原发性胆汁性胆管炎-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征伴发丙型肝炎病毒感染一例

本例原发性胆汁性胆管炎(primary biliary cholangitis,PBC)-自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis,AIH)重叠综合征患者长期使用糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂联合熊去氧胆酸方案治疗,后因肝功能异常波动、乏力加重就诊,确诊丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)...     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎/自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征早期治疗获组织学缓解1例报告

正1病例资料患者男性,42岁,主因"发现肝功能异常1个月"于2014年8月21日入本院。患者平素无乏力、厌食、皮肤瘙痒等不适。既往体健,否认肝病史及其他系统疾病史,否认饮酒史,否认家族性遗传病史。入院查体:生命体征平稳,BMI 23. 03 kg/m~2,正常面容,无色素沉着,可见肝掌,未见蜘蛛痣,无皮肤、巩膜黄     

自身抗体阴性的自身免疫性肝炎重叠原发性胆汁性胆管炎及原发性硬化性胆管炎1例报告

<正>自身免疫性肝病是一组病因不明、免疫介导的肝损伤,包括自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)、原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)[1],其患病率分别为25/10万～40/10万、17/10万及0. 9/10万～1. 3/10万[2-4]。临床上有小部分患者同时或在病程的不同阶段,具有其中两种或两种以上疾病的临床、生化、免疫及组织学特征时称为重叠综合征[5],报道较多的主要有AIH/PBC、AIH/PSC两种类型。AIH/PBC重叠综合征存在于8%～10%的AIH或PBC患者中[6-7],AIH/PSC重叠综     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征诊治进展

目的 原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)是一种慢性自身免疫性肝内胆汁淤积性疾病,自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)是一种自身免疫反应介导的肝脏实质性炎症。该两种疾病共存于同一患者,称之为“原发性胆汁性胆管炎-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征(PBC-AIH OS)”。PBC-AIH OS患病率低,较单纯PBC进展快、预后差。目前,其诊断标准的临床应用及治疗方案的选择仍有挑战性。本文对PBC-AIH OS的定义、流行病学、临床特征、诊断、治疗和预后的最新研究进展进行了综述,以期获得更深入的认识,为疾病的精准诊疗提供依据。     

抗-HAV-IgM阳性的自身免疫性肝炎-原发性胆汁性胆管炎重叠综合征1例报告

<正>自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）-原发性胆汁性胆管炎（PBC）重叠综合征属于自身免疫性肝病重叠综合征的一种类型,其本质是由于自身免疫功能紊乱引起的慢性肝脏疾病^[1]。AIH-PBC在所有自身免疫性肝病重叠综合征类型中较为常见^[2],其患病率在PBC患者中为4.3%～9.2%,在AIH患者中为2%～19%^[3],而合并低滴度HAV-IgM目前尚未见报道。通过对本文病例的诊治过程回顾,扩展了对HAV相关免疫学疾病的认识,     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征合并肝豆状核变性1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者女性,48岁,间断乏力7个月,肝功能异常4个月,加重伴皮肤巩膜黄染1个月于2017年7月3日入本院。7个月前无诱因出现乏力,无恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻,未治疗。4个月前乏力无缓解,就诊于大连某医院检查:ALT 52 U/L,ALP 110U/L,GGT 44 U/L,ANA阳性,考虑自身免疫性肝炎(AIH),给予熊去氧胆酸(UDCA) 250 mg,3次/d,口服。2个月前复查肝功     

自身免疫性肝炎与原发性胆汁性胆管炎临床特征比较

目的比较自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)临床特征,以利于两者的鉴别及早期诊断。方法收集2010年1月-2018年2月华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院诊治的AIH患者(n=83)和PBC患者(n=108)临床资料,包括年龄、性别、血清生化、免疫学指标及肝脏病理学检查结果,比较AIH与PBC的不同特征。正态分布计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本t检验;偏态分布计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料两组间比较采用X~2检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果纳入AIH及PBC患者均以女性为主,发病年龄高峰为40～60岁。二者临床表现无明显特异性,主要症状体征均为:乏力、腹胀、黄疸、纳差,其中AIH组纳差患者比例明显高于PBC组(25%vs 14%,X~2=6. 52,P=0. 011)。此外,AIH组肝硬化及合并风湿性疾病的比例亦明显高于PBC组(59. 0%vs 40. 7%,X~2=6. 23,P=0. 012; 23. 5%vs 15. 7%,X~2=7. 46,P=0. 006)。AIH组PLT、ALP、GGT、IgM、红细胞沉降率(ESR)及补体C3水平均低于PBC组,PT、国际标准化比值(INR)及IgG水平均高于PBC组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0. 05)。PBC患者抗线粒体M2型抗体(78. 8%vs 14. 8%)、抗核膜糖蛋白210抗体(46. 4%vs 5. 3%)、抗三联体抗体(抗3E抗体)(75. 0%vs 31. 6%)阳性率均高于AIH患者,差异均有统计学意义(X~2值分别为74. 70、7. 31、8. 73,P值分别为0. 001、0. 007、0. 003)。肝组织学特点方面PBC主要以胆管改变(包括小胆管炎、胆管肉芽肿、胆管缺失、细胆管反应性增生)为主,AIH则以界面性肝炎为主(X~2值分别为31. 00、5. 88,P值分别为0. 001、0. 015)。结论 AIH与PBC均好发于女性,临床表现无特异性,但入院时PLT、ALP、GGT、PT、INR、ESR、补体、免疫球蛋白水平,抗体的类型及肝脏病理学的差异均可用于二者鉴别,且抗3E抗体可辅助诊断PBC。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征临床与病理分析

目的总结原发性胆汁性肝硬化-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征患者的临床及病理组织学特点。方法对10例原发性胆汁性肝硬化一自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征患者的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组患者均有肝功能酶谱的不同程度升高，血清IgG和IgM升高，4例血清抗线粒体抗体（antimitochondrial antibody-2，AMA-2）阳性，其中3例抗核抗体（antinuelear antibodY，ANA）阳性，1例核心蛋白gp210抗体（gp210）阳性。10例肝穿刺活检示均有小胆管损害，肝细胞炎症活动度从中度到重度，纤维化程度从S2到S4。结论自身免疫性肝病重叠综合征患者中女性多见。在临床及病理组织学上兼有原发性胆汁性肝硬化和自身免疫性肝炎的双重特点，临床工作中需结合临床、生物化学、免疫学及病理情况及时作出准确诊断。     

两种诊断标准诊断原发性胆汁性肝硬化-自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征的比较

原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)-自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)重叠综合征是自身免疫性肝病中最常见的一种类型,但它并非是单纯的PBC与AIH在生物化学和病理等方面的叠加.在临床治疗中,如诊断过严,会存在治疗不足,不能有效阻止病变的发展;诊断过宽,则会存在治疗过度,增加药物对肝脏的损害,故正确地认识并诊断PBC-AIH重叠综合征非常必要[1].     

Clinical and pathological characteristics of the autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The defining of the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) overlap syndrome as a separate clinicopathological entity has been controversial and temporally and geographically subjective. METHODS: From 1979 until 2000, 227 patients diagnosed with AIH, PBC or the overlap thereof were treated. Cases with genuine AIH/PBC overlap syndrome were sorted out using close clinical follow up and serial liver biopsies. RESULTS: Of the 227 patients, 19 (8.4%) were diagnosed with the AIH/PBC overlap syndrome. They all cleared a score >10 for the diagnosis of AIH, and tested positive for antimitochondrial antibodies during their courses. Long-term follow up with frequent histological examinations, however, established the diagnosis of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome in only two (0.8%) patients. The most powerful factor distinguishing AIH from PBC was acidophilic bodies in lobules that were detected significantly more frequently in patients with AIH than PBC or spurious overlap syndrome (39/46 [85%]vs 3/85 [4%], P < 0.001). It was more reliable than bile-duct lesions for the distinction of PBC from AIH. CONCLUSIONS: Although AIH/PBC overlap syndrome does exist, it is infrequent and needs to be diagnosed carefully using close clinical and histological follow up to enable timely and effective treatment.     

A case of coexisting primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a new overlap of autoimmune liver diseases

Although the etiology of AIH, PBC, and PSC remains unknown, it is apparent that these autoimmune liver diseases share many common features and can coexist in the same patient. Our patient had features of PBC and later clearly developed a picture of PSC. This case suggests that PBC, PSC, AIH, and autoimmune cholangitis are part of a spectrum of chronic autoimmune liver disease that develop in response to some yet unidentified antigen.     

Primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome

Summary We report a case of primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome treated with cyclosporine A. Features of primary biliary cirrhosis were pruritus, high titer of antimitochondrial antibodies, inflammatory infiltrates surrounding interlobular bile ducts, and periportal granuloma. Features suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis were high titer of antinuclear antibodies, very high total immunoglobulins, and piecemeal necrosis. Because corticosteroids and ursodeoxycholic acid were inefficient, cyclosporine A was started at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day. A dramatic improvement in clinical condition, liver tests, and histology was noted. Discontinuation of cyclosporine A was followed by a clinical and histological relapse. Cyclosporine A reintroduction was again associated with a significant improvement. This case report suggests that in corticoresistant cases cyclosporine A could be an effective therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome.     

贝特类药物治疗原发性胆汁性胆管炎的研究现状

目前被美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)的药物包括熊去氧胆酸和奥贝胆酸。对熊去氧胆酸应答不佳、不能耐受奥贝胆酸瘙痒副作用的患者亟需新的治疗药物。近年来大量基础实验和临床研究认为贝特类药物对PBC疗效显著。就贝特类药物治疗原发性胆汁性胆管炎的机制进展及临床应用作一综述。     

自身免疫性肝炎和原发性胆汁性肝硬化重叠综合征的临床特征及疗效观察

目的观察自身免疫性肝炎和原发性胆汁性肝硬化(AIH-PBC)重叠综合征的临床特征及治疗效果。方法研究1:回顾分析124例PBC、57例AIH、39例AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者的临床特征;研究2:根据不同治疗方案对39例AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者进行分组疗效分析。结果在220例自身免疫性肝病患者中,AIH-PBC重叠综合征占17.73%。3组患者的性别组成差异无统计学意义,但发病年龄AIH组相似文献   

原发性胆汁性肝硬化／自身免疫性肝炎重叠综合征患者的临床和病理学研究

目的分析原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）、自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）和PBC／AIH重叠综合征患者的临床和病理学特点。方法对105例自身免疫性肝病患者的临床资料进行分析,比较PBC／AIH重叠综合征和单纯PBC或AIH患者的临床表现和肝组织病理学变化。结果在105例患者中,包括11例PBC／AIH重叠综合征、60例PBC、33例AIH和1例原发性硬化性胆管炎（PSC）。PBC／AIH重叠综合征与PBC或AIH患者的性别、年龄、症状和并发症无明显差异（P〉0．05）,其实验室检查具有AIH的特点,如血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、免疫球蛋白IgG的明显升高,同时具有PBC的特点,如GGT、ALP、免疫球蛋白IgM的显著增高,但与PBC或AIH相比,无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;自身抗体检测可见抗核抗体、抗线粒体M2抗体和抗核心蛋白gP210抗体阳性,后两项抗体检出率明显高于AIH患者（P〈0．01）;肝组织病理学检查结果显示,PBC／AIH重叠综合征兼有PBC和AIH的特点,如界面炎和碎屑样坏死,汇管区浆细胞浸润,胆管不同程度的病变等。结论PBC／AIH重叠综合征的临床表现和肝组织病理学具有PBC和AIH的双重特征,应对此病充分认识,并探索有效的治疗方案。     

Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes

Autoimmune hepatitis is a well-established chronic liver disease. It primarily affects women, is characterized by circulating autoantibodies and elevated gammaglobulins and is associated with extrahepatic immune-mediated syndromes. Treatment regimens have remained unchanged for a number of years because of the high efficacy of steroid monotherapy, or combination therapy of azathioprine and steroids. In approximately 90% of patients remission of the disease is reached by medical therapy, which is usually administered lifelong because long-term remission after drug withdrawal is achieved in only 17% of patients. In 10% of patients treatment failure is observed. The challenge of remission induction involves the use of transplant immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, mycophenolate moffetil, and tacrolimus. The challenge of maintenance therapy minimizing steroid side-effects involves the evaluation of topical steroids and the use of azathioprine monotherapy. Overlap syndromes occur in approximately 20% of autoimmune liver diseases. The diagnosis is broadly based on serological, biochemical, clinical and histological parameters. Most common are the overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, as well as autoimmune hepatitis with primary sclerosing cholangitis. These yet incompletely defined syndromes are an important differential diagnosis in the difficult-to-treat patient with autoimmune hepatitis.     

Development of autoimmune hepatitis in primary biliary cirrhosis.

AIM/BACKGROUND: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown aetiology. Up to 10% of patients with typical features of PBC will have additional features of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). A subset, however, have no such features but go on to develop a 'sequential' AIH overlap syndrome. Objectives: Describe our experience with eight patients who developed AIH after the diagnosis of PBC was made. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of all PBC patients over a 9-year period (from 1996 to 2005). Only PBC patients with no features of AIH were included. RESULTS: There were 1476 patients with PBC. Of these, eight patients developed features of AIH overlap syndrome based on biochemical and histological parameters. Treatment included prednisone and azathioprine for 24 or more months. The majority of patients remained on ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) throughout treatment. Response to therapy was defined by improvement in enzymes, and was rapid for all patients. One patient was able to discontinue treatment with prednisone and azathioprine, while seven have continued on therapy to date. CONCLUSIONS: A 'sequential' overlap syndrome of AIH with PBC can occur. Treatment with prednisone and azathioprine may lead to a rapid improvement in aminotransferase levels.     

自身免疫性肝炎-原发性胆汗性肝硬化重叠综合征的临床特点及诊断分析

目的：分析自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）-原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）重叠综合征患者临床特点、实验室结果、诊断正确率及时长。方法选取2009年1月至2013年6月经过肝活组织病理检查明确诊断为AIH-PBC重叠综合征的患者53例,对照组为AIH及PBC患者各53例。对患者的临床表现、实验室结果及入院后诊断情况进行回顾分析。正态分布的定量资料采用单因素方差分析对各组间进行比较,两两比较采用SNK-q检验。定性资料采用R ×C列联表法进行各组间比较,两两比较采用Scheffe可信区间法。结果53例AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者ALT为（173．65±52．08）U/L,血清TBil为（38．07±6．82）μmol/L,ALP为（293．81±28．89）U/L,GGT为（57．57±78．84）U/L。其中ALP较两个对照组差异有统计学意义;血清免疫球蛋白IgM为（3．33±2．12） g/L,较两个对照组差异具有统计学意义。自身抗体中抗线粒体抗体M2亚型（AMA-M2）（27/53）较两对照组差异具有统计学意义;未经肝活组织检查诊断正确率（52．83％）最低、入院后明确诊断需要时间最长[（8±7．7）d]。结论 AIH-PBC 重叠综合征临床表现更类似于PBC,但生化检查结果更类似于AIH,AIH-PBC 重叠综合征兼有AIH和PBC的双重特点。