中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和CAP严重程度评分的相关性研究

目的探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与社区获得性肺炎(Community-acquired pneumonia,CAP)严重程度评分CURB-65、PSI、A-DROP三个评分的相关性,同时比较NLR、降钙素原(PCT)与这三个评分对CAP患者死亡率预测的价值。方法回顾性分析2018年1月-2018年12月我院356例CAP患者,记录患者入院24小时内采集的NLR、PCT,在CURB-65、A-DROP、PSI三个评分不同危险分层中进行NLR、PCT差异性分析,同时分析NLR、PCT与三个评分的相关性。根据存活组与死亡组,评估NLR、PCT与三个评分对预后的判断能力用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)表示。结果相关性分析结果:NLR与入院时所有评分呈正相关(CURB-65,r=0.551; A-DROP,r=0.597; PSI,r=0.628),PCT与入院时所有评分也呈正相关(CURB-65,r=0.574; A-DROP,r=0.631; PSI,r=0.624),但NLR、PCT与三个评分之间相关性无明显差异。预后评估结果:AUC用于预测死亡率,CURB-65、A-DROP、PSI、NLR、PCT的AUC分别为0.927,0.943、0.900、0.894、0.944,PCT对死亡率的预测价值最高,其次为A-DROP评分,NLR预测价值最差。结论相比较于CAP常用评分,在基层医院NLR似乎更适合应用于对CAP病情严重程度、危险分级及预后的评估。在本研究中,相比较于欧美国家提出的两个评分,由日本提出的A-DROP评分在我国的应用效果可能更好。     

入院时血乳酸水平联合重症评分对社区获得性肺炎患者预后的评估价值

目的:探讨入院时血乳酸水平联合快速脓毒症相关器官衰竭评分(qSOFA)、CRB/CURB-65评分对社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者预后的评估价值。方法:回顾性收集入院8 h内有测定乳酸的512例CAP患者,均计算每例患者qSOFA、CRB/CURB-65评分,用受试者操作特性曲线(ROC曲线)评估各指标对不良预后(气管插管机械通气或需要血管加压素及住院期间死亡)的预测价值,并确定最佳截断值,行logistic回归确定不良预后的独立危险因素。结果:3个评分系统均显示得分越高,发生不良预后的几率越高:qSOFA(19.4%、45.5%、50%),CRB-65(10.7%、45.2%、66.7%),CURB-65(11.1%、23.5%、47.6%、100%),其中CURB-65(0.791、95%CI 0.707～0.876)对CAP患者不良预后具有最高的预测价值,联合血乳酸水平后CRB-65(0.761～0.795)、CURB-65(0.791～0.835)和qSOFA(0.770～0.837)评分的预测效能提高,qSOFA评分提高最明显。结论:单独CURB-65评分对住院CAP患者短期不良结局的预测价值优于qSOFA和CRB-65评分,但联合血乳酸水平后qSOFA评分具有更大的效力,对重症患者的检出可能更有利。     

国家早期预警评分对CAP病情及预后的评估价值

目的 探讨国家早期预警评分(National Early Warning Score)对社区获得性肺炎病情及预后的评估价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年9月至2019年11月于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院住院的CAP患者共307例,收集患者的基本资料、生命体征等。比较NEWS、CURB-65、PSI评分不同危险分层间CAP重症率及病死率的差异,并分析上述三种评分的相关性。用ROC曲线下面积,表示上述三种评分对CAP预后的判断能力,通过Kaplan-Meier曲线分析不同NEWS评分危险分层间CAP患者的生存率。结果 随着NEWS评分危险等级的提升,CAP重症率、病死率相应升高,住院期间生存率降低(P<0.05)。CURB-65、PSI、NEWS评分预测CAP重症率的AUC,分别为0.932、0.928、0.958,NEWS评分对CAP重症率的预测能力相对最佳。CURB-65、PSI、NEWS评分预测CAP病死率的AUC分别为0.906、0.949、0.884,NEWS评分对CAP死亡率的预测能力相对较差,相关性分析示三个评分之间互为正相关性。结论 NEWS评分对CAP的病情严重程度及...     

改良早期预警评分对成年社区获得性肺炎患者预后的评估价值研究

背景由于社会人口老龄化进程加剧等因素的影响,社区获得性肺炎(CAP)发病率及病死率升高,治疗负担重,因此准确评估CAP患者病情严重程度,并对其预后进行评估,对合理配置医疗资源、改善患者预后具有积极意义。目的探究改良早期预警评分(MEWS)对成年CAP患者预后的评估价值,并与肺炎严重指数(PSI)评分和CURB-65评分进行比较,以期为CAP的诊治及预后评估提供参考。方法回顾性选择2016年8月—2018年8月西南医科大学附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科收治的成年CAP患者307例为研究对象。收集患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、入住ICU情况。记录患者入科后的生命体征及相关生化指标,根据收集的资料计算PSI评分(0～90分为低危,91～130分为中危,130分为高危)、CURB-65评分(0～1分为低危,2分为中危,≥3分为高危)和MEWS(0～4分为低危,5～8分为中危,9～14分为高危)。记录患者28 d死亡情况。比较存活与死亡患者临床资料、PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS,不同PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS患者入住ICU率、28 d病死率。成年CAP患者28 d死亡影响因素分析采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS预测成年CAP患者入住ICU、28 d死亡的价值;PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS三者间的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析。结果 307例患者中,28 d死亡53例,存活254例。死亡患者年龄、入住ICU率、PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS大于存活患者(P0.05)。307例患者中,PSI评分低危140例,PSI评分中危89例,PSI评分高危78例;CURB-65评分低危152例,CURB-65评分中危77例,CURB-65评分高危78例;MEWS低危214例,MEWS中危86例,MEWS高危7例。PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS中危、高危患者入住ICU率、28 d病死率分别大于PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS低危患者(P0.05);PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS高危患者入住ICU率、28 d病死率分别大于PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS中危患者(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS是成年CAP患者28 d死亡的独立影响因素(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS预测成年CAP患者入住ICU的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.917、0.788、0.852,最佳临界值分别为134.0、2.0、4.0分,灵敏度分别为76.83%、58.54%、74.39%,特异度分别为95.11%、86.67%、85.78%;PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS预测成年CAP患者28 d死亡的AUC分别为0.880、0.728、0.806,最佳临界值分别为122.0、2.0、4.0分,灵敏度分别为88.68%、54.72%、69.81%,特异度分别为81.89%、80.71%、77.95%。Pearson相关分析结果显示,成年CAP患者PSI评分与CURB-65评分、MEWS均呈正相关(r值分别为0.733、0.602,P值均0.001),CURB-65评分与MEWS呈正相关(r=0.572,P0.001)。结论 PSI评分、CURB-65评分、MEWS均能有效预测成年CAP患者入住ICU及28 d死亡的风险,且评价效能从大到小依次为PSI评分、MEWS、CURB-65评分。其中PSI评分预测成年CAP患者入住ICU和28 d死亡风险的特异度最高,所含参数多且较为复杂,更适用于住院患者;MEWS和CURB-65评分系统更为简洁,其中MEWS无需实验室检查结果,较CURB-65评分结果获取更便捷,门急诊适用性更强,尤其是条件有限的基层单位。     

CURB-age评分联合炎症因子检测预测老年社区获得性肺炎患者短期预后的价值

目的探讨CURB-age评分联合炎症因子检测预测老年社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者短期预后的价值。方法收集2016-01~2020-02郑州大学第二附属医院呼吸内科普通病房及重症监护病房(ICU)收治的112例老年CAP患者的临床资料,根据患者的30 d临床结局将其分为存活组(95例)和死亡组(17例)。比较两组的临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨影响老年CAP患者发生死亡事件的危险因素。通过绘制ROC曲线分析不同联合模型对老年CAP患者30 d发生死亡事件的预测价值。结果存活组CURB-age评分、CURB-65评分以及C反应蛋白(CRP)、CRP/前白蛋白(PA)、降钙素原(PCT)和白细胞(WBC)水平低于死亡组,而PA水平高于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,较高的CURB-age评分是促进老年CAP患者发生死亡的危险因素(OR=5.529,P=0.015)。CURB-age评分、CURB-age评分+CRP模型、CURB-age评分+PA模型、CURB-age评分+CRP/PA模型、CURB-age评分+PCT模型、CURB-age评分+WBC模型的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.894、0.929、0.947、0.949、0.916、0.906,提示均具有较好的预测效能(P<0.05)。且进一步分析显示,CURB-age评分+PA模型、CURB-age评分+CRP/PA模型的AUC均显著大于CURB-age评分的AUC(Z=2.326,P=0.020;Z=2.496,P=0.013),但其他各模型之间的AUC比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CURB-age评分对老年CAP患者的短期预后具有良好的临床预测价值,且优于CURB-65评分,联合PA可显著提高其预测效能。     

血清降钙素原和CURB-65评分以及APACHEⅡ评分对急诊老年社区获得性肺炎患者预后中的预测价值研究

目的 探讨PCT水平联合CURB-65评分系统以及APACHEⅡ评分系统快速评估急诊科老年重症CAP患者的严重程度。方法 选取2017年11月—2020年1月复旦大学附属华东医院急诊病房收住的101例CAP老年患者,依患者是否院内死亡分为存活组74例,死亡组27例。入院当天根据体检和实验室结果,计算患者的CURB-65评分、APACHEⅡ评分。比较2组CURB-65评分、APACHEⅡ评分及PCT之间的关系。绘制患者受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,简称ROC曲线),计算曲线下面积(area under the cure,AUC)、敏感度、特异度等指标。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2组患者在PCT、CURB-65评分上差异无统计学意义,但死亡组患者的APACHEⅡ评分高于存活组,且P无限接近于0。使用PCT、CURB-65评分、APACHEⅡ评分绘制患者的ROC曲线,其AUC分别为0.609 (95%CI 0.481～0.738)、0.727 (95%CI 0.608～0.846)、0.997 (95%C...     

入院时血乳酸水平联合重症评分对患者预后价值评估

目的：探讨入院时血乳酸水平联合qSOFA,CRB/CURB-65评分对社区获得性肺炎（CAP）患者预后的价值。方法：回顾性收集河北大学附属医院入院8小时内有测定乳酸的CAP患者,入选512例,每一例患者均计算qSOFA,CRB/CURB-65评分,用受试者操作特性曲线（ROC曲线）评估各指标对不良预后（气管插管机械通气或需要血管加压素及住院期间死亡）的预测价值,并确定最佳截断值,logistic回归用于确定不良预后的独立危险因素。结果：3个评分系统均显示得分越高,发生不良预后的比率越高：qSOFA（19.4%,45.5%,50%）,CRB-65（10.7%,45.2%,66.7%）,CURB-65（11.1%,23.5%,47.6%,100%）,其中CURB-65（0.791,95%CI 0.707-0.876）对CAP患者不良预后具有最高的预测价值,加入乳酸后,CRB-65（0.761至0.795）,CURB-65（0.791至0.835）和qSOFA（0.770至0.837）的预测效能提高,qSOFA评分提高最明显。结论：CURB-65虽单独对住院CAP患者发生院内死亡等短期不良结局预测优于qSOFA和CRB-65,但加入乳酸后qSOFA评分具有更大的效力,对重症患者的检出可能更有利。     

BAP-65和CURB-65评分预测AECOPD患者行机械通气的研究

目的探讨BAP-65及CURB-65评分在预测慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者行机械通气的应用。方法以呼吸内科、内科ICU病区的171例AECOPD患者为研究对象,比较机械通气患者(MV组)和非机械通气患者(非MV组)的BAP-65和CURB-65评分;构建ROC曲线分析BAP-65和CURB-65评分对AECOPD患者行机械通气的预测价值。结果 MV组患者的BAP-65评分的风险等级和CURB-65评分的分值显著高于非MV组(P0.01);BAP-65和CURB-65评分的ROC曲线下面积(AUROC)均大于0.7,能较好预测AECOPD患者行机械通气,但BAP-65评分(AUROC=0.843)优于CURB-65评分(AUROC=0.728)。结论 BAP-65和CURB-65评分均具有较好的分辨度,BAP-65评分准确性高于CURB-65评分,更适用于AECOPD患者行机械通气的预测。     

三种评分系统对重症社区获得性肺炎患者严重程度的预测价值

目的探讨快速序贯器官衰竭评分(q SOFA)、英国胸科协会改良肺炎评分(CURB-65)和简化CURB-65评分(CRB-65)三种评分系统预测重症社区获得性肺炎(severe community acquired pneumonia,SCAP)患者死亡的价值。方法收集2015年1月至2017年3月入住安徽医科大学第二附属医院呼吸内科的SCAP患者共164例,分析其一般临床资料,统计每例的q SOFA、CURB-65与CRB-65评分,比较各评分系统不同分值的患者间死亡率的差异,患者28天预后作为临床观察终点,以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)来分析三种评分系统对SCAP严重程度的预测效能。结果最终纳入164例患者,28天死亡60例,死亡率为36.6%。三种评分系统中死亡组评分均明显高于存活组(P0.05),且各评分系统中随着评分数值的升高SCAP死亡率均呈上升趋势(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,q SOFA、CURB-65、CRB-65评分三种评分系统均能预测SCAP患者28天的死亡风险,曲线下面积(AUC)分别是0.74(95%CI 0.63-0.84)、0.76(95%CI0.66-0.87)、0.74(95%CI 0.63-0.85),三者之间无统计学差异。结论新评分系统q SOFA也可预测重症社区获得性肺炎患者的严重程度,其预测效能与CURB-65、CRB-65评分相当,值得推广。     

血清维生素D、IL-6、正五聚蛋白3、N末端脑钠肽前体与社区获得性肺炎患者病情严重程度的关系及其对预后的预测价值

目的 探讨血清维生素D、IL-6、正五聚蛋白3(PTX3)、N末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）与社区获得性肺炎（CAP）患者病情严重程度的关系及其对预后的预测价值。方法 采用简单随机抽样法选取2019年6月至2021年6月邯郸市第二医院收治的CAP患者120例作为观察组，另选取同时间段来院的体检健康者35例作为对照组。采用CURB-65评分评估观察组患者CAP病情严重程度，将CURB-65评分<3分患者作为轻症亚组（n=88）,CURB-65评分≥3分者作为重症亚组（n=32）。收集所有受试者一般资料和血清25羟维生素D(25-OH-VD)、IL-6、PTX3、NT-pro BNP及观察组患者入院30 d内死亡情况。采用Pearson相关分析探讨CAP患者血清25-OH-VD、IL-6、PTX3、NTpro BNP与CURB-65评分的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨CAP患者入院30 d内死亡的影响因素。绘制ROC曲线以评估血清25-OH-VD、IL-6、PTX3、NT-pro BNP对CAP患者入院30 d内死亡的预测价值。结果 轻症亚组血清25-OHVD低...     

Comparison of severity scoring systems A-DROP and CURB-65 for community-acquired pneumonia

Background and objective:   The initial assessment of the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is important for patient management. The Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) has proposed a 6-point scale (0–5) to assess the clinical severity of CAP. The A-DROP scoring system assesses the following parameters: (i) A ge (male ≥ 70 years, female ≥ 75 years); (ii) D ehydration (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ≥ 210 mg/L); (iii) R espiratory failure (SaO₂ ≤ 90% or PaO₂ ≤ 60 mm Hg); (iv) O rientation disturbance (confusion); and (v) low blood P ressure (systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mm Hg). A-DROP is a modified version of CURB-65 (confusion, BUN > 7 mmol/L (200 mg/L), respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, low blood pressure (diastolic ≤ 60 mm Hg or systolic < 90 mm Hg, and age ≥ 65 years) proposed by the British Thoracic Society. However, validation of A-DROP has not been attempted nor has it been compared with CURB-65. The aim of this study was to confirm that A-DROP is equivalent to CURB-65 for predicting severity of CAP.
Methods:   A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients with CAP hospitalized at a single centre between November 2005 and January 2007. The 30-day mortality after admission was compared following assessment of severity using the A-DROP and CURB-65 scoring systems.
Results:   Three-hundred and twenty-nine patients were evaluated. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.846 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.790–0.903) and 0.835 (95% CI: 0.763–0.908) for A-DROP and CURB-65, respectively.
Conclusion:   The JRS A-DROP can be used to assess severity of CAP, and gives similar results to CURB-65.     

Performance status and in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with community acquired pneumonia

To evaluate the role of performance status evaluated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score in predicting 30-day mortality in subjects hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia (CAP), this was a prospective study of patients consecutively hospitalized for CAP at a large University Hospital in Italy. Performance status was evaluated using the ECOG score that in a 0–5 point scale indicates progressive functional deterioration. The end-point of the study is the 30-day mortality. Two-hundred-sixteen patients were enrolled, 75.9% were aged?>?70 years, 31.5% had severe pneumonia at CURB-65 score (3–4), and 27.5% of patients had severe disability (ECOG 3–4). Thirty-day mortality is 15.3%. Progression in ECOG score independently increases the probability of 30-day mortality at multivariable logistic regression analysis (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.60–3.01, p?<?0.0001). ECOG 3 or 4 determines a four-fold increase in 30-day mortality (HR 4.07, 95% CI 1.84–9.02, p?<?0.001). ECOG score 3 or 4 is highly predictive of death in patients classified at low risk of mortality by CURB-65 (0–2 points) score. Functional status is directly related to outcome in elderly patients hospitalized for CAP. The use of a very simple and fast tool, such as the ECOG score, might help to better stratify the risk of short-term mortality, especially in patients otherwise classified at low risk of death by CURB-65 score.     

社区获得性肺炎住院患者发生心血管事件的危险因素分析

目的研究社区获得性肺炎(CAP)住院患者心血管事件(CVE)的发生率、危险因素,以及CVE对患者入院后30 d死亡风险的影响。方法该研究为多中心、回顾性研究。收集2013年1月1日至2015年12月31日在北京市、山东省和云南省的5家教学医院住院的所有CAP患者的病历资料,并将入选患者按是否发生CVE分为CVE组和无CVE组。通过电子病历系统收集入选患者的年龄、性别、基础疾病、入院当天肺炎严重性指数(PSI)/CURB-65评分、血常规、生化检查和影像学资料,以及入院后30 d死亡人数。研究主要终点为住院期间发生急性CVE,次要研究终点为入院后30 d死亡。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析CAP患者发生CVE的独立危险因素。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线评估发生和未发生CVE的CAP患者入院后30 d的累计生存率,生存曲线之间的比较采用Log-rank检验。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析CVE对CAP患者入院后30 d死亡的影响。结果共有3561例住院CAP患者纳入该研究,其中210例(5.9%)发生了CVE(CVE组),3351例(94.1%)未发生CVE(无CVE组)。与无CVE组比较,CVE组患者年龄较大(P<0.001),合并高血压、冠心病、慢性心力衰竭(心衰)、脑血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性肾脏病、吸入因素、长期卧床者比例较高(P均<0.001),CURB-65评分3~5分和PSI分级Ⅳ~Ⅴ级者比例较高(P均<0.001)。与无CVE组比较,CVE组患者腋温<36℃、呼吸频率≥30次/min、意识改变、血白细胞计数>10×10^9/L、血红蛋白<100 g/L、血小板>300×10^9/L、血白蛋白<35 g/L、血尿素氮>7 mmol/L、空腹血糖>11 mmol/L、血C反应蛋白>100 mg/L、血降钙素原≥2μg/L、动脉血pH值<7.35、动脉血氧合指数≤300 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)以及胸部X线或CT显示多肺叶浸润和胸水者比例较高(P均<0.05),入院后30 d病死率也较高(P<0.001)。有心脑血管基础疾病的患者CVE发生率高于无心脑血管基础病的患者[13.9%(150/1079)比2.4%(60/2482),χ2=178.737,P<0.001)]。PSI分级Ⅰ/Ⅱ级的患者CVE发生率为1.7%(22/1273),Ⅲ级的患者为7.8%(40/512),Ⅳ/Ⅴ级的患者为16.9%(72/426),依次升高(χ2=228.350,P<0.001)。CURB-65评分0~1分的患者CVE发生率为3.8%(110/2924),2分的患者为17.1%(78/457),3~5分的患者为18.9%(14/74),依次升高(χ2=387.154,P<0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,年龄(HR=1.05,95%CI 1.02~1.09,P=0.002)、基础疾病为冠心病(HR=1.88,95%CI 1.01~3.51,P=0.048)和慢性心衰(HR=4.25,95%CI 1.89~9.52,P<0.001)、PSI分级(HR=1.66,95%CI 1.50~2.62,P=0.029)以及血降钙素原≥2μg/L(HR=3.72,95%CI 1.60~8.66,P=0.002)是CAP患者发生CVE的独立危险因素。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线结果显示,发生CVE的CAP患者入院后累计30 d生存率低于未发生CVE的CAP患者(P<0.001)。校正了年龄、性别、基础疾病、CURB-65评分和PSI分级后多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,发生CVE增加CAP患者入院后30 d死亡风险(HR=6.05,95%CI 3.11~11.76,P<0.001)。结论虽然CVE在我国CAP住院患者中的发生率不高,但在重症肺炎和原有心血管基础疾病的患者中则较为常见。年龄、心血管基础疾病和PSI分级以及血降钙素原是住院CAP患者发生CVE的重要危险因素。CVE可增加CAP住院患者30 d死亡风险。     

Low CURB-65 is of limited value in deciding discharge of patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Background

The relationship between clinical judgment and indications of the CURB-65 score in deciding the site-of-care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate reasons for hospitalization of CAP patients with CURB-65 score of 0 and 1.

Methods

An observational, retrospective study of consecutive CAP patients was performed at the Fondazione Cà Granda, Milan, Italy, between January 2005 and December 2006. The medical records of hospitalized patients with CAP having a CURB-65 score of 0 and 1 were identified and reviewed to determine whether there existed a clinical basis to justify hospitalization.

Results

Among the 580 patients included in the study, 218 were classified with a CURB-65 score of 0 or 1. Among those, 127 were hospitalized, and reasons that justified hospitalization were found in 104 (83%) patients. Main reasons for hospitalization included the presence of hypoxemia on admission (35%), failure of outpatient therapy (14%) and the presence of cardiovascular events on admission (9.7%). Used as the sole indicator for inappropriate hospitalization, the CURB-65 score had a poor positive predictive value of 52%.

Conclusions

Although the CURB-65 has been proposed as a tool to guide the site of care decision by international guidelines, this score is not ideal by itself, and should not be regarded as providing decision support information if a score of 0 and 1 is present. In CAP patients with CURB-65 scores of 0 or 1, further evaluations should be performed and completed by clinical judgment.     

Validation of a predictive rule for the management of community-acquired pneumonia.

The CURB-65 score (Confusion, Urea > 7 mmol x L(-1), Respiratory rate > or = 30 x min(-1), low Blood pressure, and age > or = 65 yrs) has been proposed as a tool for augmenting clinical judgement for stratifying patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) into different management groups. The six-point CURB-65 score was retrospectively applied in a prospective, consecutive cohort of adult patients with a diagnosis of CAP seen in the emergency department of a 400-bed teaching hospital from March 1, 2000 to February 29, 2004. A total of 1,100 inpatients and 676 outpatients were included. The 30-day mortality rate in the entire cohort increased directly with increasing CURB-65 score: 0, 1.1, 7.6, 21, 41.9 and 60% for CURB-65 scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The score was also significantly associated with the need for mechanical ventilation and rate of hospital admission in the entire cohort, and with duration of hospital stay among inpatients. The CURB-65 score (Confusion, Urea > 7 mmol x L(-1), Respiratory rate > or = 30 x min(-1), low Blood pressure, and age > or = 65 yrs), and a simpler CRB-65 score that omits the blood urea measurement, helps classify patients with community-acquired pneumonia into different groups according to the mortality risk and significantly correlates with community-acquired pneumonia management key points. The new score can also be used as a severity adjustment measure.     

Diagnostic accuracy of activities of daily living in prediction of community-acquired pneumonia outcomes in elderly patients admitted to intensive care units

Background/PurposeMost severity scores can predict severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its associated poor outcomes. The impact of baseline functional status on the prediction of the outcome of CAP remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to detect the diagnostic accuracy of the baseline function using activities of daily living (ADL) in prediction of mechanical ventilation (MV) and 30-day mortality and to compare its diagnostic accuracy with the CURB-65 and SCAP scores in patients with CAP.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted on 65 patients aged ≥60 years presenting with CAP and admitted consecutively to geriatric and chest intensive care units in Ain Shams University Hospitals from October 2011 to June 2012. Patients were subjected to assessment of the severity of CAP using the CURB-65 and SCAP scores, and for baseline function using the ADL score. Follow-up for MV and 30-day mortality was also done.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 69.9 ± 11.4 years; 40% of patients died, 41.5% were on MV, and 75.4% had ADL score ≤ 3 points. By logistic regression, the ADL score was found to be an independent predictor for mortality and MV in patients with CAP after adjusting for confounding factors. Using ADL score for prediction of mortality and MV was best at cut off ≤ 3, which revealed area under the curve (AUC) = 0.705, 0.679; p = 0.005, 0.015; sensitivity = 100%, 96.3%; specificity = 41% and 39.5%, respectively. Pairwise comparison between AUCs of the ADL score and other scores revealed no significant difference.ConclusionThe ADL score can be an attractive alternative to conventional indices as it is an independent predictor for mortality and MV in patients with CAP.     

Prospective comparison of three validated prediction rules for prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia

PURPOSE: We assessed the performance of 3 validated prognostic rules in predicting 30-day mortality in community-acquired pneumonia: the 20 variable Pneumonia Severity Index and the easier to calculate CURB (confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure) and CURB-65 severity scores. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively followed 3181 patients with community-acquired pneumonia from 32 hospital emergency departments (January-December 2001) and assessed mortality 30 days after initial presentation. Patients were stratified into Pneumonia Severity Index risk classes (I-V) and CURB (0-4) and CURB-65 (0-5) risk strata. We compared the discriminatory power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of these rules to predict mortality and their accuracy based on sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. RESULTS: The Pneumonia Severity Index (risk classes I-III) classified a greater proportion of patients as low risk (68% [2152/3181]) than either a CURB score <1 (51% [1635/3181]) or a CURB-65 score <2 (61% [1952/3181]). Low-risk patients identified based on the Pneumonia Severity Index had a slightly lower mortality (1.4% [31/2152]) than patients classified as low-risk based on the CURB (1.7% [28/1635]) or the CURB-65 (1.7% [33/1952]). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was higher for the Pneumonia Severity Index (0.81) than for either the CURB (0.73) or CURB-65 (0.76) scores (P <0.001, for each pairwise comparison). At comparable cut-points, the Pneumonia Severity Index had a higher sensitivity and a somewhat higher negative predictive value for mortality than either CURB score. CONCLUSIONS: The more complex Pneumonia Severity Index has a higher discriminatory power for short-term mortality, defines a greater proportion of patients at low risk, and is slightly more accurate in identifying patients at low risk than either CURB score.     

肺炎严重度指数、CURB-65评分和血清降钙素原对老年社区获得性肺炎病情及预后的评估价值

目的 探讨肺炎严重度指数（pneumonia severity index,PSI）、CURB-65评分和血清降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）评估老年社区获得性肺炎（community acquired pneumonia,CAP）住院患者病情严重程度及预后的价值.方法 选取入住江苏省盐城市第三人民医院呼吸内科CAP患者191例,用PSI、CURB-65评分系统进行评估,同时测定患者PCT.比较两种评分系统、血清PCT对患者病情严重程度以及患者预后的价值（患者住院30 d后的存活情况）.结果 PSI低风险组79例,中风险组90例,高风险组22例,血清PCT中位数分别为0.27 ng/mL、0.41 ng/mL、1.13 ng/mL,30 d死亡人数分别为4、12、10例,30d死亡率分别为5.1％、13.3％、45.5％. CURB-65评分低风险组85例,中风险组90例,高风险组16例,血清PCT中位数分别为0.22 ng/mL,0.45 ng/mL,0.69 ng/mL,30 d死亡人数分别为6、13、7例;30d死亡率分别为7.1％、14.4％、43.8％.死亡组PSI、CURB65评分及血清PCT中位数明显高于存活组（P＜0.001）;3个风险组血清PCT水平存在显著差异,随着风险级别的增高,血清PCT水平明显升高（P＜0.001）.结论 PSI、CURB-65评分和血清PCT可有效评估老年CAP患者病情严重程度及预后.