Ⅱ型糖原累积病的临床与病理分析

目的 分析Ⅱ型糖原累积病临床与骨骼肌病理特点.方法 对1例肌无力、肌张力减低患儿,行开放式骨骼肌活检、组织化学染色病理及临床分析.结果 除骨骼肌病变外,心脏、肝脏、脾脏多脏器受累.骨骼肌特征性病理改变:大量肌纤维胞浆内可见大小不均空泡,内有糖原堆积;酸性磷酸酶活性显著增高,空泡内未见脂滴颗粒.结论 Ⅱ型糖原累积病是累及全身多脏器的代谢性肌病.骨骼肌活检病理诊断是肌糖原累积病的确诊手段.     

晚发型糖原累积病II型的临床和病理研究

目的：总结晚发型糖原累积病II型（CSDII型）的临床及病理学特点。方法：回顾性分析11例GSDII型患者的临床和病理资料,并对部分患者进行随访。结果：临床表现为对称性四肢肌无力,以近端受累为主,可伴有呼吸肌无力,肌酸激酶（cK）可有不同程度升高,肌电图检查均呈肌源性损害肌电表现,可伴肌强直电位。外周血α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性明显减低,肌肉活组织检查均以肌纤维空泡样变为主要病理特征,过碘酸希夫反应可见空泡内大量糖原沉积,酸性磷酸酶染色阳性。结论：晚发型GSDII型多表现为慢性肌病,易累及四肢肌和呼吸肌,血清CK轻度至中度升高,肌肉病理见明显空泡样变。α-葡萄糖苷酶活性明显减低,有助于确诊。     

糖原累积病Ⅱ型20例临床及病理特点

目的 总结糖原累积病Ⅱ型(GSDⅡ型)的临床及病理学特点.方法 回顾性分析20例经肌肉活体组织检查病理诊断的GSDⅡ型患者的临床和病理资料,并对部分患者进行随访.结果 20例患者中婴儿型1例,表现为全身肌力、肌张力低下,肌萎缩,运动发育迟缓,喂养困难,反复肺部感染合并心功能不全,血清肌酸激酶778 IU/L,肌电图示肌源性损害,超声心动图示肥厚性心肌病;晚发型19例(少年型18例,成人型1例),表现为双侧对称性四肢近端肌萎缩或呼吸肌无力等症状,呼吸肌与肢体肌受累可不平行.15例有实验室检查记录的患者中,14例血清肌酸激酶不同程度升高(208～2600 IU/L).17例行肌电图检查,9例为肌源性损害(其中1例伴易激惹现象),4例为可疑肌源性损害,1例为肌强直样放电,1例神经源性肌源性损害合并存在,2例正常.11例行超声心动检查,发现肥厚性心肌病1例,室间隔增厚、肺动脉高压各2例.肌活体组织病理检查均以肌纤维空泡样变为主要特征,空泡形态多样,多含有嗜碱性颗粒,过碘酸Schiff反应、酸性磷酸酶染色阳性反应明显.结论 GSDⅡ型在临床上表现为慢性肌病,以躯干肌和呼吸肌受累常见.多数患者血清肌酶轻度升高,肌肉病理检查有明显空泡样变,有助于确诊.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological features of glycogen storage disease (GSD) type Ⅱ. Methods The clinical and pathological data of the 20 GSD type Ⅱ patients were reviewed. Results One patient with infantile-onset mainly presented hypotonia, muscle weakness, feeding difficulties, pulmonary infection and cardiomyopathy insufficiency and increase of serum creatine kinase (778 IU/L) and echographic evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were detected. Electromyography studies indicated a definite myopathy. Nineteen cases were late-onset, presenting a slowly progressive proximal myopathy with truncal involvement or with symptoms dominated by respiratory insufficiency. Not all muscles were equally affected. Increase of serum creatine kinase (208-2600 IU/L) was detected in 14 patients and normal level in 1 patient. Electromyography studies indicated a definite myopathy in 9 patients,with abnormal irritability in 1 patient and susceptible in 4 patients and myotonic discharge in 1 patient and no abnormalities in 2 patients. Echographic evidence of thickening of the interventricular septum and pulmonary hypertension were detected in 2 patients respectively. The common light microscopic feature of all case was a vacuolar myopathy with high glycogen content and acid phosphatase activity in the vacuoles. Conclusions GSD type Ⅱ often presents slowly progressive myopathy which often affect the toro and respiratory muscles.In most patients the serum creatine kinase level is elevated slightly. Muscle biopsy is of use to make the definite diagnosis of this disease.     

成人Ⅱ型糖原累积病致反复脑梗死1例报告及文献分析

1例以反复脑梗死为主要表现的成人Ⅱ型糖原累积病患者,对患者临床表现及肌电图、肌肉活检病理、组织化学、酶化学和电镜检查进行分析。血清肌酶升高、肌电图呈肌源性改变、肌肉活检电镜检查可见溶酶体和细胞质内糖原颗粒明显增多等符合Ⅱ型糖原累积病,可除外脑血管病的其他危险因素,脑梗死是由糖原累积病引起。脑梗死是成人型Ⅱ型糖原累积病的少见表现。     

4例临床误诊的肌糖原累积病分析

目的探讨肌糖原累积病的鉴别诊断与病理特点。方法通过分析4例临床误诊病例的症状和光镜、电镜下的改变, 提出诊断肌糖原累积病的注意事项。结果肌糖原累积病常表现为肌无力、运动后肌肉疼痛,有的伴有肌肥大,CPK增高,可被误诊为肌营养不良和多发性肌炎;光镜见4例病例肌纤维内均有大小不等的空泡,电镜下见大量糖原聚积,部分病例还可见肌纤维坏死、吞噬及再生等现象,个别出现大量脂质沉积或线粒体形态学改变。结论肌肉活检观察肌纤维光镜和电镜下的形态学改变对于确诊肌糖原累积病起极为重要的作用。     

糖原累积性肌病的临床和病理学特点

目的探讨糖原累积性肌病(MGSD)患者的临床及病理特点。方法采用开放式肌肉组织活检术及肌肉酶组织化学染色方法观察29例MGSD患者的病理特点,并收集患者的一般资料、临床症状及体征、血清肌酶及EMG等临床资料进行归纳和总结。结果本组MGSD检出率为1.88%(29/1540)。29例MGSD患者中男19例,女10例。起病年龄1~67.5岁,中位数为13岁。病程3个月~41年,中位数为7年。主要的首发症状为肢体无力(65.52%)、不耐受疲劳(24.14%)和活性耐力差伴反复呼吸困难(3.45%),主要临床表现为肢体无力(96.55%)、颈肌无力(37.93%)和呼吸肌无力(13.79%)等。27例患者行肌酸激酶(CK)检查,中位数为1266.00 U/L,其中CK正常者2例(7.41%),CK升高者25例(92.59%),且以轻-中度升高为主。29例患者EMG检查均有异常,其中86.20%的患者EMG表现为肌源性损害或肌源性损害合并肌强直电位。HE染色29例患者均出现特征性的空泡样变性坏死肌纤维,空泡大小不一、形态多样,且20例空泡样变纤维中出现嗜碱性颗粒。PAS染色阳性。结论 MGSD患者发病年龄及病程波动范围大,患者均以进行性肢体无力为主要表现,部分患者有颈部肌肉及呼吸肌受累。肌肉酶组织化学染色有明显肌纤维空泡样坏死变性,有助于明确MGSD的诊断。     

糖原累积病Ⅱ型2例家系报告并文献复习

<正>糖原累积病(glycogen storage disease,GSD)是一组与糖原合成和分解代谢异常有关的遗传代谢性疾病。根据所缺乏酶的不同,目前将GSD分为12型。糖原累积病Ⅱ型(glycogen storage disease typeⅡ,GSDⅡ),又称Pompe病,是因为先天性酸性α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase,     

少年起病的Ⅱ型糖原累积病五例临床病理研究

Ⅱ型糖原累积性病又称酸性麦芽糖酶缺乏症 (acidmaltasedeficiency, AMD),属于常染色体隐性遗传性疾病,由于染色体 17q23 25上编码酸性麦芽糖酶的基因异常 [1, 2],造成溶酶体内的酸性麦芽糖酶缺乏 [3, 4],糖原不能被分解,堆积在溶酶体和胞质中,引起溶酶体的增生和破坏,细胞结构和功能损害 [5, 6]。临床上根据发病年龄分为婴儿型(Pompe’sdisease)、儿童型 (Hers’disease)和成人型,各型的临床表现存在差异。现将 5例青少年发病的Ⅱ型糖原累积病的临床特点和病理改变报道如下。临床资料5例患者确诊的年龄在 13 ~26岁,他们的主要临床表…     

Ⅱ型糖原累积病的研究进展

Ⅱ型糖原累积病(glycogen storage disease typeⅡ,GSDⅡ)也称为酸性麦芽糖酶缺乏症或Pompe病,属于常染色体隐性遗传性疾病,是由于酸性α-糖苷酶的缺乏,导致溶酶体内的糖原分解障碍并大量贮积而致病。本文就Ⅱ型糖原累积病的流行病学、基因突变特征、诊断新方法和治疗方面的进展作一介绍。     

脂质沉积性肌病的临床、神经电生理和骨骼肌病理分析

目的 探讨脂质沉积性肌病(LSM)的临床表现、神经电生理及肌肉病理特点.方法 回顾分析16例LSM的临床表现、肌电图和神经传导、肌肉活检病理改变.结果 LSM主要临床特点为亚急性或慢性起病,以近端肌无力为主,症状呈波动性,肌无力重而肌萎缩轻.血清肌酶有不同程度的升高,肌电图多为肌源性损害,激素、核黄素治疗有效.临床上容易误诊为多发性肌炎、肌营养不良症、心肌炎、胃肠道疾病等.肌肉病理学特点为肌纤维内可见大量均匀的小筛孔样空泡,部分空泡融合成大泡或形成裂隙状.ORO染色证实筛孔样空泡被大量红染的脂肪颗粒充填,受累肌纤维以Ⅰ型纤维为主.4例患者行电镜检查可见肌原纤维间有大量脂滴沉积,其中1例伴有异常线粒体增多.结论 LSM是一种以易疲劳和肌无力为主要临床表现的脂质代谢障碍性肌病,肌无力较重而肌萎缩轻.神经电生理改变相对较轻,部分患者肌电图为肌源性损害.激素、核黄素治疗可获得良好疗效,肌肉活检病理学检查是诊断LSM的重要手段.     

Adult-onset glycogen storage disease type 2: clinico-pathological phenotype revisited

The need for clinical awareness and diagnostic precision of glycogen storage disease type 2 (GSD2) has increased, as enzyme replacement therapy has become available. So far, only small series have reported the muscle pathology of late-onset GSD2. We reassessed 43 muscle biopsies of 38 GSD2 patients. In all patients the diagnosis of GSD2 has been established by biochemistry and/or mutational analysis of the GAA gene. Additionally to the expected morphological features, ultrastructural analysis revealed a high incidence of autophagic vacuoles, lipofuscin debris, structural Z-line disorganization and histological neurogenic-like pattern that were not thoroughly appreciated, previously. Comparing age at onset and morphology, excessive vacuolar and autophagic myopathy and mitochondrial disorganization of virtually all fibres is common in infants. At juvenile onset, a more moderate vacuolization without significant differences in overall morphology is notable. At late-onset, the spectrum of vacuolar myopathy is more divergent, ranging from almost normal to severe. Here pronounced secondary alterations are observed that include lipofuscin debris, autophagic vacuoles with residual lysosomal bodies and granular inclusions, structural mitochondrial and Z-line texture alterations. Moreover, there is a high incidence of subtle neurogenic-like alteration in all subtypes. Nineteen patients were genetically tested; in 15 patients the common leaky splicing mutation c.-45T>G (or IVS1-13T>G) in intron1 of the GAA gene was found on at least one allele, facilitating genetic screening. In our patients, GAA genotype appears not to be associated with secondary alterations such as autophagic vacuoles, structural alterations or neurogenic-like changes. These findings may have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of GSD2 and for assessing therapeutic success of enzyme replacement therapy.     

Correlation between quantitative whole‐body muscle magnetic resonance imaging and clinical muscle weakness in pompe disease

Introduction: A change in vital capacity (VC) from standing to supine can be an index of diaphragm paralysis if it exceeds 25%. We aimed to verify whether the postural VC difference increases with age and reflects diaphragm weakness in DMD. Methods: VCs were measured in DMD. Postural VC difference and percentage were calculated from the VC data. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and MIP percentage were measured as an indirect index of diaphragm weakness. Results: A total of 220 patients and 544 measurements were collected. MIP and MIP percentage decreased significantly with age (P < 0.001 for both). Estimated postural VC difference and percentage also decreased (P < 0.001, P = 0.006, respectively). Age group comparisons showed a significant decrease in younger, but not older subjects. Conclusions: This study shows that the postural VC difference tended to decrease with age and might not reflect diaphragmatic weakness in DMD; however, this should be interpreted cautiously. Muscle Nerve 52 : 722–727, 2015     

Two novel mutations in the muscle glycogen phosphorylase gene in McArdle's disease

We report on a Spanish family with myophosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) deficiency (McArdle's disease). The proband and his symptomatic sister were compound heterozygous for two novel mutations: a T-to-G transversion in exon 14 (c1722 T>G) that changes a tyrosine to a stop codon (Y573X), and a G-to-A transition in exon 15 (c1827 G>A) that disrupts the consensus signal at the donor splicing site. These findings further expand knowledge of the genetic bases of muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency.     

脂质沉积性肌病的临床和病理特点

目的总结脂质沉积性肌病（lipid storage myopathy,LSM）的临床和病理特点,为早期诊断和治疗提供参考。方法对5例脂质沉积性肌病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 5例脂质沉积性肌病患者均为慢性或亚急性起病,主要表现为不同程度的肌无力和对运动不耐受、血清肌酶均升高、神经电生理检查显示肌源性损害,病理检查发现肌纤维内空泡样变,脂滴明显增多,脂滴空泡呈＂串珠＂样排列。给予能量支持、低脂饮食、糖皮质激素等治疗后患者的临床症状好转。结论脂质沉积性肌病的确诊依靠肌肉活检,该病预后良好,及时的诊断和综合治疗可明显改善患者的生活质量。     

晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型1例患者的临床和病理及其家系GAA基因分析

目的研究1例晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型(GSDⅡ)患者的临床、病理和遗传特征。方法回顾性分析1例晚发型GSDⅡ患者的临床资料和骨骼肌病理特征,同时取得患者和家属知情同意后对其家系进行遗传咨询,提取外周血白细胞基因组DNA,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增酸性-α-葡萄糖苷酶(GAA)的基因编码区,直接测序分析GAA基因突变情况。结果 1患者男性21岁,临床表现为呼吸肌、四肢近端肌无力。肌电图提示肌源性损害。三角肌病理和免疫组化染色提示肌源性损害,酸性磷酸酶染色(+)。血GAA活性明显低于正常,符合晚发型GSDⅡ诊断。2家系GAA基因分析提示,患者及其父亲和2位姑姑(父亲的妹妹)均携带一个未见报道的GAA基因新突变:位于第8号外显子的缺失突变(p.Met439del);患者及其母亲、外祖母均携带一个已报道的GAA基因16号外显子错义突变(p.Trp746Cys);该家系中发现一些非致病性杂合突变。结论在晚发型GSDⅡ家系中发现一个新的GAA基因第8号外显子缺失突变p.Met439del。先证者因存在双杂合突变导致GAA活性下降并出现晚发型GSDⅡ的临床和病理改变。     

Quantitative assessment of lingual strength in late‐onset Pompe disease

Introduction: Skeletal muscle is common in late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD). Recent data implicate common bulbar muscle involvement (i.e., the tongue). Methods: We used quantitative assessment of lingual strength to retrospectively determine the frequency and severity of lingual weakness in LOPD. We additionally examined associations between lingual strength and the presence or absence of dysarthria, and dysarthria severity. Results: Quantitative assessment revealed lingual weakness to be present in 80% of the sample. In the 24 affected patients, severity was mild in 29%, moderate in 29%, and severe in 42%. Patients with clinical dysarthria had greater lingual weakness than those without. As dysarthria severity increased, lingual strength decreased by an average of 6.82 kPa. Conclusions: These quantitative data provide additional evidence for presence of bulbar muscle disease in patients with LOPD. Further study is necessary to determine functional effects, temporal progression, and effects of treatment. Muscle Nerve 51 :731–735, 2015