisi Center in Kuwait. All patients had prophylactic topical mupirocin at catheter exit site. Patients on CAPD had twin bag system with Y transfer set. The peritonitis rates were 1 in 29 months in CAPD and 1 in 38 months in APD (p?<?0.05). Percentage of peritonitis free patients over 10-year period in CAPD and APD were 49 and 60%, respectively (p?<?0.05). Time to develop peritonitis was 10.25?±?3.1 months in CAPD compared to 16.1?±?4 months in APD (p?<?0.001). Relapse and recurrence rates were similar in both groups. Median patient survival in CAPD and APD groups with peritonitis was 13.1?±?1 and 14?±?1.4 months respectively (p?=?0.3) whereas in peritonitis free patients it was 15?±?1.4 months in CAPD and 23?±?3.1 months in APD (p?=?0.025). APD had lower incidence rate of peritonitis than CAPD. Patient survival was better in APD than CAPD in peritonitis free patients but was similar in patients who had peritonitis.     

Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in Scotland (1999-2002).

BACKGROUND: Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). We have performed a national study of all patients on PD in Scotland over a 3.5 year period examining the causes of technique failure, rates of peritonitis, causative organisms, clinical outcomes and differences between automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). METHODS: All 10 adult renal units in Scotland participated in the study and the data include all 1205 patients who were on PD in Scotland from January 1999 to June 2002. The data were collected prospectively by the PD nurses and reported to the Scottish Renal Registry every 6 months. RESULTS: Refractory or recurrent peritonitis was the cause of technique failure in 167 patients (42.6% of all cases of technique failure). There were 928 cases of peritonitis in 1487 patient-years, which equates to an overall peritonitis rate of one episode every 19.2 months. The peritonitis rates for APD and CAPD were similar at one episode every 20.3 months and one episode every 18.6 months, respectively. These results include 88 cases of peritonitis due to relapse or re-infection. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.012) in peritonitis rates between units using nasal mupiricin (one episode every 21.9 months) and those that did not (one episode every 18.3 months). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common cause of peritonitis (29%), although this rate is lower than in historic studies. The overall initial cure rate was 75%. The initial cure rate for APD was 77.2% and for CAPD was 73.7%. No causative organism was isolated in 17% of cases. CONCLUSION: PD-associated peritonitis is the leading cause of technique failure in Scotland. We validate previous studies showing a decrease in the proportion of peritonitis episodes that are caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. APD peritonitis rates are not significantly better than CAPD peritonitis rates in Scotland, and the initial cure rates for APD and CAPD are similar.     

Automated vs continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with all forms of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) was performed to assess their comparative clinical effectiveness. METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL, were searched for relevant RCTs. Analysis was by a random effects model and results expressed as relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Three trials (139 patients) were identified. APD when compared to CAPD was found to have significantly lower peritonitis rates (two trials, 107 patients, rate ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.83) and hospitalization rates (one trial, 82 patients, rate ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.93) but not exit-site infection rates (two trials, 107 patients, rate ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.56-1.76). However no differences were detected between APD and CAPD in respect to risk of mortality (RR 1.49, 95% CI 0.51-4.37), peritonitis (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.50-1.11), switching from the original peritoneal dialysis (PD) modality to a different dialysis modality including an alternative form of PD (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.25-1.02), PD catheter removal (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.27-1.48) and hospital admissions (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.43-2.17). Patients on APD were found to have significantly more time for work, family and social activities. CONCLUSIONS: APD appears to be more beneficial than CAPD, in terms of reducing peritonitis rates and with respect to certain social issues that impact on patients' quality of life. Further, adequately powered trials are required to confirm the benefits for APD found in this review and detect differences with respect to other clinically important outcomes that may have been missed by the trials included in this review due to their small size and short follow-up periods.     

Attitudes of British Isles nephrologists towards dialysis modality selection: a questionnaire study.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis demographics are changing around the world. Within the UK a striking decrease in the overall use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been noted. We set out to determine the opinions and attitudes of British Isles nephrologists about dialysis modality decisions and optimal dialysis system design. METHODS: A survey questionnaire was mailed to a random selection of members of the Renal Association of Great Britain and Ireland. RESULTS: A 63% response rate was achieved. Decisions about dialysis modality were based mostly on patient preference (mean score 4.4 on a scale of 1-5), quality of life data (mean score 3.8), and morbidity and mortality data (mean scores for both 3.6). The least important factors when choosing the modality of dialysis care were the treatment costs to either the patient or the health care system. Respondents felt that both PD and hospital-based haemodialysis (HD) were over-utilized in today's practice. They suggested that an 'ideal dialysis system' (based on patient survival, wellness, and quality of life) should have 27% of patients dialysed using hospital-based HD, 24% in a satellite unit, 11% dialysed using home HD, and 38% on some form of PD (19, 16, and 3% for CAPD, automated PD and intermittent PD, respectively). Few differences were identified between an ideal system which optimized patient survival, wellness, and quality of life, compared with one which optimized cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSION: This survey suggests that most nephrologists in the British Isles feel that hospital-based HD and CAPD are being currently overused, and that future dialysis planning should include a higher proportion of patients on satellite dialysis, home HD, and automated PD to optimize both dialysis cost-effectiveness and patient outcomes.     

Comparison of infectious complications in peritoneal dialysis patients using either a twin-bag system or automated peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and twin-bag (TB) systems are two major peritoneal dialysis (PD) modalities. Published data comparing the infectious complications of these modalities is limited. Subjects and methods. Ninety-five patients using APD (the APD group) and 117 patients using TB system (the TB group) were recruited. Among them, 35 patients used both modalities. The two groups' clinical characteristics, incidences of infectious complications, and the time intervals to first PD-related infection were compared. RESULTS: Clinical characteristics, incidence of exit-site infection (ESI), and time intervals to first ESI were similar in the TB and APD groups. The incidence of peritonitis in the APD group (1.22 episodes/100 patient-months) was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that of the TB group (2.28 episodes/100 patient-months). Using the Cox proportional hazard model, APD was found to have a lower risk of peritonitis relative to TB systems, with marginal significance (RR 0.58, P = 0.051). CONCLUSION: APD was found to have a lower peritonitis rate than the TB system. Since reducing the peritonitis rate helps to maintain technical survival during PD, from this viewpoint, APD may be preferred for patients undergoing PD, unless contraindicated.     

Chronic peritoneal dialysis in Turkish children: a multicenter study

Chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) has been utilized in the treatment of children since 1989 in Turkey. The aims of this study were to summarize our experience with CPD in children and to establish a pediatric registry data system in Turkey. Standard questionnaires were sent to all pediatric CPD centers. 514 patients treated between 1989 and 2002 in 12 pediatric centers were enrolled in the study. Reflux nephropathy was the most common (18.1%) cause of renal failure. Mean age at dialysis initiation was 10.1±4.6 years. Mean duration of dialysis was 24.1±20.5 months. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was the first CPD modality for 476 (92.6%) patients, 142 of whom switched to automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) during follow-up. Currently, 47.3% of the patients are still on CPD, 15.4% were transplanted, 13.2% switched to hemodialysis, 16.7% died. The patient and technique survivals were 90% and 95% at one year and 70% and 69% at five years, respectively. The survival was significantly shorter in the youngest age group (0–24 months) compared to those in older age groups (p=0.000). We herein report the first results of the TUPEPD study providing information on demographic data and survival of pediatric CPD patients. As opposed to clear recommendations in favor of APD, there is a clear preponderance of CAPD in our pediatric CPD population. That vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is still the leading cause of renal failure is a distressing finding. Remarkably lower survival rates and transplantation ratios are as striking and distressing as the high incidence of VUR among the causes of ESRD. We conclude that we must make a great effort to achieve better results and to change these undesirable events.