门静脉高压性胃病的研究进展

门静脉高压性胃病(PHG)是由肝硬化性(或非肝硬化性)门静脉高压引起的以内镜下胃黏膜呈"蛇皮样"改变为典型特征的一种疾病。多项研究表明门静脉高压是PHG发生发展的必备条件。PHG经常并发急、慢性上消化道出血,这往往是患者就诊的直接原因。因此对PHG患者在诊断及治疗等方面进行研究具有重要的临床意义。从PHG的发病机制、分类、诊断及治疗等方面的进展进行了综述。     

肝硬化患者门静脉高压性胃病发病因素的研究

背景：门静脉高压性胃病是肝硬化患者上消化道出血的原因之一．但其发病机制目前尚不完全清楚。目的：探讨肝硬化患者门静脉高压性胃病的发生与肝硬化分级、食管胃底静脉曲张程度、腹水量和胃肠激素血管活性肠肽（VIP）水平的关系。方法：45例肝硬化患者行胃镜检查观察食管胃底静脉曲张程度和胃黏膜改变．行腹部B超检查观察腹水量，同时检测血清白蛋白、总胆红素、胆碱酯酶、凝血酶原时间等肝功能指标和血浆VIP水平。结果：Child—Pugh A、B、C级肝硬化患者、不同程度食管胃底静脉曲张患者以及不同程度腹水患者之间的门静脉高压性胃病发生率均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。但肝硬化伴门静脉高压性胃病患者的血浆VIP水平较无门静脉高压性胃病者显著升高（P〈0．001）。结论：门静脉高压是门静脉高压性胃病的必要条件，而其他因素．如血浆VIP水平与门静脉高压性胃病的发生也有一定关系。     

门静脉高压性胃病

门静脉高压症所致消化道疾病除食管和胃底静脉曲张外,还有非静脉曲张疾病,如消化性溃疡、门静脉高压性胃病(PHG)等.1985年McCormack等[1]总结了127例门静脉高压患者的内镜表现,发现胃黏膜有特征性胃炎样表现,其显微镜下的特征是胃黏膜组织内小血管扩张,而无明显炎症,作者将这种门静脉高压胃黏膜的淤血性改变称为"充血性胃病".     

肝癌患者门静脉高压性胃病的胃镜表现及相关影响因素分析

[目的]分析肝癌患者门静脉高压性胃病(portal hypertension gastopathy, PHG)的胃镜表现及相关影响因素。[方法]入选行胃镜检查的肝癌患者191例,观察其胃镜下表现及分析相关影响因素。[结果]191例肝癌患者,镜下表现为门静脉高压性胃病(PHG)137例(71.7%),其中轻症74例(54.0%),重症63例(46.0%);无PHG54例(28.3%)。PHG组患者消化道出血症状、食管胃静脉曲张、有食管胃静脉曲张术史、合并肝硬化、肝性脑病、自发性细菌性腹膜炎、中-大量腹水以及门静脉血栓形成的比例均高于无PHG组,PHG组患者肝功能Child-Pugh分级以B、C级为主,门静脉内径大于无PHG组,而血红蛋白、血小板、白蛋白低于非PHG组,ALT、AST、胆红素及PT则高于无PHG组(均P<0.05或0.01)。PHG严重程度随着食管胃静脉曲张和肝功能分级的增加而加重,消化道出血比例随之增加。[结论]肝癌患者易合并PHG引起消化道出血,食管胃静脉曲张程度和肝功能是主要影响因素,随着肝癌患者生存期延长,PHG应得到消化科足够重视。     

肝炎后肝硬化门脉高压性肝病相关因素的临床研究

为探讨肝炎后肝硬化门脉高压性胃病(PHG)形成的相关因素,对68例肝炎后肝硬化门脉高压患者按胃镜下有无PHG分组对照研究,比较两组患者性别、年龄、实验室检查、B超及胃镜检查资料。发现两组的肝功能分级、门静脉内径、食管静脉曲张程度差异有显著性(P<0.05),而与性别、年龄、血氨水平及脾静脉内径无相关性(P>0.05)。PHG组幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染率较对照组低(P<0.05)。     

门脉高压性胃病出血的诊断及治疗

门脉高压性胃病(portal Hypertensive Gastropathy PHG)是肝硬化失代偿期常见的并发症之一。在肝硬化门静脉高压(PHT）并发上消化道出血中，仅次于食道胃底静脉曲张破裂出血，其临床意义与食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血同等重要。现就其研究现状综述如下。     

乙型肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压性胃病的内镜分级

肝硬化门静脉高压性胃病(portal hypertensive gastropa-thy PHG)是门静脉高压症患者上消化道出血的重要原因。PHG分级与患者的治疗和预后有密切的关系,国外有关PHG分级的研究主要以酒精性肝硬化为对象,这与我国的情况显然不同。对于以肝炎后肝硬化为病因的PHG分级的研究,目前国内尚缺乏细致、系统的调查分析。     

门脉高压性胃病的相关因素分析

门脉高压性胃病（PHG）是肝硬化门脉高压患者首次出血的主要原因,为探讨其与门静脉、脾静脉内径、肝硬化临床Child-Pugh分级及食管静脉曲张的关系,现对2001年12月～2003年6月本院收治的226例肝炎肝硬化患者的临床资料分析如下。     

肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压性胃病 158例临床分析

门静脉高压性胃病（portalhypertensivegastropathy，PHG）是指门静脉高压患者发生的胃粘膜的特殊病变，表现为胃粘膜无明显炎症，而粘膜下血管可见扭曲和扩张。近来发现肝硬化合并上消化道出血的３０％～５０％来源于PHG，而PHG又主要见于肝炎后肝硬化。我们对我院２２０例肝炎后肝硬化患者进行胃镜检查，其中１５８例被确诊为PHG，检出率为７１．８％，本文拟就肝炎后肝硬化PHG的临床特点进行分析总结。１．一般资料：１５８例均为我院１９９８年１月至２０００年３月的住院患者，男性１３６例，女性２２例，平均年龄４５．２岁，全…     

特发性非肝硬化性门静脉高压症的研究进展

特发性非肝硬化性门静脉高压是一种原因不明的门静脉高压症,无明显肝硬化特征;本病的发病机制尚不清楚,目前认为慢性感染、免疫、毒物接触、凝血机制障碍等均可能参与发病。临床主要表现为门静脉高压征象,如食管胃底静脉曲张或破裂出血、显著脾肿大,而肝功能基本正常,腹水及肝性脑病少见;病理改变主要表现为门静脉闭塞性病变,但无肝硬化改变。临床诊断主要是排他性诊断,有门静脉高压的临床证据,组织病理学检查除外肝硬化,排除引起肝硬化的慢性肝病以及引起非肝硬化性门静脉高压的其他临床疾病即可考虑本病。有关特发性非肝硬化性门静脉高压症研究较少,推荐按照肝硬化所致门静脉高压指南进行治疗。预后主要取决于门静脉高压的严重程度及其并发症的处理,一般优于肝硬化并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血。     

Effect of laparoscopic splenectomy on portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension

Aim:  This study investigated the relationship between portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and splenomegaly, and the effect of laparoscopic splenectomy on PHG in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.
Methods:  Seventy patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension were prospectively studied. Indication for laparoscopic splenectomy was bleeding tendency in 10 patients, induction of interferon in 45, treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in seven, and treatment for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy-resistant esophagogastric varices in eight. The severity of PHG was classified into none, mild, or severe according to the classification by McCormack et al. The severity of liver disease was classified using the Child–Pugh score. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before and 1 month after the operation.
Results:  The prevalence of PHG was significantly correlated with the severity of liver disease using the Child–Pugh score. The severity of PHG was significantly correlated with the resected spleen volume. One month after the operation, PHG was improved in 16 of 17 patients with severe PHG and in 12 of 32 with mild PHG. The Child–Pugh score showed a significant improvement (6.8 ± 1.4 to 6.2 ± 1.2) at 3 months after laparoscopic splenectomy ( P  < 0.0001).
Conclusions:  PHG may be associated with splenomegaly, and laparoscopic splenectomy may have a beneficial effect on PHG, at least for a short time.     

超声检查对肝硬化门脉高压性胃病的预测

以超声检查指标对门脉高压性胃病进行预测.经超声和胃镜检查,筛选出与门脉高压性胃病相关且对其判断贡献较大的指标,建立回归方程.门静脉内径、脾长径、脾指数、脾静脉内径、腹水、胆囊壁厚度与门脉高压性胃病呈正相关,经Logistic回归分析对门脉高压性胃病的综合判断符合率为79.3%.超声检查指标对肝硬化患者门脉高压性胃病判断符合率较高,可由超声检查预测肝硬化门脉高压性胃病.     

肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血的防治

食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血是肝硬化患者的严重并发症,病死率高,是最常见的消化系统急症之一。近年来,随着研究的深入,食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血的预防和治疗方法都有了一些新的进展,本文对此进行综述。     

Underlying mechanism of portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhosis: A hemodynamic and morphological approach

Background and Aim:  Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is an important cause of bleeding in patients with cirrhosis associated with portal hypertension. Histologically, the condition is characterized by dilation of the mucosal and submucosal vessels of the stomach; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the role of portal and systemic hemodynamic features, humoral factors and hepatocellular function in the development and severity of PHG in patients with cirrhosis.
Methods:  Forty-six patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies underwent endoscopy. Portal hypertension was evaluated by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). The gastric mucosa was analyzed using two diagnostic methods: endoscopy according to the McCormack criteria and histological by histomorphometric analysis.
Results:  The prevalence of PHG according to the endoscopic and histomorphometric methods was 93.4% and 76.1%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in HVPG measurements between the patients with mild (16.0 ± 5.9 mmHg) and severe PHG (16.9 ± 6.5 mmHg; P  = 0.80) or between patients who did not have (15.2 ± 8.0 mmHg) and those who had PHG (16.3 ± 5.7 mmHg). No correlation was found between the presence or severity of PHG and systemic vascular resistance index ( P  = 0.53 and 0.34, respectively), Child–Pugh classification ( P  = 0.73 and 0.78, respectively) or glucagon levels ( P  = 0.59 and 0.62, respectively).
Conclusions:  The present data show no correlation between the presence or the severity of PHG and portal pressure, Child–Pugh classification or systemic hemodynamics, suggesting that other factors may be involved in the physiopathology of PHG, such as local gastric mucosal factors or other underlying factors.     

肝硬化患者食管胃底静脉曲张破裂早期再出血的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)患者再出血的危险因素。方法收集宁夏医科大学2006年1月-2009年12月收住入院的432例肝硬化患者,初次治疗后出血停止的325例为对照组(即出血停止组),再出血的107例为研究组(即再出血组)。分析2组患者的临床和相关检查资料。两组间计量资料的比较采用t检验,计数资料的比较采用卡方检验,并进行多个样本率间的多重比较。应用单因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析出血的影响因素。结果性别、吸烟、血红蛋白、白细胞、ALT、AST、脾脏厚度两组患者中差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素非条件Logistic回归分析中性粒细胞相对值(OR=0.976,P=0.034)、白细胞计数(OR=1.173,P=0.007)、门静脉宽度(OR=7.530,P=0.001)和血红蛋白(OR=1.015,P=0.013)与出血具有相关性。结论白细胞、中性粒细胞、血红蛋白、门静脉为肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂早期再出血的危险因素。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血相关因素分析

目的 分析乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的相关因素。方法 2014年1月~2015年12月纳入128例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据因素的不同分类,进行单因素分析,对有统计学意义的因素赋值,再行Logistic多因素回归分析,以获得影响乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的独立危险因素。结果 在符合纳入条件的128例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中,49例（38.3%）发生门脉高压性胃病出血,其中粘膜炎症性糜烂出血41例（32.0%）,溃疡性出血8例（6.3%）;胃部有基础疾病的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为60.0%,显著高于胃部没有基础疾病的患者（30.1%,P<0.05）,有幽门螺旋杆菌（HP）感染的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为54.8%,显著高于无HP感染的患者（33.0%,P<0.05）,存在腹水的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为46.3%,显著高于无腹水的患者（23.9%,P<0.05）,Child-Pugh C级、B级和A级患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例分别为58.3%、41.5%和15.4%（P<0.05）,重度、中度和轻度食管静脉曲张（EV）患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例分别为51.8%、41.9%和6.9%（P<0.05）,抗病毒治疗不规律的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为55.6%,显著高于抗病毒治疗规律的患者（31.5%,P<0.05）,门静脉内径>14 mm的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为48.3%,显著高于门静脉内径≤14 mm的患者（30.0%,P<0.05）,脾静脉内径>9 mm的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为48.4%,显著高于脾静脉内径≤9 mm的（28.8%,P<0.05）;多因素分析显示胃部存在基础疾病、Child-Pugh 分级差、EV程度高和门静脉内径宽为发生门脉高压性胃病出血的独立危险因素。结论 应针对存在出血风险的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者给予风险控制,早期防治。     

Portal hypertensive gastropathy with a focus on management

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a painless condition of gastric mucosal ectasia and impaired mucosal defense, commonly seen in patients with elevated portal pressures. While it is typically asymptomatic and incidentally discovered on upper endoscopy, acute and chronic bleeding may occur. There are no definitive recommendations for treatment of asymptomatic PHG. Non-selective β-blockers represent the mainstay of therapy for chronic bleeding, while somatostatin and vasopressin and their derivatives may be used in conjunction with supportive measures for acute bleeding. Salvage therapy with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or rarely surgical shunt is appropriate when medical management fails. The role of endoscopic therapy for PHG is controversial. Liver transplantation should be considered as a final resort in cases of refractory bleeding due to PHG.     

门脉高压胃病与前列环素I2的关系

目的 了解血浆前列环素在肝硬化门脉高压性胃病发病中的作用.方法 应用特异性放射免疫分析法测定49例肝硬化门脉高压性胃病患者及30例正常对照者血浆前列环素水平.结果 49例肝硬化门脉高压性胃病患者前列环素水平(137.31±61.82)pg/ml明显高于对照组(89.62±2.6)pg/ml,(t=1.684,P＜0.05).其中门脉高压性胃病轻、中度患者与对照组比较,均有明显差异(t=1.725,t=1.853,P＜0.05),门脉高压性胃病重度患者与对照组比较,差异更明显(t=2.117,P＜0.025).但门脉高压性胃病各级间比较均无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 肝硬化门脉高压性胃病患者血浆前列环素明显升高,作为具有扩血管作用的炎性介质,在门脉高压性胃病发病中起重要作用.     

门脉高压性胃病肝郁脾虚证与胃动素水平关系的研究

[目的]从胃动素(MTL)水平探讨门脉高压性胃病(PHG)肝郁脾虚证的病理生理基础,为PHG肝郁脾虚证的中医辨病辨证提供理论依据。[方法]入选对象120例,分为:PHG组(P组)、慢性乙型肝炎组(H组)、慢性胃炎组(G组)、正常对照组(C组),每组30例。详细询问每例患者的病史、临床症状,进行肝郁脾虚证的评分;在早晨空腹状态下采肘前静脉血,检测血浆MTL水平。[结果]①P组MTL水平最高,并与其他各组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);②P组McCormick分度重度患者MTL水平比轻度者为高(P0.01);③P组肝郁脾虚证积分与血浆MTL水平呈正相关(P0.01);④P组肝功能Child-Pugh分级,C级MTL水平均明显高于B级和A级,各级之间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]①MTL参与PHG的形成,促进其发展,在PHG的形成与发展中起重要作用;②症状越重,积分越高,MTL水平升高越明显,PHG胃黏膜改变越重;③肝功能损害越明显,MTL水平越高,PHG胃黏膜改变越重;④MTL可作为PHG肝郁脾虚证的检测指标。